Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2026
Forfattere
Raphael Silva Thiago Inagaki Thomas Trentin Laura Péres Cléber Jesus Luis Alleoni Matheus SoaresSammendrag
Highly reactive, fine-particle biochars are particularly effective in recarbonizing degraded soils, but they can be more vulnerable to fire degradation due to higher surface area. How biochar particle size influences its persistence in the environment remains poorly understood, particularly in regions affected by fire events such as the Cerrado. In this study, we investigated the stability of micrometric (200 µm) and nanometric (<50 nm) açaí seed biochar incubated in an Oxisol for 180 days, followed by simulated burning using a propane–butane torch. Biochar amended soil had higher total C and nitrogen (N) contents, with a 43% increase for microbiochar and 88% for nanobiochar in the mineral-associated organic matter (MAOM) fraction, indicating incorporation into stable pools. Burning reduced C associated with the particulate organic matter (POM) more when amended with microbiochar than with nanobiochar, demonstrating their vulnerability fire. An increase, up to fivefold, in dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and nitrogen (DN) contents occurred after burning. XRD data showed no mineralogical differences among samples, while FTIR indicated loss of polysaccharides after burning. TGA revealed that microbiochar was more thermally stable under unburned conditions but lost stability after burning. In contrast, nanobiochar was less stable in unburned soil but became more stable following burning, resulting in lower mass loss. The reduced mass loss in the burned control is attributed to its ~40% lower soil C content. Biochar’s particle size governs carbon stability, fire vulnerability, and post-burn soil resilience, thereby using nanobiochar for fire-prone areas act as strategy improving the management of agricultural soils.
Forfattere
Thiago Inagaki Junbin Zhao Claire Douheret Pierre-Adrien Rivier Jihong Liu Clarke Nicholas ClarkeSammendrag
Earthworms enhance compost mineralization, improving its fertilizer value and soil quality (biological activity, structure). However, they often increase greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, particularly nitrous oxide (N₂O), via nitrogen mineralization. Combining biochar with compost may mitigate these emissions while further boosting soil benefits alongside earthworm activity. We present preliminary results from a soil incubation (2 months) experiment testing this synergy. Using a Norwegian loam Cambisol, a 2x2x2 factorial design (four replicates) assessed the presence/absence of earthworms (Lumbricus terrestris - 10 adults/jar), compost (manure/food waste - 60 Mg ha⁻¹ equivalent), and rice-straw biochar (700°C pyrolyzed - 20 Mg ha⁻¹ equivalent). We hypothesized that earthworm and compost addition may present synergistic effects in improving N mineralization with consequent enhanced GHG emissions. We expect that biochar may counteract these emissions and potentially present positive effects for soil quality. The goal was to develop a biochar-compost-earthworm system creating a fertilizer with higher nutrient availability and lower GHG emissions. In the first week of the incubation, we found that higher CO2 and N2O productions were associated with the presence of compost. Earthworms could further enhance the carbon decomposition but appeared to mitigate CH4 production. Further analysis will be carried out with a focus on GHG emissions (CO₂, CH₄, N₂O) and nitrogen mineralization dynamics.
Forfattere
Thiago Inagaki Frederik Bøe Ievina Sturite Meike S. Bärmann Franziska Bucka Alice Budai Anders Aas Daniel RasseSammendrag
In high-latitude arable systems (63.9°N), short growing seasons and cold climates often constrain regenerative practices. This study investigates how cover crop (CC) diversity influences the synergy among root development, carbon (C) persistence, and nutrient (N and P) dynamics within a barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)-oat (Avena sativa) rotation. Over three years, we evaluated a gradient of CC intercropping complexity using a randomized complete block design. Treatments were: (1) Control (barley/oat without NPK), (2) Biochar-Fertilizer (barley/oat + NPK + 1.8 Mg ha-1 year-1 biochar), (3) Monocrop (barley/oat), (4) Ryegrass (barley + ryegrass), (5) Clover (barley + ryegrass + white/red clover), and (6) Chicory (barley + ryegrass + red clover + chicory + bird’s-foot trefoil). We quantified root biomass, soil organic matter (SOM) fractions, specifically Mineral-Associated Organic Matter (MAOM) and Particulate Organic Matter (POM), aggregate stability, nutrient stocks, and microbial abundance via qPCR. The CCs sown shortly after barley were successfully established, with an average biomass of 1525 kg/ha, without compromising cereal yields, thereby confirming their viability in Nordic climates. A central finding was that root development served as the primary driver of organo-mineral associations. Ryegrass- and Clover-based systems produced significantly higher root biomass, which correlated strongly (p < 0.01) with MAOM stocks and total P acquisition. These systems stored 12 Mg/ha more MAOM-C and 1.1 Mg/ha more MAOM-N than the control at 0-20 cm depth. The inclusion of diverse functional traits in the complex five-species mixture significantly improved soil physical structure, yielding higher aggregate stability and lower bulk density. While CCs accumulated approximately 7 kg P/ha, the diverse mix optimized nutrient availability, whereas simpler mixtures showed higher C:P ratios, suggesting potential microbial P immobilization. Microbial abundance was consistently higher in multi-species treatments, indicating a more active biological environment. Ongoing analysis integrates cereal physiological data, focusing on the photosynthetic efficiency of oats in response to cultivation? regimes. Our findings bridge the gap between root morphology, plant physiology, and long-term SOM persistence, providing a strategic framework for using functional crop traits to enhance soil resilience and nutrient efficiency in cold-climate regions.
