Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2026
Forfattere
Akhil Reddy Pashapu Sigridur Dalmannsdottir Marit Jørgensen Odd Arne Rognli Mallikarjuna Rao KoviSammendrag
The predicted increase in frequency and duration of winter warming episodes (WWEs) at higher northern latitudes is expected to negatively impact the forage production in this region. The formation of non-permeable ice cover due to WWEs creates hypoxic or anoxic conditions for plants, leading to severe winter damage. Knowledge about molecular mechanisms underlying various winter stresses, including ice encasement, is crucial to develop cultivars with better winter survival under changing climatic conditions. To date, very little is known about the molecular stress responses under ice encasement stress. To address this knowledge gap, in this study, we aimed to study ice encasement stress responses at the molecular level in the perennial forage grass timothy (Phleum pratense L.) by RNAseq. Genes encoding ethylene-responsive transcription factors, alcohol dehydrogenase 3, pyruvate decarboxylase 2, pyruvate kinase 1, dehydrins, early response to dehydration 15, glutathione reductase, and superoxide dismutase were highly upregulated under ice encasement conditions. KEGG enrichment analysis identified glycolysis, glutathione metabolism, and fructose and mannose metabolism as highly enriched among upregulated genes, whereas photosynthesis, flavonoid biosynthesis, motor proteins, and glycerolipid metabolism were highly enriched among downregulated genes. As initially hypothesized based on the nature of stress, the results indicate a substantial overlap of ice encasement stress responses with those of hypoxia and freezing stresses. Based on our findings and a comprehensive literature review on freezing and hypoxia stress responses, together with physiological studies of plants under ice encasement, we outline the potential mechanisms behind higher ice encasement tolerance in timothy.
Forfattere
Randi Berland FrøsethSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Ingunn Berget Atle Wehn Hegnes Mari Øvrum Gaarder Valerie Lengard Almli Geir Wæhler GustavsenSammendrag
Consumers play a key role in the much-needed transition to a more sustainable food system. However, consumers' willingness and ability to undergo behavioural changes may depend on personality traits as well as their motivation and awareness of the need for a more sustainable food consumption. Segmentation of consumers can therefore be useful for understanding individual differences and for the development of targeted interventions for behavioural changes. In this paper, an instrument to profile and classify Norwegian consumers is developed using a national representative sample (N = 3600). The proposed instrument comprises twenty items to measure personality traits defined by a condensed version of the Big Five Inventory as well as seven items related to attitudes to food waste, reuse and recycling. Three segments characterised by differences in openness to experience, and attitudes to food waste and reuse/recycling were identified. The segments are profiled on habits related to purchase behaviour, meal planning, as well as frequency of meat and vegetable consumption. Based on the profiles, the segments were labelled Need to Change (30%), Want to Change (41%) and Hard to Change (29%) emphasizing either low concern about food waste (Need to Change), higher concern and openness to change (Want to Change) or low scores on openness (Hard to Change). We propose that the developed instrument can be applied for profiling consumers in the Norwegian context, for tailoring consumer interventions. The study underscores that supporting the food system transition requires differentiated consumer strategies: engaging the motivated, empowering the open, and carefully reaching the resistant.
Sammendrag
This study quantified field-scale nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) removal by crop harvests, balances, and use efficiencies in 14 grass fields in the Timebekken catchment. Measurements of grass yields, nutrient concentrations, manure composition, and soil properties across multiple fields and farms were combined with survey data. Results showed large variation across farms and fields in day matter yield, nutrient inputs, removals, balances, and use efficiencies. Annual dry matter yield ranged 6,830–12,800 kg ha-1 (mean 9,010 kg ha-1) in 2024 and 7,480–12,130 kg ha⁻¹ (mean 9,800 kg ha⁻¹) in 2025. In 2024, nutrient inputs as mineral fertilizers and manure ranged 169–362 kg N ha⁻¹ (mean 240 kg ha⁻¹) and 23–57 kg P ha⁻¹ (mean 40 kg ha⁻¹). Corresponding nutrient removal ranged 150–303 kg N ha⁻¹ (mean 220 kg ha⁻¹) and 22–40 kg P ha⁻¹ (mean 29 kg ha⁻¹). Nutrient balances ranged from −111 to +182 kg ha⁻¹ (+14 kg ha⁻¹) for N and from −14 to +35 kg ha⁻¹ (12 kg ha⁻¹) for P. Nutrient use efficiency (input∕removal) ranged 50%–166% (mean 100%) for N and 38%–160% (mean 80%) for P. Overall, results indicate consistent management within farms but clear differences between farms, and therefore substantial potential for improving fertilizer and manure precision while maintaining yields. Phosphorus yield exceeded 27 kg ha-1 in several fields, in some 35 kg ha-1, which are the maximal allowed fertilizer limits from 2033. This substantiates farmers’ concerns about these limits being too low, yet average P inputs still exceeded crop demand. Despite lower topsoil P-AL in 2023 than in 2005, soil P status remained high, likely sustaining yields under stricter P limits. Elevated subsoil P highlights long-term loss risks and the need for targeted mitigation measures in hotspot areas. The study also calls for more monitoring of manure nutrients, yields, and soil P properties.
Forfattere
Marie Vestergaard Henriksen Annette Bär Ulrike Bayr Magda Karlo Bjørn Arild Hatteland Anne Muola Line Johansen Steffen Adler Emilie Risdal Danielsen Therese Birkeland Fossøy Gunda ThömingSammendrag
Et bærekraftig jordbruk må bevare naturens evne til å levere økosystemtjenester. Samtidig har en rekke studier dokumentert en global nedgang i insektbestander, noe som truer viktige økosystemtjenester som insektpollinering og biologisk kontroll av skadedyr med naturlige fiender. I Norge er det insekter som bier, fluer, marihøner, gulløyer og snyltevepser som bidrar med disse økosystemtjenestene. Det nye rammeverket Integrert plante- og pollinatorvern (IPPV) har som målsetting å samordne tiltak som styrker både biologisk kontroll av skadedyr med naturlige fiender og insektpollinering i matproduksjonen. I IPPV iverksettes det forebyggende tiltak som over tid øker mangfoldet av ressurser for ulike typer av insekter i kulturlandskapet med mål om å gi en mer stabil levering av økosystemtjenester til produksjonen i åkeren. I denne rapporten vurderer vi relevansen av IPPV rammeverket for norske matproduksjonssystemer og undersøker hvordan eksisterende tiltak og kartlag kan utnyttes i implementeringen av IPPV i norsk jordbruksforvaltning. Vi gir noen anbefalinger til hvordan rammeverket og konkrete tiltak kan iverksettes i norsk jordbruk. Den helhetlige tilnærmingen IPPV har for å sikre økosystemer og arter er viktig for jordbrukets bærekraft og matsikkerheten.
Sammendrag
Biologisk mangfald er i tilbakegang verda over som følgje av menneskeleg aktivitet. Langs norskekysten er naturtypen kystlynghei (CR) truga på grunn av manglande skjøtsel og arealendringar. Samstundes har mange pollinerande insekt stor nytte av ressursane i kystlyngheia. I nyare tid har birøkt hatt stor auke i Noreg, og i tillegg til å vere ein pollinator, er honningbia eit husdyr beskytta under Dyrevelferdslova. Det har vore mykje diskusjon om honningbier påverkar ville pollinatorar negativt. På bestilling frå Statsforvaltaren i Vestland vart det i 2025 gjennomført ei kartlegging av pollinatorar i det framlagte naturreservatet sørvestre Bømlo. Feltarbeidet omfatta innsamling av pollinatorar frå mai til august 2025 på to lokalitetar innanfor verneframlegget. Totalt vart det samla 248 individ frå 86 ulike artar, der 190 av individa og 41 artar er pollinerande. Fangstdata viste lågare førekomst av ville bier i august, når røsslyngen er i blom, samstundes som fangsten av honningbier var på topp. Resultata og diskusjonen syner at både tilstand i kystlynghei, høg tettleik av honningbier og klima kan ha påverknad på ville pollinatorar i kystlyngheia. Vi har difor bedt forvaltninga om å praktisere føre-var-prinsippet. Aktiv skjøtsel av kystlyngheia er dessutan sentralt både for naturverdiane og for berekraftig birøkt. For å få ei reell forståing av pollinatorsamfunnet i det kartlagde området og eventuell påverknad frå honningbier, trengst det likevel meir omfattande studiar.
Forfattere
José Luís Trevizan Chiomento Nícolas Alberton Mandelli Ana Júlia Schroeder Ely Matheus Welter Henrique Didó Maria Antônia Lacourt Oliveira Bruna Jirkowski Francisco Wilson Reichert Junior Mateus Possebon Bortoluzzi Rafael Rieder Thomas dos Santos Trentin Anita SønstebySammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
Rapporten analyserer sentrale dilemmaer i overgangen til et mer bærekraftig norsk matsystem. Gjennom modellanalyse vurderes to virkningsscenarioer med forutsetninger om hhv. etterfølgelse av kostråd og økt selvforsyning. Effekter på primærjordbruk og tilhørende matindustri herunder ressursbruk, matproduksjon, utslipp av klimagasser, regional fordeling og verdiskaping er tallfestet. Hovedfunnene viser at en med en trendbasert videreføring av dagens politikk ikke når disse målene, men at det er nødvendig med betydelige omstillinger i jordbruk, matindustri og forbrukeratferd for å oppfylle disse. Resultatene er forbundet med usikkerhet og bør tolkes som indikasjoner på effektenes retning og styrke, ikke som presise anslag.
Forfattere
Niklas Jan WickanderSammendrag
Ethiopia suffers from severe soil degradation resulting from poor agricultural management practices, deforestation, cultivation on slopes, and heavy, erratic rainfall patterns. This degradation places substantial pressure on smallholder farmers through the loss of topsoil, which reduces soil fertility and diminishes the area of arable land available for cultivation. Smallholder farmers typically practice mixed crop-livestock system, in which animals are often kept on small plots of land during the dry season and fed crop residues, while being allowed to graze on communal lands during the rainy season. Livestock is important to Ethiopian livelihoods, with a large proportion of the population dependent on it. However, the high density of animals, combined with low forage production, exacerbates soil degradation through overgrazing on communal land and increased reliance on crop residues for feed, thereby reducing the return of organic matter to the soils. To address these issues, inclusion of perennial forage mixtures as leys has been proposed as a strategy to both improve livestock feed production and restore degraded soils while preventing further degradation. Plant mixtures, particularly of grasses and legumes, have well-documented benefits to enhance soil organic C (SOC) and nutrient content, reduce the risk of erosion by stabilizing soil structure, and increase forage yields and feed quality. Improved soil nutrient status due to plant inputs also stimulates soil microbial communities, increasing microbial activity and exoenzyme synthesis. This has positive ramifications for soil nutrient cycling and may help remediate degraded Ethiopian soils in low-input agricultural systems. However, the effects of different plant species mixtures in soils with varying chemical and mineralogical composition remain unclear and require further investigations to identify optimal plant mixtures for different soil types. This thesis aims to elucidate the effects of four forage plant species on selected soil parameters in degraded soils from two distinct Ethiopian regions, with a particular focus on soil microbial functions. The thesis comprises three papers, each with focus on different aspects of plant-soil-plant feedbacks in various settings: (I) the effects of plant diversity and biomass on microbial activity and nutrient cycling in a field experiment, (II) the effects of specific plant species inputs on soil microbial nutrient stoichiometry and nutrient cycling under controlled greenhouse conditions, (III) microbial carbon use efficiency (mCUE) in weathered soils under cultivation of perennial forage species in a greenhouse experiment. The thesis is based on three separate experiments: a field experiment in the Amhara and Sidama regions of Ethiopia, and both large- and small-scale factorial experiments in greenhouse using soils sampled from these regions. Two grasses (Urochloa hybrid cv. Cayman and Megathyrsus maximus) and two legumes (Desmodium intortum and Stylosanthes guianensis) were grown in the experiments described in Papers I and II, whereas only U. cv. Cayman and D. intortum were grown in the experiment described in Paper III. Soil chemical and physical characteristics were determined prior to the experimentation for all soils. Microbial nutrient status and its responses to plant input were assessed via analysis of exoenzyme activity (EEA), while specific microbial functions such as nitrification and denitrification were also measured. The plant effect on microbial C-turnover and growth was determined by using the 18O-H2O stable isotope probing (SIP) method, determining mCUE and microbial growth rate. Overall, plant inputs had generally positive effects on soil microbial functions, although responses varied considerably depending on initial soil properties. The strongest effects were typically observed in the more fertile Sidama soils, compared to the less fertile Amhara soils. The magnitude and nature of plant input effects also differed across the three studies. Plant species diversity and biomass had minor effects on soil microbial functions, while U. cv Cayman showed some positive effects on belowground functions in Hawassa soil (Paper I). Legumes, particularly S. guianensis, enhanced EEA which contributed positively to the soil microbial nutrient cycle (Paper II). Plant inputs affected mCUE only in the Sidama soils, with a positive effect of increased plant biomass on mCUE and a negative effect of the U. cv. Cayman × D. intortum mixture on mCUE (Paper III). In summary, the implementation of perennial forage mixtures had positive effects on soil microbial nutrient cycling, with potential long-term effects for soil health. However, these effects were soil-specific, with stronger responses and higher microbial activity in the more fertile, phosphorus (P) rich soils of the Sidama region. The low responsiveness of soil microbes to plant inputs in the Amhara region may be attributed to inherently low P availability. Alleviating P limitation may therefore be necessary before realizing the beneficial effects of perennial forage mixtures in P-limited soils. In addition, site-specific selection of plant species mixtures that can successfully establish and co-exist is recommended to achieve optimal plant performance and effective soil remediation.
Sammendrag
This conference proceedings paper investigates how forage species and seasonal cuts affect mass balance, dry matter distribution and crude protein recovery in green biorefinery. The study compares timothy, red clover and a grass–clover mixture across seasonal cuts, with focus on pulp, green protein concentrate and brown juice fractions.