Publications
NIBIOs employees contribute to several hundred scientific articles and research reports every year. You can browse or search in our collection which contains references and links to these publications as well as other research and dissemination activities. The collection is continously updated with new and historical material.
2026
Authors
Cornelya KlutschAbstract
A presentation on environmental monitoring and research in the border regions of Norway, Finland, and Russia
Abstract
Disease symptoms, sources of inoculum, and patterns of spore release of Mycosphaerella ribis, the cause of Mycosphaerella leaf spot, were studied over three years in an organic blackcurrant planting receiving no fungicide applications. In addition to typical foliar symptoms, also fruit lesions were observed on the cultivars included in the study. Ascospores from leaf litter on the ground were trapped from bud break in April to mid-to-late July, but 99% were released by one month before. Conidia formed in old fruit cluster stalks overwintering on the blackcurrant shrubs were present from bud break to early August, but 99% were trapped from late May to mid-July. Conidia were found in leaf litter but were never captured in the spore trap, and ascospores were observed in old fruit cluster stalks. Degree-day models (base = 0˚C) were used to estimate the proportion of mature spores. Extended periods of dry conditions slowed spore maturation in the field. Models halting degree-day accumulation after 4 or 7 days with no rain (< 0.2 mm) or leaf wetness of < 12 h per day, gave the best performance for release of conidia or ascospores, respectively, if validated by data from controlled conditions in the laboratory. Ascospore release was suppressed during night, and if rain and wetness started during night and continued the following day, very few spores were released before sunrise. The present investigation provides new information that may be used when planning sanitary measures to reduce primary inoculum and predict spore release patterns for Mycosphaerella leaf spot.
Authors
Jennifer Duringer Gene Pirelli Nicole Anderson Carolyn YoungAbstract
Many varieties of tall fescue and perennial ryegrass are infected with a fungal endophyte that can be toxic to livestock. Learn how they affect livestock and how to provide safe forage.
Authors
Martina Gonzalez Mateu Amber D. Moore Nicole Anderson Elizabeth Verhoeven Jennifer M. Moore Kristin M. TrippeAbstract
Abstract Background and aims Perennial grass seed systems may promote soil organic carbon (SOC) storage through continuous plant cover, reduced tillage, and straw residue retention, yet few studies have explored the effects of field management practices on SOC stocks. Methods We measured SOC stocks (0–30 and 30–100 cm depth), particulate and mineral-associated organic carbon (POM and MAOM), microbial community structure, and plant biomass across 24 tall fescue seed fields of varying stand ages (2–20 years) and straw management practices (straw retention vs removal) in Oregon, USA. Results While SOC stocks did not differ among treatments at either depth, stand age and straw retention altered plant and biomass, and SOC partitioning. Specifically, older stands exhibited higher total field-level C (SOC + plant biomass) due to greater root inputs, while straw retention increased the proportion of POM in the topsoil. Together, stand age and straw retention shifted community composition and increased microbial biomass. Total PLFAs were positively correlated with %POM and soil respiration, indicating that straw retention can drive rapid C turnover. When compared to nearby land uses, tall fescue seed fields had lower topsoil C stocks than natural grasslands but higher than arable crops, underscoring the C storage potential of these systems. Conclusions Our results indicate that stand age and straw management altered SOC dynamics primarily through changes in microbial biomass and labile SOC inputs. Maintaining older perennial stands with straw retention can support higher belowground inputs and foster a larger microbial community, potentially enhancing aspects of soil health beyond SOC accumulation.
Authors
Hasriani Ayu Lestari Fahrurrozi Izzuddin Wahyu Purbiantoro Yanti Inneke Nababan Zaenal Arifin Siregar Hikmaturrohmi Hikmaturrohmi Eka Sunarwidhi Prasedya Michael RoledaAbstract
The ice-ice disease (IID) impacting the commercially important eucheumatoid seaweed Kappaphycus striatus is characterized by thallus bleaching (whitening), softening, and subsequent disintegration of the affected tissue. The occurrence of IID is thought to be stress-related release of dissolve organic carbon exudates that are utilized as substrate for microbial growth. The presence of pathogenic bacteria can subsequently induce IID manifestations that can jeopardize crop health. In this study, we investigated the role of pathogenic bacteria isolated from diseased green cultivar of K. striatus in inducing IID symptoms in healthy non-axenic brown cultivar of the same species under controlled laboratory conditions. Healthy branches of K. striatus were exposed to four distinct bacterial strains: three isolated from the diseased K . striatus ( Vibrio brasiliensis strain A8, V . brasiliensis strain B2 and V . chemaguriensis strain V1) and a positive control Cytobacillus solani strain-V2. Over a period of ten days, routine administration of each bacterium was conducted during the daily renewal of the filtered seawater medium. The occurrence of symptoms, i.e., typical of IID infection, was observed in samples subjected to additional bacterium but not under the control condition with natural microbiome. Our findings suggest that the presence of pathogenic bacteria, even under non-stressful laboratory conditions, can induce IID disease syndrome with various manifestations, including the development of wounds, abrasions, thallus bleaching, and fragmentation. The samples infected with the positive control C. solani strain-V2 exhibited the most severe bleaching at 80%, followed by V. brasiliensis strain-A8 at 60%, while V. brasiliensis strain-B2 and V, chemaguriensis strain-V1 both induced 50% thallus bleaching.
Abstract
No abstract has been registered
Authors
Kristina Bringedal Gedde Georgios Triantafyllidis Alessio Miatto Lone Ross Lizhen Huang Daniel Beat MuellerAbstract
Abstract The building sector accounts for a significant share of global material stocks and embodied greenhouse gas emissions. Material intensity (MI), defined as construction materials per unit floor area, is a key metric for understanding resource use and environmental performance. Existing approaches estimate MI for specific building types and cohorts but rarely explore additional factors that influence the structural element requirements. This study refines traditional methods by incorporating building geometry, number of floors, geographical context, construction methods, and regulatory changes, using Norwegian residential buildings as a case study. We focus on stud use in exterior walls to understand how their MI (kg/m 2 ) varies across buildings. Our correlation analysis reveals that construction year (ρ = 0.69) and energy efficiency standards (ρ = 0.51) are associated with higher MI of studs while building length shows a notable negative correlation (ρ = –0.38). Timber stud MI increases with footprint complexity and number of floors but decreases as building length and floor area grow. Snow load further contributes to increased stud MI. Studs' MI also varies across periods, reflecting changes in regulations and construction practices. These findings enhance our understanding of material use drivers in timber structures and provide a foundation for developing more nuanced building stock models to improve resource efficiency assessments and support targeted climate mitigation strategies.
Abstract
Abstract Incidence of the spruce gall adelgid ( Adelges abietis ; “spruce gall aphid” sensu common usage) was assessed as presence/absence in Norway spruce trials in Norway. The trial series comprised a long-term provenance test, a short-term provenance test (36 provenances), three diallel populations (10×10, 10×10, 9×9), a 10×10 factorial cross (100 families), and a clonal test (40 clones). Substantial genetic variation in gall incidence was observed among provenances, among families, and among clones within families. Provenances transferred from low- to mid-elevation Central Europe exhibited higher gall incidence than Nordic and Baltic origins, whereas high-elevation Central European material showed lower incidence. Family-level variation was detected in both natural-population diallels and breeding-population factorial material; a strong agreement was observed between family and derived clone performance (family–clone r ≈ 0.91). Variance-component analyses indicated predominantly additive genetic control, with additional non-additive effects in some crosses. Corresponding narrow-sense heritability estimates were low to moderate (≈ 0.06–0.22). Site effects were evident, with higher expression associated with greater vigor on fertile soils in some trials. Overall, the results indicate that selection for reduced galling is feasible and that provenance choice and site fertility should be considered in deployment and climate-adaptation strategies.
Authors
Lampros LamprinakisAbstract
No abstract has been registered
Abstract
No abstract has been registered