Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2025
Forfattere
Monica Sanden Eirill Ager-Wick Johanna Eva Bodin Nur Duale Anne-Marthe Ganes Jevnaker Kristian Prydz Volha Shapaval Ville Erling Sipinen Tage ThorstensenSammendrag
The Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food and Environment (VKM) has assessed an application for approval of the genetically modified maize DAS1131 for food and feed uses, import and processing in the EU. In accordance with an assignment specified by the Norwegian Food Safety Authority (NFSA) and the Norwegian Environment Agency (NEA), VKM assesses whether genetically modified organisms (GMOs) intended for the European market can pose risks to human or animal health, or the environment in Norway. VKM assesses the scientific documentation regarding GMO applications seeking approval for use of GMOs as food and feed, processing, or cultivation. The EU Regulation 1829/2003/EC (Regulation) covers living GMOs that fall under the Norwegian Gene Technology Act, as well as processed food and feed from GMOs (dead material) that fall under the Norwegian Food Act. The regulation is currently not part of the EEA agreement or implemented in Norwegian law. Norway conducts its own assessments of GMO applications in preparation for the possible implementation of the Regulation. In accordance with the assignment by NFSA and NEA, VKM assesses GMO applications during scientific hearings initiated by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), as well as after EFSA has published its own risk assessment of a GMO, up until EU member countries vote for or against approval in the EU Commission. The assignment is divided into three stages. (link) Genetically modified maize DAS1131 DAS1131 is a genetically modified maize developed by Agrobacterium tumefaciens -mediated transformation. Maize DAS1131 plants contain the transgenes cry1Da2 and dgt-28 epsps which encode the protein Cry1Da2 and the enzyme DGT-28 EPSPS, respectively. Cry1Da2 provides resistance to certain susceptible Lepidopteran (order of butterflies and moths) pests and the enzyme DGT-28 EPSPS provides tolerance to glyphosate-based herbicides. VKM has assessed the documentation in application GMFF-2021-1530 and EFSA's scientific opinion on genetically modified maize DAS1131. VKM concludes that the applicant's scientific documentation for the genetically modified maize DAS1131 is satisfactory for risk assessment, and in accordance with EFSA guidelines for risk assessment of genetically modified plants for food or feed uses. The genetic modifications in maize DAS1131do not indicate an increased health or environmental risk in Norway compared with EU countries. EFSA's risk assessment is therefore sufficient also for Norwegian conditions. As no specific Norwegian conditions have been identified regarding properties of the genetically modified maize DAS1131, VKM's GMO panel has not performed a complete risk assessment of the maize. About the assignment: In stage 1, VKM shall assess the health and environmental risks of the genetically modified organism and derived products in connection with the EFSA scientific hearing of GMO applications. VKM shall review the scientific documentation that the applicant has submitted and possibly provide comments to EFSA. VKM must also consider: i) whether there are specific Norwegian conditions that could give other risks in Norway than those mentioned in the application, ii) whether the Norwegian diet presents a different health risk for the Norwegian population should the GMO be approved, compared to the European population, and iii) risks associated with co-existence with conventional and/or ecologic production of plants for GMOs seeking approval for cultivation. Relevant measures to ensure co-existence must also be considered. In stage 2, VKM shall assess whether comments from Norway have been satisfactorily answered by EFSA. In addition, VKM shall assess whether comments from other countries imply need for further follow-up. (...)
Forfattere
Marit Skuterud VennatrøSammendrag
Korncystenematoder er vanlige skadegjørere i korn, som trives spesielt godt der det drives ensidig vekstskifte. Den vanligste arten i Norge er havrecystenematode (Heterodera avenae). Havrecystenematode er påvist i forbindelse med skade i havre, vårhvete, bygg, rug og mais, mens rugcystenematoden i tillegg kan gjøre skade i høstkorn om høsten.
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Stein Joar Hegland Hedda Victoria Barfod Ørbæk Bjørn Arild Hatteland Aud Helen Halbritter Mark Andrew Kusk GillespieSammendrag
Plant dependence on pollinator-aided reproduction may decrease with colder andmore unstable climates, for example at higher elevations. Correspondingly, plant pop-ulations may also be more pollen limited in alpine than in lowlands or under moreoptimal conditions. However, such expectations have largely been investigated acrossspecies, and rarely among populations within a species. The findings of such stud-ies may have implications for predictions of plant sexual reproduction in a changingclimate. We combined a bagging experiment of Vaccinium myrtillus (bilberry) flowerswith a supplemental pollen experiment at three sites along an elevational gradient at100, 500 and 900 m a.s.l. in a mild boreal climate, by the Sognefjord, Norway. Ourgoal was to investigate the variation in reproductive success and pollen limitation ina functionally important plant species, V. myrtillus, and to test whether the outcomesmay be dependent on insect flower visitation and climatic context (i.e. temperaturerelated to elevation). Our experimental treatments clearly affected reproductive suc-cess of V. myrtillus. Bagging of flowers reduced the fruit set close to zero, whereassupplemental pollination resulted in 30% higher fruit set. However, fruit set effectsappeared to be independent of elevation in the current study. Total number of seedswas highest at the optimal mid-site location, but here the proportion of mature seedswas also lowest. Our results clearly showed that the reproductive success of V. myrtillusdepends on pollinator visitation and benefits from extra pollen supply, but that theseeffects appeared to be independent of the climatic context
Forfattere
Christophe Moni Eva Farkas Claire Coutris Hanna Marika Silvennoinen Anders Aas Marit Almvik Liang Wang Kathinka Lang Liu Xingang Marianne StenrødSammendrag
Biochar and pesticides are likely to be increasingly used in combination in agricultural soils, yet their combined effects on climate change mitigation remain unexplored. This study presents an 8-month incubation experiment with different soil types (silt loam and sandy loam), biochars (corncob and corn stem), and pesticides (with and without a pesticide mixture), during which CO2 production from soil organic matter (SOM) and biochar mineralisation was monitored using isotopic methods. A comprehensive modelling approach, describing all mineralisation results over the entire incubation with a reduced set of parameters, was employed to isolate the effects of biochar, pesticides, and their interactions across soil types and carbon pools, and captured the dynamic effect of biochar on SOM mineralisation. Over 99.5% of biochars remained inert after 8 months, confirming the role of biochar as a carbon sequestration technology. Biochar addition showed higher SOM stabilisation potential in soil with high clay content compared to soil with low clay content. This suggests that biochar amendment should be considered carefully in clay-depleted soils, as it could result in a loss of native SOM. Corn stem biochar, characterised by high surface area and low C/N ratio, demonstrated higher SOM stabilisation potential than corncob biochar with low surface area and high C/N ratio. Pesticide application reduced SOM mineralisation by 10% regardless of soil and biochar types. Finally, the interaction between corncob biochar and pesticides further reduced SOM mineralisation by 5%, while no interactive effect was observed with corn stem biochar. These findings highlight the importance of considering biochar-pesticide interactions when evaluating the impact of biochar amendments on native SOM stability.
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Magne Nordang Skårn Chloé Grieu Anne-Grete Roer Hjelkrem Katherine Ann Gredvig Nielsen Silje Kvist Simonsen Nora Steinkopf Anne Kjersti Uhlen Guro BrodalSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Magne Nordang Skårn Chloé Grieu Anne-Grete Roer Hjelkrem Katherine Ann Gredvig Nielsen Silje Kvist Simonsen Nora Steinkopf Anne Kjersti Uhlen Guro BrodalSammendrag
Chocolate spot (CS) is one of the most destructive diseases affecting faba beans worldwide, leading to yield reductions of up to 90% in susceptible cultivars under conducive environmental conditions. Traditionally, the disease has been attributed to the fungal pathogens Botrytis fabae and Botrytis cinerea, however recent studies have identified three additional Botrytis species capable of causing the disease. Fungicide applications during flowering are commonly used to control the disease and limit damage to pod set, but this approach is not always effective. The reasons for this lack of control are not fully understood. To increase our understanding of the CS species complex in Norway, we used species-specific PCR to identify different Botrytis species in symptomatic leaves collected at various locations and years. Some Botrytis species are known to be high-risk pathogens for fungicide resistance development, but resistance in Norwegian Botrytis populations in faba bean have not previously been studied. Therefore, we obtained Botrytis isolates from diseased leaves and used a mycelial growth assay to assess their response to the active ingredients (boscalid and pyraclostrobin) in the fungicide commonly used for CS control in Norway. Resistance to both boscalid and pyraclostrobin was detected among B. cinerea isolates, while only resistance to boscalid was detected among B. fabae isolates. To elucidate resistance mechanisms, we analyzed target gene sequences for the presence of mutations known to confer resistance to the two active ingredients. Field experiments were conducted to test the efficacy of various spray timings and fungicides in early and late faba bean varieties. Additionally, we are developing a disease risk model for CS to better understand the conditions that lead to disease and to improve the timing of fungicide applications.
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Oda Eline Sandmo ÅneslandSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag