Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2019
Sammendrag
Revidering av skjøtselsplanen for Søla i Vega kommune er utført på oppdrag av Vega verneområdestyre. Skjøtselsplanen gir faglig funderte anbefalinger for restaurering og skjøtsel av de trua naturtypene slåttemark, naturbeitemark og hagemark. Den baserer seg på feltbefaring og intervjuer med brukeren. Rapporten er delt inn i to hoveddeler. Første del gir en kort beskrivelse av naturtypen. Andre del er rettet mot den som skal utføre skjøtsel og forvaltningen, og omhandler naturgrunnlaget og dagens drift i området, samt beskrivelsen av konkrete restaurerings- og skjøtselstiltak innenfor lokalitetene.
Sammendrag
Skjøtselsplanen for Værøy er utført på oppdrag av Fylkesmannen i Nordland. Skjøtselsplanen gir faglig funderte anbefalinger for restaurering og skjøtsel av den trua naturtypen slåttemark. Den baserer seg på feltbefaring og intervju med brukeren. I tillegg omfatter planen arealer som kan brukes i en framtidig satsing på beite. Rapporten er delt inn i to hoveddeler. Første del gir en kort beskrivelse av naturtypen. Andre del er rettet mot den som skal utføre skjøtsel og forvaltningen, og omhandler naturgrunnlaget og dagens drift i området, samt beskrivelsen av konkrete restaurerings- og skjøtselstiltak innenfor lokalitetene.
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En spørreundersøkelse ble utviklet i samarbeid mellom FK Agri, NIBIO og NLR for å skaffe et mer helhetlig bilde av overvintring av høstkorn 2018/19. Spørreundersøkelsen inkluderte 40 spørsmål om geografisk plassering, vekstforhold, såvare, sådato, gjødsling, plantevern, jordarbeiding, halmbehandling, planteutvikling og plantebestand. I tillegg var det spørsmål om snødekke, tele og egenvurdering av årsaken til vinterskader. Til sammen ble det samlet 591 svar. Hovedårsaken til vinterskader hos høsthvete i 2018/19 var soppsjukdommer. Ut i fra datagrunnlaget fra spørreundersøkelsen er det mulig å identifisere noen risikofaktorer som økte omfanget av vinterskader. Disse inkluderer frodig høstbestand som følge av tidlig såing og mye tilgjengelig nitrogen. En varm høst med avherdingsperioder og mye spillkorn, kombinert med lite tele og langvarig snødekke førte til mye snømuggskader. Tidlig soppbekjempelse med lav dose ga ikke tilstrekkelig beskyttelse ved langvarig snødekke og lite tele. Vinteren 2018/19 understreker at en frodig åker ved innvintring øker risikoen for utvikling av soppsjukdommer.
Sammendrag
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Forfattere
J. William Allwood Tomasz Leszek Woznicki Yun Xu Alexandre Foito Kjersti Aaby Julie Sungurtas Sabine Freitag Royston Goodacre Derek Stewart Siv Fagertun Remberg Ola M Heide Anita SønstebySammendrag
Introduction Blackcurrant (Ribes nigrum L.) is an excellent example of a “super fruit” with potential health benefits. Both genotype and cultivation environment are known to affect the chemical composition of blackcurrant, especially ascorbic acid and various phenolic compounds. Environmental conditions, like temperature, solar radiation and precipitation can also have significant impact on fruit chemical composition. The relevance of the study is further accentuated by the predicted and ongoing changes in global climate. Objectives The aim of the present study was to provide new knowledge and a deeper understanding of the effects of post flowering environmental conditions, namely temperature and day length, on fruit quality and chemical composition of blackcurrant using an untargeted high performance liquid chromatography–photo diode array–mass spectrometry (HPLC– PDA–MS) metabolomics approach. Methods A phytotron experiment with cultivation of single-stemmed potted plants of blackcurrant cv. Narve Viking was conducted using constant temperatures of 12, 18 or 24 °C and three different photoperiods (short day, short day with night interruption, and natural summer daylight conditions). Plants were also grown under ambient outdoor conditions. Ripe berries were analysed using an untargeted HPLC–PDA–MS metabolomics approach to detect the presence and concentration of molecules as affected by controlled climatic factors. Results The untargeted metabolomics dataset contained a total of 7274 deconvolved retention time-m/z pairs across both electrospray ionisation (ESI) positive and negative polarities, from which 549 metabolites were identified or minimally annotated based upon accurate mass MS. Conventional principal component analysis (PCA) in combination with the Friedman significance test were applied to first identify which metabolites responded to temperature in a linear fashion. Multi-block hierarchical PCA in combination with the Friedman significance test was secondly applied to identify metabolites that were responsive to different day length conditions. Temperature had significant effect on a total of 365 metabolites representing a diverse range of chemical classes. It was observed that ripening of the blackcurrant berries under ambient conditions, compared to controlled conditions, resulted in an increased accumulation of 34 annotated metabolites, mainly anthocyanins and flavonoids. 18 metabolites were found to be regulated differentially under the different daylength conditions. Moreover, based upon the most abundant anthocyanins, a comparison between targeted and untargeted analyses, revealed a close convergence of the two analytical methods. Therefore, the study not just illustrates the value of non-targeted metabolomics approaches with respect to the huge diversity and numbers of significantly changed metabolites detected (and which would be missed by conventional targeted analyses), but also shows the validity of the non-targeted approach with respect to its precision compared to targeted analyses. Conclusions Blackcurrant maturation under controlled ambient conditions revealed a number of insightful relationships between environment and chemical composition of the fruit. A prominent reduction of the most abundant anthocyanins under the highest temperature treatments indicated that blackcurrant berries in general may accumulate lower total anthocyanins in years with extreme hot summer conditions. HPLC–PDA–MS metabolomics is an excellent method for broad analysis of chemical composition of berries rich in phenolic compounds. Moreover, the experiment in controlled phytotron conditions provided additional knowledge concerning plant interactions with the environment.
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Sammendrag
The predicted and ongoing climate warming is expected to affect many aspects of plant development. We analysed data from a 31-year series of observations (1985–2016) on spring phenology and flowering and fruiting performance of three plum cultivars in an experimental orchard at Ås in southeast Norway (59° 40′N; 10° 50′E). Regression analyses revealed a trend of increasing March and April temperature during the study period that was highly significantly (P < 0.001) negatively correlated with the date of full bloom (FB). On average for all cultivars, blooming was advanced by 10 days over the study period. August and September temperature, which also increased significantly during the study period, was closely positively correlated with the amount of flowering in the subsequent spring and also interacted with early spring temperature in advancing blooming time. Investigation of the time of floral initiation in two of the studied plum cultivars revealed that the transition to reproductive development took place in early to mid-August. This finding strongly suggests that the close positive correlation between August-September temperature and the amount of flowering in plum observed in this and other studies, is causally linked to a specific physiological effect of elevated temperature on the flower bud formation process. Increasing March and April temperatures during the last 30 years has advanced blooming and spring phenology in plum and the resulting extension of the growing season has led to increasing fruit size at harvest. We conclude that so far, the ongoing climate warming appears to have been positive for plum production in the cool Nordic environment. However, an increasing risk of frost associated with earlier blooming will represent a potential negative effect of continued warming.
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