Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2023
Sammendrag
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Forfattere
Marianne Stenrød Kathinka Lang Marit Almvik Roger Holten Agnethe Christiansen Xingang Liu Qiu JingSammendrag
To ensure compliance with food safety regulations, monitoring programs and reliable analytical methods to detect relevant chemical pollutants in food and the environment are key instruments. Pesticides are an important part of pest management in agriculture to sustain and increase crop yields and control post-harvest decay, while pesticide residues in food may pose a risk to human health. Thus, the levels of pesticide residues in food must be controlled and should align with Maximum Residue Levels regulations to ensure food safety. Food safety monitoring programs and analytical methods for pesticide residues and metabolites are well developed. Future developments to ensure food safety must include the increased awareness and improved regulatory framework to meet the challenges with natural toxins, emerging contaminants, novel biopesticides, and antimicrobial resistance in food and the environment. The reality of a complex mixture of pollutants, natural toxins, and their metabolites potentially occurring in food and the environment implies the necessity to consider combined effects of chemicals in risk assessment. Here, we present challenges, monitoring efforts, and future perspectives for chemical food safety focused on the importance of current developments in high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) technologies to meet the needs in food safety and environmental monitoring.
Forfattere
Paulina Paluchowska Zhimin Yin Erik Lysøe Simeon Rossmann Mirella Ludwiczewska Marta Janiszewska Sylwester Sobkowiak Håvard Eikemo Monica Skogen May Bente Brurberg Jadwiga ŚliwkaSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Paulina Paluchowska Zhimin Yin Erik Lysøe Simeon Rossmann Mirella Ludwiczewska Marta Janiszewska May Bente Brurberg Jadwiga ŚliwkaSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Mirella Ludwiczewska Paulina Paluchowska Marta Janiszewska Erik Lysøe Simeon Rossmann Sylwester Sobkowiak Zhimin Yin May Bente Brurberg jadwiga SliwkaSammendrag
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Forfattere
Paulina Paluchowska Erik Lysøe Simeon Rossmann Marta Janiszewska Krystyna MICHALAK May Bente Brurberg Jadwiga Śliwka Zhimin YinSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Arne Verstraeten Nicolas Bruffaerts Fabiana Cristofolini Elena Vanguelova Johan Neirynck Gerrit Genouw Bruno De Vos Peter Waldner Anne Thimonier Anita Nussbaumer Mathias Neumann Sue Benham Pasi Rautio Liisa Ukonmaanaho Päivi Merilä Antti-Jussi Lindroos Annika Saarto Jukka Reiniharju Nicholas Clarke Volkmar Timmermann Manuel Nicolas Maria Schmitt Katrin Meusburger Anna Kowalska Idalia Kasprzyk Katarzyna Kluska Łukasz Grewling Małgorzata Malkiewicz Lars Vesterdal Morten Ingerslev Miklós Manninger Donat Magyar Hugues Titeux Gunilla Pihl Karlsson Regula Gehrig Sandy Adriaenssens Agneta Ekebom Åslög Dahl Marco Ferretti Elena GottardiniSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
Seed is a critically important basic input of agriculture, because sowing healthy seeds is essential to food production. Using high quality seed enables less use of synthetic pesticides in the field. Seedborne pathogens can reduce yield quantity and quality of the crops produced. Seed treatments protect plant seedlings from pathogen attacks at emergence and at the early growth stages, contributing to healthy crop plants and good yield. However, there is increased concern about the application of synthetic pesticides to seeds, while alternatives are becoming increasingly addressed in seedborne pathogen research. A series of strategies based on synthetic fungicides, natural compounds, biocontrol agents (BCAs), and physical means has been developed to reduce seed contamination by pathogens. The volume of research on seed treatment has increased considerably in the past decade, along with the search for green technologies to control seedborne diseases. This review focuses on recent research results dealing with protocols that are effective in the management of seedborne pathogens. Moreover, the review illustrated an innovative system for routine seed health testing and need-based cereal seed treatment implemented in Norway.
Forfattere
Bjørn Arild Hatteland Rafael De Andrade Moral Gunnhild Jaastad Gaute Myren Endre Bjotveit Irén Lunde Sekse Karin Westrum Nina TrandemSammendrag
BACKGROUND Integrated pest management (IPM) has a long history in fruit production and has become even more important with the implementation of the EU directive 2009/128/EC making IPM mandatory. In this study, we surveyed 30 apple orchards in Norway for 3 years (2016–2018) monitoring pest- and beneficial arthropods as well as evaluating fruit damage. We obtained growers’ diaries of pest management and used these data to study positive and negative correlations of pesticides with the different arthropod groups and damage due to pests. RESULTS IPM level had no significant effects on damage of harvested apples by arthropod pests. Furthermore, damage by arthropods was mainly caused by lepidopteran larvae, tortricids being especially important. The number of insecticide applications varied between 0 and 3 per year (mean 0.8), while acaricide applications varied between 0 and 1 per year (mean 0.06). Applications were often based on forecasts of important pest species such as the apple fruit moth (Argyresthia conjugella). Narrow-spectrum insecticides were commonly used against aphids and lepidopteran larvae, although broad-spectrum neonicotinoid (thiacloprid) insecticides were also applied. Anthocorid bugs and phytoseiid mites were the most abundant natural enemies in the studied orchards. However, we found large differences in abundance of various “beneficials” (e.g., lacewings, anthocorids, parasitic wasps) between eastern and western Norway. A low level of IPM negatively affected the abundance of spiders. CONCLUSION Lepidoptera was found to be the most important pest group in apple orchards. Insecticide use was overall low, but number of spray applications and use of broad-spectrum insecticides varied between growers and regions. IPM level did not predict the level of fruit damage by insects nor the abundance of important pests or most beneficial groups in an apple orchard. © 2023 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Forfattere
Margaret Nyaboke Nyang'au Komivi S. Akutse Khamis Fathiya Miriam Karwitha Charimbu Solveig HaukelandSammendrag
Potato Cyst Nematodes (PCN) (Globodera rostochiensis and G. pallida Woll.) are quarantine pests of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) worldwide capable of causing significant yield loss and difficult to manage with conventional methods. The study explored the diversity of antagonistic fungi associated with PCN obtained from soil samples collected in Nyandarua and Nakuru Counties in Kenya and their effect on PCN egg viability and hatching was also evaluated. Twelve fungal isolates from five genera were isolated and characterized using morphological and molecular techniques. The twelve isolates were Trichoderma asperellum (4), T. hamatum, T. breve, T. atrobruneum, Amanita basiorubra, Setophoma terrestris (2), Penicillium chrysogenum and Clonostachys rosea. The most abundant isolate was Trichoderma spp. with 58 % occurrence. The effect of seven of the isolates on PCN eggs showed that T. breve and P. chrysogenum reduced egg viability by 41 % and 34 %, respectively while T. asperellum and T. breve reduced their hatching by 50 % on average. Trichoderma atrobrunneum, T. hamatum, and A. basiorubra also reduced the PCN egg viability by 27 % on average. These fungal isolates could provide a potential tool for PCN management in potato production systems for improved yields. However, further studies are warranted to validate these findings under greenhouse and field conditions. A more comprehensive bioprospecting survey for PCN associated antagonistic fungi needs to be extended to other potato growing regions to explore further cyst pathogens.