Simeon Rossmann
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Biografi
Jeg forsker på forskjellige anvendte aspekter innenfor plantepatologi. Jeg har jobbet mye med Pectobacteriaceae, som forårsaker bløtråte og stengelråte i potet og ulike andre sykdommer i mange andre vertsplanter. Jeg er spesielt interessert i insekter assosiert med disse bakteriene og andre plantepatogene bakterier i feltet og molekylære mekanismene bak disse forskjellige assosiasjonene.
I det siste var jeg fokusert på praktiske og bioinformatiske implementeringer av metabarkoding eller amplikonsekvensering som et verktøy for deteksjon og identifisering av plantepatogene sopp, Oomycota, nematoder, bakterier, og invaderende plante- og insektarter.
Jeg fikk BSc og MSc fra University of Tübingen, hvor jeg oppdaget min lidenskap for plantepatologi ved Center for Plant Molecular Biology (ZMBP). I løpet av doktorgradsperioden min (2015-2018) undersøkte jeg bløtråte i norske potet med prof. May Bente Brurberg (NIBIO / NMBU) som hovedveileder.
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Mirella Ludwiczewska Paulina Paluchowska Marta Janiszewska Erik Lysøe Simeon Rossmann Sylwester Sobkowiak Zhimin Yin May Bente Brurberg Jadwiga ŚliwkaSammendrag
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Mirella Ludwiczewska Paulina Paluchowska Marta Janiszewska Erik Lysøe Simeon Rossmann Sylwester Sobkowiak Zhimin Yin May Bente Brurberg jadwiga SliwkaSammendrag
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Paulina Paluchowska Zhimin Yin Erik Lysøe Simeon Rossmann Mirella Ludwiczewska Marta Janiszewska May Bente Brurberg Jadwiga ŚliwkaSammendrag
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Simeon Rossmann Erik Lysøe Monica Skogen Håvard Eikemo Marta Janiszewska Mirella Ludwiczewska Sylwester Sobkowiak Jadwiga Śliwka May Bente BrurbergSammendrag
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Paulina Paluchowska Zhimin Yin Erik Lysøe Simeon Rossmann Marta Janiszewska May Bente Brurberg Jadwiga ŚliwkaSammendrag
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Mirella Ludwiczewska Paulina Paluchowska Marta Janiszewska Erik Lysøe Simeon Rossmann Sylwester Sobkowiak Zhimin Yin May Bente Brurberg Jadwiga ŚliwkaSammendrag
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Paulina Paluchowska Zhimin Yin Erik Lysøe Simeon Rossmann Mirella Ludwiczewska Marta Janiszewska Sylwester Sobkowiak Håvard Eikemo Monica Skogen May Bente Brurberg Jadwiga ŚliwkaSammendrag
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Paulina Paluchowska Zhimin Yin Erik Lysøe Simeon Rossmann Mirella Ludwiczewska Marta Janiszewska May Bente Brurberg Jadwiga ŚliwkaSammendrag
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Simeon Rossmann Erik Lysøe Monica Skogen Håvard Eikemo Marta Janiszewska Mirella Ludwiczewska Sylwester Sobkowiak Jadwiga Śliwka May Bente BrurbergSammendrag
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Phytophthora cactorum has two distinct pathotypes that cause crown rot and leather rot in strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa). Strains of the crown rot pathotype can infect both the rhizome (crown) and fruit tissues, while strains of the leather rot pathotype can only infect the fruits of strawberry. The genome of a highly virulent crown rot strain, a low virulent crown rot strain, and three leather rot strains were sequenced using PacBio high fidelity (HiFi) long read sequencing. The reads were de novo assembled to 66.4–67.6 megabases genomes in 178–204 contigs, with N50 values ranging from 892 to 1,036 kilobases. The total number of predicted complete genes in the five P. cactorum genomes ranged from 17,286 to 17,398. Orthology analysis identified a core secretome of 8,238 genes. Comparative genomic analysis revealed differences in the composition of potential virulence effectors, such as putative RxLR and Crinklers, between the crown rot and the leather rot pathotypes. Insertions, deletions, and amino acid substitutions were detected in genes encoding putative elicitors such as beta elicitin and cellulose-binding domain proteins from the leather rot strains compared to the highly virulent crown rot strain, suggesting a potential mechanism for the crown rot strain to escape host recognition during compatible interaction with strawberry. The results presented here highlight several effectors that may facilitate the tissue-specific colonization of P. cactorum in strawberry.
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Paulina Paluchowska Zhimin Yin Erik Lysøe Simeon Rossmann Mirella Ludwiczewska Marta Janiszewska May Bente Brurberg Jadwiga ŚliwkaSammendrag
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Simeon Rossmann Juliana Perminow May Bente Brurberg Inger-Lise Akselsen Carl-Henrik Lensjø AlvinSammendrag
Lys ringråte på potet, forårsaket av bakterien Clavibacter sepedonicus (Cms, tidligere Clavibacter michiganensis subspecies sepedonicus), har gjort mye skade i norsk potetproduksjon siden første påvisning i landet i 1964. Den er også grunnen til at man ikke kan eksportere poteter fra Norge. Siden 1965 har Norge hatt sitt eget, nasjonale regelverk for bekjempelse av bakterien. Man har tidligere ( før 1980) flere ganger uten hell forsøkt å utrydde sykdommen fra flere deler av landet. Dette fordi mangelen på en påvisningsmetode med tilstrekkelig sensitivitet den gangen gjorde det vanskelig å skaffe de nødvendige mengder sykdomsfrie settepoteter til utskiftingen. Mørk ringråte er en karantenesykdom på potet og angriper også andre planter i søtvierfamilien. Den er forårsaket av bakterien Ralstonia solanacearum. Angrep av mørk ringråte fører til at potetplantens ledningsvev blir ødelagt og tilstoppet slik at riset visner, og senere blir det en brunfarget, ringformet råte i knollene. Skadegjøreren har ikke blitt påvist i Norge. Det er hvert år betydelig import av mat- og industripotet til Norge fra land hvor sykdommen forekommer. Det ble i 2022 mottatt 345 potetprøver for testing. Bakterien som forårsaker mørk ringråte ble ikke påvist i noen av prøvene. Bakterien som forårsaker lys ringråte ble påvist i to prøver fra to ulike dyrkere. Resultatene fra 2022 viser at status for lys ringråte i Norge iht. ISPM 8 er å anse som: present, not widely distributed and under official control Resultatene fra 2022 viser at status for mørk ringråte i Norge iht. ISPM 8 er å anse som: absent, pest not recorded
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Simeon Rossmann Juliana Perminow Brita Toppe May Bente Brurberg Inger-Lise Akselsen Carl-Henrik Lensjø AlvinSammendrag
Xylella fastidiosa er en planteskadegjører som kan forårsake visnesyke i mange planteslag, bl.a. prunus og en lang rekke løvtrær og grøntanleggsplanter. Denne alvorlige planteskadegjøreren er aldri funnet i Norge, men er de siste årene påvist i andre europeiske land, bl.a. er det et stort utbrudd i olivenplantinger i Sør-Italia. Det er hvert år betydelig import av vertsplanter fra land hvor sykdommen er blitt påvist. I sesong 2022 mottok NIBIO 198 prøver av minst 33 forskjellige vertsplanter. Det ble ikke påvist smitte av Xylella fastidiosa i noen av prøvene.
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Paulina Paluchowska Erik Lysøe Simeon Rossmann Marta Janiszewska Krystyna MICHALAK May Bente Brurberg Jadwiga Śliwka Zhimin YinSammendrag
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Paulina Paluchowska Erik Lysøe Simeon Rossmann Marta Janiszewska Krystyna MICHALAK May Bente Brurberg Jadwiga Śliwka Zhimin YinSammendrag
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Sunniva Løwø Simeon Rossmann Marte Persdatter Tangvik Monica Skogen Solveig Haukeland Ulrike Naumann May Bente BrurbergSammendrag
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Jahn Davik Dag Røen Erik Lysøe Matteo Buti Simeon Rossmann Muath K Alsheikh Erez Lieberman Aiden Olga Dudchenko Daniel James SargentSammendrag
Rubus idaeus L. (red raspberry), is a perennial woody plant species of the Rosaceae family that is widely cultivated in the temperate regions of world and is thus an economically important soft fruit species. It is prized for its flavour and aroma, as well as a high content of healthful compounds such as vitamins and antioxidants. Breeding programs exist globally for red raspberry, but variety development is a long and challenging process. Genomic and molecular tools for red raspberry are valuable resources for breeding. Here, a chromosome-length genome sequence assembly and related gene predictions for the red raspberry cultivar ‘Anitra’ are presented, comprising PacBio long read sequencing scaffolded using Hi-C sequence data. The assembled genome sequence totalled 291.7 Mbp, with 247.5 Mbp (84.8%) incorporated into seven sequencing scaffolds with an average length of 35.4 Mbp. A total of 39,448 protein-coding genes were predicted, 75% of which were functionally annotated. The seven chromosome scaffolds were anchored to a previously published genetic linkage map with a high degree of synteny and comparisons to genomes of closely related species within the Rosoideae revealed chromosome-scale rearrangements that have occurred over relatively short evolutionary periods. A chromosome-level genomic sequence of R. idaeus will be a valuable resource for the knowledge of its genome structure and function in red raspberry and will be a useful and important resource for researchers and plant breeders.
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Sunniva Løwø Simeon Rossmann Marte Persdatter Tangvik Monica Skogen Solveig Haukeland May Bente BrurbergSammendrag
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Paulina Paluchowska Marta Janiszewska Erik Lysøe Simeon Rossmann Mirella Ludwiczewska Zhimin Yin May Bente Brurberg Jadwiga ŚliwkaSammendrag
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Sunniva Løwø May Bente Brurberg Simeon Rossmann Solveig Haukeland Marte Persdatter TangvikSammendrag
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Jan M. van der Wolf Ivette Acuña Solke H. De Boer May Bente Brurberg Greig Cahill Amy O. Charkowski Teresa Coutinho Triona Davey Merete Wiken Dees Yeshitila Degefu Brice Dupuis John G. Elphinstone Jiaqin Fan Esmaeil Fazelisanagri Thomas Fleming Nahid Gerayeli Vladimir Gorshkov Valérie Helias Yves le Hingrat Steven B. Johnson Andreas Keiser Isabelle Kellenberger Xiang (Sean) Li Ewa Lojkowska Rodney Martin Juliana Perminow Olga Petrova Agata Motyka-Pomagruk Simeon Rossmann Santiago Schaerer Wojciech Sledz Ian K. Toth Leah Tsror Jacquie E. van der Waals Patrice de Werra Iris YedidiaSammendrag
Soft rot Pectobacteriaceae (SRP) are ubiquitous on earth as there are records of findings from all continents where host plants are grown. This chapter describes information on soft rot diseases on these continents. For some countries, detailed information is provided by local experts on the SRP present, their economic damage, and the management strategies applied for their control. The focus of the chapter is mainly on SRP as causative agents of potato blackleg, although in specific cases details are provided on SRP in other host plants. In Europe, the SRP cause important economic losses mainly on potato, with most species described in the literature being found. In Latin America significant losses are also reported due to potato diseases caused by various Dickeya and Pectobacterium species, while in Australia and Oceania, recent outbreaks of D. dianthicola in potato have resulted in high economic losses. In Asia, however, SRP cause economic losses mainly in vegetable crops other than potato, while in North America SRP cause diseases on a wide range of crops (including potato and ornamental plants) in both field and storage. In Africa SRP are only known to occur in 17 of the 54 African countries but where it is known, potato is the most affected crop.
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Plants with roots and soil clumps transported over long distances in plant trading can harbor plant pathogenic oomycetes, facilitating disease outbreaks that threaten ecosystems, biodiversity, and food security. Tools to detect the presence of such oomycetes with a sufficiently high throughput and broad scope are currently not part of international phytosanitary testing regimes. In this work, DNA metabarcoding targeting the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region was employed to broadly detect and identify oomycetes present in soil from internationally shipped plants. This method was compared to traditional isolation-based detection and identification after an enrichment step. DNA metabarcoding showed widespread presence of potentially plant pathogenic Phytophthora and Pythium species in internationally transported rhizospheric soil with Pythium being the overall most abundant genus observed. Baiting, a commonly employed enrichment method for Phytophthora species, led to an increase of golden-brown algae in the soil samples, but did not increase the relative or absolute abundance of potentially plant pathogenic oomycetes. Metabarcoding of rhizospheric soil yielded DNA sequences corresponding to oomycete isolates obtained after enrichment and identified them correctly but did not always detect the isolated oomycetes in the same samples. This work provides a proof of concept and outlines necessary improvements for the use of environmental DNA (eDNA) and metabarcoding as a standalone phytosanitary assessment tool for broad detection and identification of plant pathogenic oomycetes.
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Natasha Sant'Anna Iwanicki Ana Beatriz Riguetti Zanardo Botelho Ingeborg Klingen Italo Delalibera Júnior Simeon Rossmann Erik LysøeSammendrag
The genus Metarhizium is composed of species used in biological control programs of agricultural pests worldwide. This genus includes common fungal pathogen of many insects and mites and endophytes that can increase plant growth. Metarhizium humberi was recently described as a new species. This species is highly virulent against some insect pests and promotes growth in sugarcane, strawberry, and soybean crops. In this study, we sequenced the genome of M. humberi, isolate ESALQ1638, and performed a functional analysis to determine its genomic signatures and highlight the genes and biological processes associated with its lifestyle. The genome annotation predicted 10633 genes in M. humberi, of which 92.0% are assigned putative functions, and ∼17% of the genome was annotated as repetitive sequences. We found that 18.5% of the M. humberi genome is similar to experimentally validated proteins associated with pathogen–host interaction. Compared to the genomes of eight Metarhizium species, the M. humberi ESALQ1638 genome revealed some unique traits that stood out, e.g., more genes functionally annotated as polyketide synthases (PKSs), overrepresended GO-terms associated to transport of ions, organic and amino acid, a higher percentage of repetitive elements, and higher levels of RIP-induced point mutations. The M. humberi genome will serve as a resource for promoting studies on genome structure and evolution that can contribute to research on biological control and plant biostimulation. Thus, the genomic data supported the broad host range of this species within the generalist PARB clade and suggested that M. humberi ESALQ1638 might be particularly good at producing secondary metabolites and might be more efficient in transporting amino acids and organic compounds.
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Ian K. Toth Marie-anne Barny May Bente Brurberg Guy Condemine Robert Czajkowski John G. Elphinstone Valérie Helias Steven B. Johnson Lucy N. Moleleki Minna Pirhonen Simeon Rossmann Leah Tsror Jacquie E. van der Waals Jan M. van der Wolf Frédérique Van Gijsegem Iris YedidiaSammendrag
The soft rot Pectobacteriaceae (SRP) infect a wide range of plants worldwide and cause economic damage to crops and ornamentals but can also colonize other plants as part of their natural life cycle. They are found in a variety of environmental niches, including water, soil and insects, where they may spread to susceptible plants and cause disease. In this chapter, we look in detail at the plants colonized and infected by these pathogens and at the diseases and symptoms they cause. We also focus on where in the environment these organisms are found and their ability to survive and thrive there. Finally, we present evidence that SRP may assist the colonization of human enteric pathogens on plants, potentially implicating them in aspects of human/animal as well as plant health.
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Paal Krokene Bjørn Arild Hatteland Christer Magnusson Daniel Flø Iben Margrete Thomsen Johan A. Stenberg May Bente Brurberg Per Hans Micael Wendell Mogens Nicolaisen Simeon Rossmann Venche Talgø Beatrix Alsanius Sandra A.I. Wright Trond RafossSammendrag
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Invasive alien species and new plant pests are introduced into new regions at an accelerating rate, due to increasing international trade with soil, plants and plant products. Exotic, plant pathogenic oomycetes in soil from the root zone of imported plants pose a great threat to endemic ecosystems and horticultural production. Detecting them via baiting and isolation, with subsequent identification of the isolated cultures by Sanger sequencing, is labour intensive and may introduce bias due to the selective baiting process. We used metabarcoding to detect and identify oomycetes present in soil samples from imported plants from six different countries. We compared metabarcoding directly from soil both before and after baiting to a traditional approach using Sanger-based barcoding of cultures after baiting. For this, we developed a standardized analysis workflow for Illumina paired-end oomycete ITS metabarcodes that is applicable to future surveillance efforts. In total, 73 soil samples from the rhizosphere of woody plants from 33 genera, in addition to three samples from transport debris, were analysed by metabarcoding the ITS1 region with primers optimized for oomycetes. We detected various Phytophthora and Pythium species, with Pythium spp. being highly abundant in all samples. We also found that the baiting procedure, which included submerging the soil samples in water, resulted in the enrichment of organisms other than oomycetes, compared to non-baited soil samples.
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Simeon Rossmann Merete Wiken Dees Torfinn Torp Vinh Hong Le Monica Skogen Borghild Glorvigen Jan van der Wolf May Bente BrurbergSammendrag
Potato soft rot Pectobacteriaceae (SRP) cause large yield losses and are persistent in seed lots once established. In Norway, different Pectobacterium species are the predominant cause of soft rot and blackleg disease. This work aimed to evaluate the potential of real-time PCR for quantification of SRP in seed tubers, as well as investigating the status of potato seed health with respect to SRP in Norway. A total of 34 seed potato lots, including certified seeds, was grown and monitored over three consecutive years. All seed lots contained a quantifiable amount of SRP after enrichment, with very few subsamples being free of the pathogens. A high SRP prevalence based on a qPCR assay, as well as a high symptom incidence in certified seeds were observed, suggesting that current criteria for seed certification are insufficient to determine tuber health and predict field outcomes. Pectobacterium atrosepticum was the most abundant species in the examined seed lots and present in all lots. Consistently good performance of first generation seed lots with respect to blackleg and soft rot incidence, as well as low quantity of SRP in these seed lots demonstrated the importance of clean seed potatoes. Weather conditions during the growing season seemed to govern disease incidence and SRP prevalence more than seed grade. The impact of temperature, potato cultivar and Pectobacterium species on tuber soft rot development were further examined in tuber infection experiments, which showed that temperature was the most important factor in nearly all cultivars. Large-scale quantification of latent infection and predictive models that include contributing factors like weather, infecting bacterial species and cultivar are needed to reduce soft rot and blackleg.
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Simeon RossmannSammendrag
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Pathogenic soft rot Enterobacteriaceae (SRE) belonging to the genera Pectobacterium and Dickeya cause diseases in potato and numerous other crops. Seed potatoes are the most important source of infection, but how pathogen-free tubers initially become infected remains an enigma. Since the 1920s, insects have been hypothesized to contribute to SRE transmission. To validate this hypothesis and to map the insect species potentially involved in SRE dispersal, we have analyzed the occurrence of SRE in insects recovered from potato fields over a period of 2 years. Twenty-eight yellow sticky traps were set up in 10 potato fields throughout Norway to attract and trap insects. Total DNA recovered from over 2,000 randomly chosen trapped insects was tested for SRE, using a specific quantitative PCR (qPCR) TaqMan assay, and insects that tested positive were identified by DNA barcoding. Although the occurrence of SRE-carrying insects varied, they were found in all the tested fields. While Delia species were dominant among the insects that carried the largest amount of SRE, more than 80 other SRE-carrying insect species were identified, and they had different levels of abundance. Additionally, the occurrence of SRE in three laboratory-reared insect species was analyzed, and this suggested that SRE are natural members of some insect microbiomes, with herbivorous Delia floralis carrying more SRE than the cabbage moth (Plutella xylostella) and carnivorous green lacewing larvae (Chrysoperla carnea). In summary, the high proportion, variety, and ubiquity of insects that carried SRE show the need to address this source of the pathogens to reduce the initial infection of seed material.
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The genus Pectobacterium, which belongs to the bacterial family Enterobacteriaceae, contains numerous species that cause soft rot diseases in a wide range of plants. The species Pectobacterium carotovorum is highly heterogeneous, indicating a need for re-evaluation and a better classification of the species. PacBio was used for sequencing of two soft-rot-causing bacterial strains (NIBIO1006T and NIBIO1392), initially identified as P. carotovorum strains by fatty acid analysis and sequencing of three housekeeping genes (dnaX, icdA and mdh). Their taxonomic relationship to other Pectobacterium species was determined and the distance from any described species within the genus Pectobacterium was less than 94% average nucleotide identity (ANI). Based on ANI, phylogenetic data and genome-to-genome distance, strains NIBIO1006T, NIBIO1392 and NCPPB3395 are suggested to represent a novel species of the genus Pectobacterium, for which the name Pectobacterium polaris sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is NIBIO1006T (=DSM 105255T=NCPPB 4611T).
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Simeon RossmannSammendrag
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Divisjon for bioteknologi og plantehelse
DivGene - Diversity analyses of key genes involved in interaction between potato and Phytophthora infestans
A main objective of the project is to improve our understanding of interaction and co-evolution of host and pathogen using potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) and its economically most important pathogen, Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary, as a model. Our main hypothesis is that co-evolution of potato and P. infestans in agroecosystems is based on diversity of the resistance genes present in the cultivated potatoes and effector genes present in the pathogen populations.
Divisjon for bioteknologi og plantehelse
Cropdrive
Cropdrive aims to identify a selection of cover crops suitable for use in root vegetable and potato production with beneficial impacts on both soil and plant health, and greenhouse gas exchange.