Forfattere
Thiago Inagaki Frederik Bøe Ievina Sturite Meike Sophie Bärmann Franziska Bucka Alice Budai Anders Aas Daniel RasseSammendrag
High-latitude regions pose challenges for soil organic matter (SOM) sequestration and for improving soil fertility due to low temperatures, which shorten growing seasons and promote off-season nutrient leaching. Even long-term experiments on conservation practices have shown only modest increases in C storage. Nonetheless, persistent SOM fractions, such as mineral-associated organic matter (MAOM), have been shown to improve relatively quickly through conservation practices in temperate regions, which could be key in high-latitude regions. MAOM is an important SOM fraction not only for promoting carbon (C) storage but also for providing an available form of nitrogen (N) for plant nutrition. In this study, we show that, in Norwegian agriculture (63.9°N), MAOM (C and N) stocks improved only after three years of implementing cover crop systems that combined 1 to 4 cover crops with cereals (barley or oats) intercropped simultaneously (12 Mg ha-1 for C and 1.1 Mg ha-1 for N in the 0-20 cm layer more compared to unfertilized Control plots). Cover crops containing red and white clover and ryegrass efficiently increased the MAOM fraction in soil. An increase in root biomass and changes in root morphology were the primary factors linking cover crops to MAOM improvements in this field. In addition to benefits for SOM stocks, we recorded improvements in microbial abundance, soil structure, nutrient cycling, and cereal physiology. Our findings help to reframe MAOM as a bioavailable nutrient pool essential for soil health and nutrient cycling, which can be improved in the relatively short term through root development.
Forfattere
Thiago InagakiSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Ying Zhao Li Guo Jian Liu Jie Xue Jinzhao Liu Yingkai Chen Xinyan Cai Kenneth C Carroll Esteban Jobbagy Steven P Loheide Kathleen M B Boomer Yanping LiSammendrag
Meeting rising food demand under intensifying climate variability, soil degradation, and groundwater decline requires agriculture to produce more with less freshwater. We advance critical zone agrohydrology (CZA) as a unifying framework that treats agricultural landscapes as human-managed critical zones—coupled systems extending from canopy to bedrock and operating from seasons to decades. CZA is organized around the four deeps (deep time, deep depth, deep coupling, and deep practice) and operationalized through a 5M cycle of measuring, mapping, monitoring, modeling, and managing. This perspective expands conventional agrohydrology by accounting for long-term soil change, subsurface storage and flow, biogeochemical feedbacks, and human decision-making, thereby linking field efficiency with basin sufficiency. We illustrate implications for multifunctional soil management, nutrient-loss control, salinity rehabilitation, drought resilience, managed aquifer recharge, and cross-scale governance. By reframing agriculture as a potential contributor to aquifer stability, water quality, carbon storage, biodiversity, and durable productivity, CZA offers a practical pathway toward more resilient and basin-aware agricultural water management.
