Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2026
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Ararsa Derese SebokaSammendrag
Energy systems in many low- and middle-income regions remained dominated by traditional biomass and fossil fuels, with significant implications for environmental sustainability, public health, and resource security. In Sub-Saharan Africa, and particularly in Ethiopia, biomass including firewood, charcoal, agricultural residues, and animal dung accounts for approximately 87% of total final energy consumption. Continued reliance on fuelwood and charcoal, combined with inefficient combustion technologies and unmanaged organic-waste disposal, contributed to deforestation, land degradation, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, and indoor air pollution. Methane emissions from open dumping of biodegradable waste further exacerbated climate impacts. Concurrently, population growth and rapid urbanization increased municipal solid-waste generation, of which a significant proportion comprises biodegradable and lignocellulosic fractions that remain largely untreated and underutilized. These converging pressures emphasized the need for integrated circular approaches that link waste management with renewable energy production, enabling recovery of value from lignocellulosic biomass while reducing environmental burdens. Lignocellulosic biomass represented a substantial yet underexploited renewable resource in Ethiopia. It is originating from agricultural residues, agro-industrial by-products, and service sector streams such as hotels and university campuses; these materials consist primarily of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin which are suitable for conversion into renewable energy carriers. However, most residues were disposed of through open dumping and informal burning, leading to uncontrolled emissions of methane and other greenhouse gases, air pollutants, localized soil and water contamination, and loss of recoverable energy. Effective valorization therefore required not only appropriate conversion technologies but also system-level integration that aligned feedstock characteristics, real-world energy demand, and environmental performance within a circular bioresource framework. The main objective of this PhD thesis was to evaluate the integrated circular valorization of lignocellulosic biomass into biogas and bio-briquettes and to assess the associated environmental implications in Southern Ethiopia. The research focused on hotels and university campuses as decentralized points where concentrated organic streams coexisted with continuous and predictable energy demand. By integrating national resource assessment, site-level energy and waste data, laboratory-scale solid-state anaerobic digestion (SS-AD) experimentation, and bio-briquette optimization, the thesis established a multi-scale framework for evaluating integrated circular valorization of lignocellulosic biomass in Southern Ethiopia.
Sammendrag
Somrane 2024 og 2025 kartla NIBIO 190 km2 utmarksareal i Hol kommune. Eit område på 70 km2 kring Prestholtskarvet utgjer ein del av det kartlagte arealet. Resultata frå kartlegginga viser at området har eit stort beitepotensial, og den vestlege delen merker seg ut med høgt innslag av rik beitevegetasjon.
Forfattere
Iva ZivanovicSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Juozas Lanauskas Ilze Gravite Darius KviklysSammendrag
This study evaluated the agronomic performance of 15 plum cultivars grafted on both P. cerasifera and ‘Wangenheim Prune’ (P. domestica) seedling rootstocks over nine years at the Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry. Trees on P. cerasifera were planted 4.5 m × 2.5 m apart, while those on ‘Wangenheim Prune’ were 4 m × 1.5 m apart. On average, trees on ‘Wangenheim Prune’ developed 23% smaller trunk diameters and produced 42% less pruning mass than those on P. cerasifera yet demonstrated higher yield efficiency, except for the ‘Valor’ cultivar, which performed better on P. cerasifera. Mean plot yield was about 40% higher on ‘Wangenheim Prune’. Based on productivity, survival, and fruit quality, the most promising cultivars for Nordic climates are ‘Čačanska Najbolja’ and ‘Jubileum’ on ‘Wangenheim Prune’, while ‘Valor’ was productive on both rootstocks. Leaf nutrient analyses revealed rootstock-dependent differences: leaves on P. cerasifera contained more P, K, Ca, and Mn, whereas Mg, Cu, and Zn were higher on ‘Wangenheim Prune’. Regardless of rootstock, trees grown in calcareous, high-pH soils were deficient in Fe and Mn.
Forfattere
Desalegn Chala Diress Tsegaye Alemu Habtamu Alem Belachew Asalf Tadesse Melesse Eshetu_Moges Nega Tassie Abate Ayalew Wondie Aklilu Tilahun Tadesse Abebayehu Aticho Alemu Gonsamo Lanhui Wang Erick Lundgren Jeffrey Kerby Jens Christian SvenningSammendrag
Abstract Water hyacinth is among the world’s most damaging aquatic invasive plants, forming dense mats that disrupt ecosystem functioning, fisheries, navigation, and livelihoods across tropical and subtropical freshwater systems. Its rapid spread is driven by clonal propagation, short life cycles, and prolific seed production, particularly under nutrient-enriched conditions. Although mechanical, chemical, and biological control methods are widely applied, their long-term effectiveness remains uncertain when underlying eutrophication persists. Here, we present a large-scale, one-time water hyacinth removal campaign in Lake Tana, Ethiopia’s largest lake and a UNESCO Biosphere Reserve, as a representative nutrient-rich tropical freshwater system. Using high-resolution satellite imagery, we quantified coverage one month before removal, one month after removal, and one year later. We integrated SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats) analysis with a socio-ecological system map to assess mitigation mechanisms and identify sustainable management pathways capable of providing long-term solutions to halt water hyacinth proliferation in freshwater bodies. The campaign removed over 75% (~1271 ha) of water hyacinth, yet within one year the plant resurged to levels ~18% higher than pre-removal. This rebound highlights the ecological resilience of water hyacinth and the limitations of short term, noncontinuous control strategies. Our analysis identifies unmanaged catchment nutrient inputs as the primary driver of proliferation. Lake Tana serves as a model system demonstrating that water hyacinth functions less as a traditional invader and more as a bioindicator of eutrophication. We propose a transferable conceptual and methodological framework combining continuous removal, catchment-based nutrient management, and circular bioeconomy approaches, offering globally relevant lessons for sustainable management of nutrient-enriched tropical freshwater systems.
Sammendrag
Integrated decision support systems are fundamental for addressing complex issues related to forest ecosystems and the land use sector, such as climate, biodiversity or disturbances, and their impact on industry and society. Therefore, it is important to develop and use tools that can better incorporate potential challenges to forest ecosystems, socio-economic trends and political choices, and show their consequences for multiple natural resources. SiTree is a flexible, cross-platform and open-source individual-tree simulator framework written in R. Simulations produced using SiTree are currently and actively being used to inform policy decisions and in research, from carbon uptake under different management options to the provision of different forest ecosystem services, such as timber production and biodiversity. An overview of the current state with practical examples where SiTree simulation tool is being used will be presented. Future possibilities and capabilities for the development of SiTree will be discussed, with a focus, among others, on better linking land use to social trends and policy-making, predicting large-scale disturbances in forests and estimating the provision of forest ecosystem services.
Forfattere
Akhil Reddy Pashapu Sigridur Dalmannsdottir Marit Jørgensen Mallikarjuna Rao Kovi Odd Arne RognliSammendrag
Timothy is the most important perennial forage grass species in northern Norway, a region that is predicted to experience variable winter weather conditions due to climate change. Knowledge about how timothy cultivars respond to a changing climate is crucial for safeguarding forage production at higher latitudes. In the current study, we investigated changes in gene expression under freezing and ice encasement stresses and SNP allele frequencies between temporal populations (seed generations) of the two northern-adapted timothy cultivars Engmo and Noreng. In general, there was a decrease in freezing tolerance (defined as LT 50 , the temperature lethal to 50% of the population) and an increase in ice encasement tolerance (defined as LD 50 , the duration lethal to 50% of the population) over time. Comparative transcriptome analyses identified several genes known to be involved in stress responses, such as ethylene-responsive transcription factors, dehydration-responsive element binding transcription factors, reversion to ethylene sensitivity 1, and abscisic acid repressor 1, as differentially expressed between the temporal populations of Noreng under freezing stress. Several loci with large allele frequency changes were observed to be in close proximity to the genes displaying patterns resembling shifts over time in Noreng. Very few gene expression differences between populations of both cultivars under ice encasement stress could be due to weak selection pressure during seed multiplication. There was a gradual decline in genetic diversity in populations of both cultivars over time. The results indicate that phytohormone-mediated transcriptional regulation might be one of the key mechanisms for adaptation to changing winter weather conditions at higher latitudes. These findings underscore the importance of monitoring genetic shifts during seed multiplication to maintain cultivar stability and suggest that the identified stress-responsive genes could serve as valuable targets for breeding climate-resilient forage crops.
Forfattere
Maria Oldeman LundSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Maria Oldeman LundSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag