Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2024
Forfattere
Tatsiana Espevig Kristine Sundsdal Victoria Stornes Moen Erik Lysøe Monica Skogen Marina Usoltseva Kate Entwistle Sabine Braitmaier Carlos Guerrero Karin NormanSammendrag
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Manures are potentially both a source of nutrients for plants and a source of pollution. Manure produced depends on animal densities and type rather than plants need. Over time, this has enriched soils with P and organic N. The challenge is maximal nutrient recycling and minimal pollution from the manure used for plant production. To investigate the optimal seasonal distribution of manure, field experiments were carried out in 2022 and 2023 on grassland in three agricultural regions in Norway. Three distributions of cattle slurry at 30 kg P ha–1 were tested, with or without additional N fertilizer. These were compared with control treatments without slurry: no fertilizer, and compound NPK and NK fertilizers. Different distributions had little effect on grass yield and uptake of P and N. Applying a larger proportion of manure in spring increased grass yield, while additional mineral N fertilizer significantly increased yield but reduced N use efficiency. Slurry alone gave a P surplus, while added mineral N fertilizer allowed a net mining of P. There seems therefore to be a trade-off regarding whether the efficient use of N or P is to be prioritized. The decision should likely depend on required yields as well as local pollution risks.
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Eucalyptus plantations are a notable source of income for smallholders and private landowners in Thailand. The main uses of eucalyptus are for energy purposes and as pulpwood, sawn timber, and veneer. Among private eucalyptus forest owners there is a need for decision support tools that can help in optimizing tree bucking, according to the available properties of the site and bucking patterns. The precise characterization of plantation properties is key to delivering appropriate timber assortment to markets and optimizing timber value. Our study has developed and tested dynamic and linear programming models for optimizing the tree bucking of eucalyptus trees. To achieve this, tree taper curves for use in volumetric models were defined for optimization. Our results indicate that both the tree spacing and the increment of diameter of breast height are significant factors when estimating profitability. The income would be significantly higher if bucking timber in different assortments were used, instead of the current approach of selling as bulk based on mass. For implementation, we created a free mobile application for android phones (EVO—eucalyptus value chain optimization) to utilize the study results at the grass root-level.
Forfattere
Marta VergarecheaSammendrag
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Sammendrag
Lingonberry (Vaccinium vitis-idaea L.) grows in a range of nature types in the boreal zone, and understanding factors affecting the abundance of the plant, as well as mapping its spatial distribution, is important. The abundance of the species can be an indicator of ecosystem changes, and lingonberry can also be a source for commercial utilisation of berry resources. Using country-wide data from 6404 field plots of the Norwegian national forest inventory (NFI), we modelled the relationship between lingonberry cover and airborne laser scanning (ALS) and satellite metrics and bioclimatic variables describing the forest structure, terrain, soil properties and climate using a generalised mixed-effects model with a quasipoisson distribution. The validation carried out with an independent set of 2124 NFI plots indicated no obvious bias in predictions. The most important predictors were found to be interactions between dominant tree species, stand basal area and latitude, as well as the reflectance in the near-infrared band from Sentinel-2 satellite imagery, the dominant height based on the ALS variable and the long-term mean summer (June–August) temperature. The results provide an indicator of the effects of global warming, as well as the possibility of giving forest management prescriptions that favour lingonberry and locating the most abundant lingonberry sites in Norwegian forests.
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Forfattere
C. Jayasuriya C. Palliyaguru V. Basnayake R. K. Makumbura Miyuru Gunathilake U. RathnayakeSammendrag
Soil erosion is a significant environmental issue in most mountainous areas and is further exacerbated due to ongoing climatic changes and anthropogenic activities. Soil erosion not only triggers natural disasters like landslides but also degrades the fertile topsoil layers. Therefore, modeling and evaluation of soil erosion in mountainous areas and river basins are highly important. The Uma Oya River Basin (UORB), Sri Lanka is an area with rich biodiversity and is also important for agricultural production. Moreover, this area is frequently discussed due to the ongoing developments of the Uma Oya Project. This paper presents a comprehensive evaluation of soil erosion in the UORB and results are compared for two decades from 2000 to 2020. The Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) was used to determine the annual soil erosion rates. In addition, the spatial-temporal variation of land use and land cover was assessed in the UORB. Results revealed that extreme soil erosion scenarios occur when forests and other vegetation lands are converted to agricultural lands and farmlands. We found that soil loss in the area largely happened due to steep slopes, reduction of vegetation and forest covers, and growth of cultivation lands. Erosion-prone areas in the river basin are identified and conservation strategies are discussed. In addition, the impact of the ongoing climate change on the UORB is highlighted.