Forfattere
Jenny Merkesvik Lars Jordhøy Lindstad Özgün Candan Onarman Umu Ronja Marlonsdotter Sandholm Sabina Leanti La Rosa Torgeir R. Hvidsten Phillip Pope Bjørge WesterengSammendrag
The gastrointestinal microbiota plays a pivotal role in shaping host physiology and health. By selectively promoting bacteria associated with improved host health, microbiota-directed fibers offer a strategy to enhance the beneficial functions of the microbiota. In this work, we developed a pH-controlled in vitro fermentation system (InVitSim) as a model to evaluate the effects of such a fiber—acetylated galactoglucomannan from Norway spruce—on the composition and functionality of porcine cecal microbial communities. We validated the experimental outcomes by comparing the response of the in vitro model to a previous in vivo feeding trial utilizing the same β-mannan fibers. Long-read sequencing with Oxford Nanopore, metatranscriptomics, and short-chain fatty acid measurements were undertaken to survey microbial community dynamics and functionality. Microbial communities in pigs and InVitSim responded similarly to β-mannan supplementation, with taxa like Prevotella , Catenibacterium, and Faecalibacterium increasing in abundance. Intriguingly, some taxa were observed to be more affected by β-mannan supplementation in InVitSim than in vivo . These taxa included several bacterial species that were not previously known to utilize β-mannan, yet exhibited upregulated genes encoding carbohydrate-active enzymes involved in the degradation of this substrate. IMPORTANCE In this study, we establish a fermenter system able to preserve more than 70% of over 300 distinct microbial taxa identified in the porcine cecal gut. The in vitro model and the functional omic data generated from it enabled us to identify relevant microbial populations that responded to the presence of AcGGM by upregulating β-mannan-specific polysaccharide utilization loci. Our results highlight the value of in vitro approaches as a complementary tool to in vivo trials for learning about the gastrointestinal microbiome's response to dietary interventions on the host level.
Forfattere
Aline Roma Tomaz William Ramos da Silva Aline dos Santos Correia Gabriel Santos de Oliveira Felipe José Cury Fracetto Giselle Gomes Monteiro Fracetto Abelardo Antônio de Assunção Montenegro Thiago Inagaki Ademir de Oliveira FerreiraSammendrag
Abstract The use of wastewater for irrigation in semiarid regions represents a dual strategy for water security and nutrient cycling, yet its implications for soil microbial functioning remain poorly understood. This study evaluated the impact of treated wastewater irrigation and mulch application on soil organic carbon (SOC), microbial biomass carbon (MBC), basal respiration (CO 2 ‐C), and metabolic and microbial quotients (q‐CO 2 and q‐mic) in a cactus–sorghum intercrop system in the Brazilian semiarid region. A split‐plot field experiment was conducted with four irrigation depths (0%, 80%, 100%, and 120% crop evapotranspiration [ETc]) and two mulch conditions (with and without) in a randomized block design with four replicates. Wastewater irrigation influenced soil microbial dynamics and carbon‐related processes, with responses varying according to soil depth, irrigation level, and crop stage. MBC was strongly affected by the interaction between irrigation, mulch, and cutting, with the highest values observed under the combined application of wastewater and mulch, particularly at 100% ETc in the final cutting. CO 2 ‐C and q‐CO 2 exhibited distinct temporal patterns, with higher emissions under both water deficit and non‐mulched conditions, indicating stress‐induced respiration. In contrast, mulched treatments promoted higher q‐mic and lower q‐CO 2 , reflecting improved microbial efficiency. Additionally, microbial indicators (MBC and q‐mic) became stronger predictors of sorghum productivity over time, surpassing total SOC. Overall, the integration of treated wastewater and mulch enhanced microbial functioning and strengthened the coupling between soil biological processes and crop productivity, supporting soil resilience and sustainability in semiarid forage systems.
Sammendrag
Purpose Advanced remote sensing and imagery technology help to estimate variability in grass ley plant coverage (PC). Adjusted manure and fertiliser application rates can be derived according to this variability, by means of machine learning and advanced image processing. This study aimed to determine the effects of variable nitrogen (N) rate from manure and synthetic fertiliser application on a grass ley field experiment in southwestern Norway, thereby generating N rate recommendations. The effects on dry matter yield, N use efficiency, and forage nutritive value were determined. Methods A field experiment was conducted in 2022-2023 and repeated in 2023-2024, estimating PC using digital processing of autumn and spring aerial images to determine fertiliser rates. Three fixed and two variable manure and mineral N rates were applied in early spring and after the first and second cuts. Forage dry matter yield (FDMY) and agronomic N use efficiecy (AgNUE) were evaluated over two seasons. Results A low or variable N rate based on spring coverage led to FDMY and AgNUE comparable to high N rates. Spring and autumn coverage during the second season improved slurry application decisions, offering a valuable tool for grassland management. The N rate-response model effectively represented the nonlinear behaviour of FDMY, revealing a strong concave response to N rates, significant seasonal variations, and a notable flattening of the response in 2024. Predicted curves indicated that the most beneficial N application occurs in earlier cuts, as late-season applications showed diminished yield leverage under 2024 conditions. Conclusion Image analysis can effectively support variable-rate fertiliser recommendations for perennial grasslands, although such approaches only improved N usage in one of two years. Whilst variable-rate application (VRA) is resilient during constrained regrowth years, interannual weather variability and seasonal conditions significantly influenced N responsiveness, indicating the necessity for calibrating cover-based models to enhance nutrient management efficiency under varying climate conditions.
Forfattere
Thiago InagakiSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag