Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2025
Sammendrag
Sweet cherries are grown in areas with suitable local climatic conditions up to 60°N in Norway. All orchards have high density planting systems and are rain covered from the bloom to the end of the harvest. All orchards are fertigated and the production is aimed to supply the domestic market with high quality fruit from early July and to the end of August. At NIBIO Ullensvang a large number of sweet cherry cultivars and advanced selections from worldwide breeding programs have been evaluated continuously since 1959. However, despite of relatively extensive list of recommended cultivars, cv. 'Lapins' has become dominant with 60% of the total sweet cherry volume in Norway, and causes high pressure in the market when too much fruit are delivered at the same time. The most effective way to extend the cherry market season is an introduction and cultivation of new early or late ripening sweet cherry cultivars. During the last years, approximately fifty cultivars and advanced selections have been evaluated. Along with earlier recommended cultivars ‘Folfer’, ‘Van’, ‘Lapins’, ‘Regina’ and ‘Sweetheart’, the following cultivars can be recommended for extended testing commercially: a) for early season: ‘Adelka’ (for local market), ‘Sweet Aryana’ and ‘Bellise’ (primary for local market), b) for mid-season: ‘Edit’, ‘Brooks’ (limited testing) and ‘Grace Star’, c) for late season: ’SPC 342’, ‘LaLa Star’, ‘Royal Edie’, ‘Tamara’ and ‘Royal Helen’.
Sammendrag
Det trengs mer kunnskap om hvordan nitrogeneffektiviteten i jordbruket kan økes gjennom resirkulering av organiske avfallsressurser på en måte som minimerer negative miljøkonsekvenser. Som en av tre delrapporter fra prosjektet «Kunnskap om økt nitrogeneffektivitet gjennom resirkulering» gir denne rapporten en oversikt over nitrogenkilder og -strømmer i norsk jordbruk. Nitrogenmengder i husdyrgjødsel, mineralgjødsel og gjødselkilder som matavfall, avløpsslam, fiskeslam og fiskeensilasje er estimert regionalt. Tilgjengelige mengder av organiske avfallsressurser utgjør ca. 7000 tonn nitrogen per år. Til sammenligning håndteres ca. 100 000 tonn nitrogen i husdyrgjødsel og vel 90 000 tonn nitrogen i mineralgjødsel i jordbruket. Fylkesvise nitrogentap til vann fra jordbruksarealer er beregnet med AGRITIL-N-modellen. Nitrogentap til luft fra gjødsling og gjødselhåndtering er estimert nasjonalt basert på data fra klimagassregnskapet.
Forfattere
Abel Gizaw Seid Dimitar Dimitrov Catherine Aloyce Masao Felly Mugizi Tusiime Tigist Woldimu Ahmed Abdikadir Abdi, Desalegn Chala Galina Gusarova virginia Mirré Mulugeta Kebede Rosalia Pineiro Mary Namaganda Pilar Catalan Manuel Pimentel Pierre Taberlet Hans Peter Linder Magnus Popp Gerald Eilu Pantaleo Munishi Geoffrey Mwachala Sileshi Nemomissa Christian BrochmannSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
Litter decomposition is coupled to carbon (C) sequestration through C release to the atmosphere, C transformation and nutrient release to the soil. We investigated if clear-cutting has long-term effects on this vital ecological process and consequently on C dynamics in boreal forests using twelve pairs of previously clear-cut and near-natural forests. Three litterbag experiments were conducted using (I) standardised spruce and bilberry litter, (II) melanised and non-melanised fungal necromass and (III) rooibos and green tea. We found weak and inconsistent effects of harvesting history, that did not depend on litter quality or mesofauna exclusion. Litter quality was more important in explaining net mass remaining for fungal necromass than for aboveground plant litter. Mesofauna exclusion had only marginal effects on initial litter decomposition. Results obtained with the highly standardised Tea Bag Index were not readily comparable to those of the plant litter or fungal necromass and we therefore question its use in this regional context. Further, we show that net mass or C remaining in the litterbags do not correlate consistently with in situ soil respiration. This finding is discussed in relation to previous measurements of soil C fluxes from the same system. In conclusion, we suggest that potential disturbances to the physical environment or the capacity of the decomposer community to facilitate litter decomposition are no longer clearly evident when clear-cut stands approach maturity.
Forfattere
Elisabet Nadeau Qasim Mashood Romuald Cazes Håvard Steinshamn Matilda Johansson Anna HessleSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Juan Manuel Gorospe Eliska Zaveska Desalegn Chala Abel Gizaw Seid Felly Mugizi Tusiime Lovisa Gustafsson Lubomir Pialek Filip Kolář Christian Brochmann Roswitha SchmicklSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Lucía D. Moreyra Cristina Roquet Alfonso Susanna Siri Birkeland Carme Blanco‐Gavaldà Christian Brochmann Desalegn Chala Mercè Galbany‐Casals Abel Gizaw Seid Juan Antonio CallejaSammendrag
ABSTRACT Aim We investigated the biogeographic history and diversification dynamics of Afrocarduus , an Afromontane–Afroalpine genus endemic to eastern Africa. We aimed to assess the roles of geographic isolation, habitat transitions, and ecological speciation in shaping current diversity. Location The Afromontane and Afroalpine regions of East Africa and Ethiopia are situated along the Great Rift Valley system. Taxon Afrocarduus (Compositae: Carduinae), a genus comprising 18 endemic species. Methods We conducted a comprehensive taxonomic and geographic sampling of Afrocarduus , generating data from 489 nuclear loci. Phylogenomic and biogeographic ancestral estimation analyses were performed to infer the evolutionary history and historical biogeography of the genus. Results Afrocarduus originated in the Afromontane zone of eastern Africa during the Late Miocene (~10.7 Ma), with major diversification events occurring in the Early Pleistocene (~2.3 Ma). Most dispersal events occurred between neighbouring massifs, though occasional long‐distance dispersal between disjunct mountain systems was detected. The Turkana Depression and the Great Rift Valley have acted as major biogeographic barriers. Phylogenetic structure shows distinct clades occupying different regions. Ecological divergence between Afromontane and Afroalpine environments contributed to speciation, with at least six independent adaptations to Afroalpine conditions and multiple cases of ecological reversal. Stem loss, a trait associated with alpine habitats, evolved convergently in two clades. Closely related species often segregate by elevation or microhabitat within the same massif. Main Conclusions The diversification of Afrocarduus has been shaped by a combination of historical climate change, geographic isolation, and ecological adaptation. Our results emphasise the importance of ecological speciation and habitat transitions in Afrotemperate plant evolution and highlight the need for further research on understudied Afromontane taxa, especially under the threat of ongoing climate change.
Forfattere
Lucía D. Moreyra Juan Antonio Calleja Cristina Roquet Siri Birkeland Carme Blanco‐Gavaldà Mercè Galbany‐Casals Abel Gizaw Seid Frederik Leliaert Christian Brochmann Alfonso SusannaSammendrag
Abstract Accurate species delimitation is crucial for biodiversity research, as it significantly impacts taxonomy, ecology, and conservation. Recent advances in molecular phylogenetics and integrative taxonomy have improved classifications and resolved long‐standing taxonomic uncertainties. Here, we use Hyb‐Seq (489 nuclear loci) and phylogenomic approaches to investigate Afrocarduus , a genus endemic to tropical Afromontane and Afroalpine regions. Our analyses reveal 16 evolutionary lineages within this relatively young genus (crown age 2.3 Mya), with new morphological data strongly supporting the recognition of each lineage as a distinct species. We demonstrate that the stemless habit evolved independently in species from the Ethiopian Highlands and the East African Rift System (EARS). Notably, we show that the concept of the stemless Afrocarduus schimperi adopted by the Flora of Tropical East Africa, in fact, comprises seven clearly recognizable species, which we formally reinstate. Unexpectedly, the stemmed Afrocarduus nyassanus was recovered as paraphyletic with Afrocarduus ruwenzoriensis nested within it, probably due to incomplete lineage sorting or hybridization. Additionally, the stemmed Afrocarduus keniensis may represent a complex of cryptic species, and we describe a new stemmed species from southern Ethiopia, Afrocarduus kazmi sp. nov. We expand the number of accepted species in Afrocarduus from eight, as recognized in the Flora of Tropical East Africa, to 18 (including two species for which we were not able to obtain molecular data). Our study thus highlights a substantial prior underestimation of the diversity of Afrocarduus in Afromontane and Afroalpine habitats.
Forfattere
M. Pecurul-Botines A. Giurca H. Pülzl K. Niedzialkowski M. Brockhaus L. Bouriaud V. Brukas S. Hajtmarova M.A. Hoogstra-Klein A. Konczal L. Marcinekova Knut Øistad Š. Pezdevšek Malovrh N. Pietarinen L. Secco J.-L. Roux B. Wolfslehner G. WinkelSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
F Durand-Maniclas H Heinemann F Seidel F Ciulla Teresa Gómez de la Bárcena M Camenzind S Corrado Z Csűrös Zs Czakó D Eylenbosch Andrea Ficke C Flamm J M Herrera V Horáková A Hund F Lüddeke F Platz B Poós Daniel Rasse M da Silva-Lopes M Toleikienė A Veršulienė M Visse-Mansiaux K Yu A Don J HirteSammendrag
Abstract Background and aims Understanding the relationship of root traits and crop performance under varying environmental conditions facilitates the exploitation of root characteristics in breeding and variety testing to maintain crop yields under climate change. Therefore, we (1) evaluated differences in root length and surface area between ten winter wheat varieties grown at 11 sites in Europe covering a large pedoclimatic gradient, (2) quantified differences in root response to soil, climate and management conditions between varieties, and (3) evaluated variety-specific relationships of grain yield and root length and surface area under diverse environmental conditions. Methods At each site, we sampled the roots to 1 m soil depth after harvest and determined various root traits by scanning and image analysis. The impacts of soil, climate and management on roots and yield of the ten varieties were analysed by means of multivariate mixed models. Key results Root length averaged 1.4 m root piece−1, 5007 m root m−2 soil, and 5300 m root m−2 soil and root surface area 0.039 m2 root piece−1, 40 m2 root m−2 soil, and 43 m2 root m−2 soil in 0.00–0.15 m, 0.15–0.50 m, 0.50–1.00 m soil depth, respectively. The variation in both traits was 10 times higher between sites than varieties, the latter ranging by a factor of 2 within sites. Irrespective of variety, temperature was a major driver of subsoil root traits, suggesting that warmer climates promoted root growth in deeper soil layers. Other soil and climate variables affected root length and/or root surface area of individual varieties, highlighting different degrees of root plasticity. The varieties displayed distinctly different relationships between yield and root traits under varying pedoclimatic conditions, highlighting genetic differences in yield response to environmentally driven root plasticity. Conclusions These findings suggest that breeding efforts should target flexible root–yield relationships in the subsoil to maintain crop performance under climate change.