Grete H. M. Jørgensen
Forsker
Biografi
Utdanning og interesseområder:
PhD innen etologi, husdyrmiljø og dyrevelferd. Har jobbet mye med termoregulering, klima, sensorteknologi og dyrs preferanser. PhD prosjektet omhandlet fysisk og sosialt miljø til sau i innefôringsperioden.
Nøkkelkvalifikasjoner:
- Lang erfaring som prosjektleder i NIBIO. Har i tillegg hatt verv i Forskerforbundet.
- God kompetanse mht. elektronisk databehandling og statistisk analyse.
- Vitenskapelig veileder for en rekke bachelor og mastergradsstudenter. En god del erfaring som foreleser og sensor for flere høgskoler og universiteter.
- Bredt nettverk og internasjonale publikasjoner på mange husdyrarter.
- Termoregulering og sosial adferd hos hest
- Måling av klimagassutslipp fra drøvtyggere (respirasjonskammer og SF6 metoden)
- Sensorteknologi
- Reindrift , HMS og produksjon
- Person med særskilt kontrollansvar for dyrevelferdsenhet ved NIBIO, og i godkjent forsøksdyravdeling ved stasjon Tjøtta.
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Åsa Maria Olofsdotter Espmark Endre Grimsbø Sonal Patel Espen Rimstad Kristin Opdal Seljetun Marco Vindas Erik Georg Granquist Grete H. M. Jørgensen Janicke Nordgreen Ingrid Olesen Sokratis Ptochos Amin Sayyari Tor Atle MoSammendrag
Background: Norwegian aquaculture involves stunning and killing millions of fish every year. Welfare of fish is protected by laws and regulations. According to the legislation, all farmed individuals must be unconscious before killing and kept unconscious until they are confirmed dead after exsanguination. There is a lack of knowledge about to what extent different stunning and killing methods used in Norway fulfil the legislation for all relevant fish species. Farmed fish species have different anatomy, physiology, and behaviour, and there are individual differences regarding size and health status that need to be considered at slaughter. Consequently, the Norwegian Food Safety Authority commissioned VKM to assess which criteria for documentation of methods will secure animal welfare during slaughter and evaluate how differences between fish species may affect documentation and animal welfare. VKM was also asked to summarise the knowledge and hazards for animal welfare regarding the methods for stunning and killing of farmed fish in Norway. Methods: VKM established a working group with expertise in fish welfare, slaughter methods, and risk assessment. Literature search was performed by the Norwegian Institute of Public Health. Additional manual searches were also performed, including screening of articles cited in the most recent literature, searching the project database by the Norwegian Seafood Research Fund, and web sites by governmental organisations. Species included in the literature search were fish farmed in Norway for human consumption: Atlantic salmon, rainbow trout, Arctic char, sea trout, Atlantic halibut, European turbot, Atlantic cod, spotted wolffish, and yellowtail kingfish. In addition, some fish species not for human consumption were included as they may enter the slaughter facilities together with the farmed fish. These include fish used to combat salmon lice (lumpfish, ballan wrasse, goldsinny wrasse, corkwing wrasse, rock cook) and wild fish (saithe, haddock) that may enter the net pens during the production phase. The effects of stunning and slaughter on the fish welfare were evaluated following a modified version of EFSAs Guidance on the assessment criteria for applications for new or modified stunning methods. Assessments: Animal welfare is essential during stunning and killing, and it is important to establish knowledge of methods securing that all individuals are kept unconscious until they are verified as dead. Electroencephalogram (EEG) monitoring is the optimal method for confirming unconsciousness and death. However, measurement of EEG on individual fish is not applicable at the slaughter facility at the present time, hence different physical measurements, together with behavioural and physiological indicators must be used. Electrical stunning is a method causing temporary stunning. Hence, the biggest hazard for reduced welfare with this method is if the fish regains consciousness before exsanguination. Electrical stunning has species-specific properties; thus, documentation for the performance of the method for the individual species is needed. The number of fish entering the dry electrical stunner is an important factor for animal welfare, as too many fish at the same time increase the risk of insufficient stunning and suffering for the fish. Percussive stunning causes immediate and irreversible loss of consciousness when the blow is applied correctly and is strong enough. However, if done incorrectly, e.g. hitting the fish at the wrong place or with too little kinetic energy, the fish may remain conscious while being killed causing suffering for the fish. Automatic percussive stunners need to be adjusted to fish size and species, the latter because placement of the brain differs between species. The main welfare hazard with the killing method of gill cutting is insufficient cutting with slow exsanguination, resulting in that the fish might regain consciousness before death. Cardiac cutting is dependent upon restraining and exact positioning of the fish for correct insertion of the knife. It is important that the fish is not wrongly oriented, i.e. enter the machine up-side down, in the wrong direction or that more than one individual enters at the same time. Such cases will result in suffering for the fish and reduced welfare. Spiking is a killing method where the fish is restrained, after which a mechanical device inserts a sharp spike directly into the brain This method is unsuitable for most farmed fish in Norway and therefore not used. Maceration should only be performed with dead or unconscious fish, so if the method is correctly applied, welfare will not be an issue. However, moribund, diseased, wild fish or cleaner fish species may be alive and conscious at maceration, leading to pain and suffering in the process. Uncertainties and data gaps: The scientific documentation of animal welfare in percussive stunning is not considered adequate, and absent for some species in this report. There is lack of knowledge about the time it takes for fish to lose and regain consciousness after both electrical and percussive stunning, and the time from gill or cardiac cutting until the fish is exsanguinated and dead. This information is species-specific. In addition, there is a lack of data on how different behavioural and physical measurements correlate with the EEG. These indicators may be suitable for use at slaughter facilities, but documentation is lacking for all fish species included in this report. Conclusion: VKM concludes that there is a general lack of scientific documentation of the currently applied stunning and killing methods to ensure that farmed fish remain unconscious after stunning until death by exsanguination. The time period from stunning to regained consciousness needs to be established through research to ensure that fish are slaughtered with minimal stress, fear, and suffering. Furthermore, it is necessary to know the time required from gill or cardiac cutting to cessation of brain activity. There is a risk of reduced animal welfare due to this lack of documentation. The different fish species have different anatomy and physiology which impacts the effect of stunning and killing. Especially in bottom dwellers (halibut, turbot, spotted wolffish), an individual variation in placement of the brain affects the effect of the slaughtering methods. There is insufficient documentation about how species and individual differences affect the welfare of percussive stunning, spiking, gill cutting, and cardiac cutting. There is limited documentation of the effect of electrical stunning for most species. The effect of electrical stunning of salmonids is better documented; however, verification by EEG is scarce. The direction and placement of the fish when entering the stunner and killing machines are a vital hazard for reduced welfare of the fish. Wrong direction of the fish or overload into the machines may result reduced effect of the methods. Welfare may also be impaired when the machines are not correctly adjusted to the species and size of fish or there is a large variation of the size of the fish entering the machines.
Divisjon for matproduksjon og samfunn
Giving the horse a voice - Horse welfare and owner awareness
Divisjon for matproduksjon og samfunn
Gi hesten en stemme - Hestevelferd og eierbevissthet
Dette er et internasjonalt forskningsprosjekt finansiert gjennom Stiftelsen Hästforskning med midler både fra svenske og norske bidragsytere. Prosjektet går over tre år og har som hovedformål å undersøke hvordan man kan bidra med forbedret hestevelferd ved å øke menneskers bevissthet og dypere forståelse for hva en hest er og dens kognitive evner. Prosjektpartnerne er NIBIO, Norges Miljø og Biovitenskapelige universitet (NMBU), Veterinærinstituttet (VI), Ridskolan Strømsholm Flyinge (RSFlyinge) og Malmø Universitet (MU). Prosjektet har i tillegg knyttet til seg profesjonell hestetrener Turid Buvik fra Trondheim Hundeskole, som hestefaglig ansvarlig for operativt design og trening av hestene i symbolmetoden.
Divisjon for skog og utmark
DIGI-Rangeland
Hvordan kan nye digitale verktøy være til hjelp for utmarksbeitebonden? DIGI-Rangeland er et europeisk nettverksprosjekt. Her skal kunnskapsdeling og kommunikasjon mellom ulike aktører i utmarka være et utgangspunkt for arbeidet med å forstå hvordan nye digitale verktøy kan være til hjelp for utmarksbeitebonden. Det er 10 ulike land med i prosjektet (Frankrike, Romania, Hellas, Spania, Kroatia, Slovenia, Bulgaria, Island, Norge, UK og Sveits).
Divisjon for matproduksjon og samfunn
MetanHUB
Avtalepartene i landbruket har inngått en avtale med regjeringen om en stegvis reduksjon av klimagassutslippene med 5 millioner tonn CO2-ekvivalenter innen 2030. Ifølge Landbrukets klimaplan 2021-2030 skal halvparten av denne reduksjonen oppnås fra fôrings- og avlsstrategier i husdyrproduksjonen.