Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2012
Forfattere
Nina JohansenSammendrag
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Sammendrag
Light-emitting diodes (LEDs), high-pressure sodium lamps (HPSLs) and some cladding materials offer possibilities of influencing arthropod integrated pest management in greenhouse crops where light quality, quantity and photoperiod differ from nature. Light intensity, photoperiod and wavelength distribution affect plant functions and quality which, in turn, can be reflected in the performance of herbivores. The attenuation of UV-light in HPSL spectrum and in the natural winter daylight of northern latitudes may make plants more vulnerable to pests, whereas the high ratio of red to far-red of HPSLs may act to compensate for the effects of attenuated UV-levels. High red to far red ratio has been shown to result in increased production of plant phenolics and physical defences such as leaf toughness, which, in turn, can negatively influence the performance of some herbivore guilds on plants. Specific spectra produced by LEDs can influence plant quality and hence herbivore performance, but direct effects on arthropods can be even more pronounced, such as the inability to visually locat host plants in red and blue lights. Other direct effects of artificial light on pests and beneficial organisms include the detrimental effect of UV-C and UV-B on arthropods, diapause prevention by species-specific wavelengths or photoperiods, attraction to yellow-green and polarized light, reduced visibility of host or prey, and changes in take-off behaviour. Other effects include response to light intensity, interactive effects of light quality and photoperiod on fecundity, and species-specific effects of continuous light on the population growth of arthropods and plant-infesting fungi as well as the rhythmic expression of xenobiotic metabolising genes in arthropods. The potential of using the knowledge of photobiology and visual ecology of organisms for plant protection are discussed using whiteflies and fungal diseases of plants as the model species.
Sammendrag
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Forfattere
Therese With BergeSammendrag
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Sammendrag
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Forfattere
Therese With BergeSammendrag
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Forfattere
Even Riiser Ingrid Holtsmark Hege Særvold Steen S. Swaminathan Navin Khanna Ralph Bock Jihong Liu ClarkeSammendrag
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Forfattere
Even Riiser Ingrid Holtsmark Hege Særvold Steen S. Swaminathan Navin Khanna Ralph Bock Jihong Liu ClarkeSammendrag
The global spread of dengue fever threatens a large percentage of the world’s population. The disease causes great human suffering, a high mortality from dengue haemorrhagic fever and its complications, and major costs. There is currently no vaccine to prevent dengue virus infection. Our project aims to express a tetravalent vaccine candidate in tobacco chloroplasts, a cost effective system, and hence to contribute to innovation and bio-economy as a long term goal.
Sammendrag
Hos alle de overvåkete treslagene, gran, furu og bjørk, ble det i 2011 registrert en nedgang i kronetetthet i forhold til året før. Dette er første året med synkende kronetetthet etter tre sesonger på rad med en tydelig bedring for de tre overvåkete treslagene. Tilsvarende ble det observert økt misfarging hos alle treslagene. Det ble registrert relativt få biotiske og abiotiske skader på gran og furu i 2011, mens nesten en tredjedel av bjørketrærne var skadet, for det meste av målere eller bjørkerustsopp. I denne rapporten presenteres resultatene fra den landsrepresentative skogovervåkingen som Norsk institutt for skog og landskap utførte i 2011. Resultatene er gitt for skoghelseparametere som kronetetthet, kronefarge og skader hos henholdsvis gran, furu og bjørk. I 2011 ble 1774 flater fordelt over hele landet oppsøkt. Kronetilstanden ble bedømt på totalt 9968 trær, hvorav 4488 grantrær, 3103 furutrær og 2377 bjørketrær....
Sammendrag
The relative frequency of Therrya fuckelii and T. pini fruiting on dead branches of Scots pine was investigated in southern Norway by examining lightning-damaged and wind-fallen trees, randomly collected branches and Nordic herbarium collections of these ascomycetes representing the order Rhytismatales. Ascus, ascospore, and subhymenium characteristics were used as criteria for species identification, while a sequence analysis of ITS rDNA gene cluster was performed to compare the relatedness of the species to each other and to corresponding fungal sequences available at the NCBI GenBank Sequence Database. In a few cases, the two Therrya species co-occurred on the same branch, but in general, whether field or herbarium material, T. fuckelii was clearly more common than T. pini.Within the Nordic countries, both species occurred throughout the natural distribution area of Scots pine. The ITS rDNA sequence of T. pini strains was 91% similar to T. fuckelii strains, the differences locating both within the internal transcribed spacers ITS1 and ITS2 and the 5.8 S rDNA gene. More variation in the ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 sequence was observed among T. pini than T. fuckelii samples; genetic implications of this finding are discussed. Upon sequence analysis, we discovered that a T. pini sequence has been deposited in the NCBI GenBank under a false identity. We emphasize the importance of co-examining strains that originate from mature fruit bodies with fully developed morphologic features as reference samples.