Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2026
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
Rapporten beskriver en plan for restaurering av ca. 8,8 daa våtmark/myr ved Brekkestø i Lillesand kommune, med mål om å etablere en dam med åpent vannspeil for å øke biodiversiteten, spesielt for fugleliv og insekter. Området, som tidligere var forsøkt oppdyrket, men oppgitt på grunn av vannproblemer, ligger innesluttet av en gammel vei og har stort potensial som rik våtmarksbiotop. Grunnundersøkelser i 2025 viste homogene masser av gytjeleire – en organisk rik, finpartikulær jordart med høyt innhold av leire, organisk materiale (30–47 % glødetap), kalk og sulfider. Denne sjeldne jordtypen, dannet i tidligere tidevannspåvirket bukt, er myk, vannmettet og potensielt ustabil. Gytjeleire krymper ved tørking og kan gi mulig forsuring ved oksidasjon av sulfider. Analyser bekreftet høyt nærings- og natriuminnhold, samt god bufferevne som holder pH moderat sur. Prøvegraving viste likevel god stabilitet ned til ca. 2–2,5 m dybde, uten kollaps over tid. Artskartlegging avslørte et allerede rikt biologisk mangfold, med mange arter fugl og insekter, flere rødlistede. Dagens vegetasjon domineres av strandrør og trivielle arter, men området klassifiseres som grøftet torvmark uten verdifull NiN-naturtype. Noen fremmedarter forekommer. Forslaget er en sirkulær dam gravd fra kanten med langarmet gravemaskin, med bevart fastmark som øyer i midten for hekking og skjul. Dammen får et vannareal på 3,5 daa over en total flate inkludert øyene på 5,2 daa. Utgravde masser (ca. 3470 m³) legges i ranker/voller rundt dammen, dekket med toppjord for revegetering. Tiltaket vil skape varierte habitater, øke artsmangfoldet og gi bedre forhold for vannfugl, samtidig som geotekniske risikoer minimeres ved begrenset maskinbruk på ustabile masser. Samlet sett er prosjektet gjennomførbart og vil gi betydelige naturverdier i et kalkrikt, næringsrikt miljø typisk for Sørlandet.
Sammendrag
EUs kommende forbud mot gummigranulat i kunstgressbaner gjør det ikke bare nødvendig å utvikle alternative fyllmaterialer og kunstgressløsninger, men aktualiserer også bruken av Norges rundt 1500 naturgressbaner for fotball. De viktigste begrensninger for økt bruk av naturgress i Norges er for lite lys og for lav temperatur i 4-8 månder av året avhengig av landsdel. På mange baner vil dessuten mangelen på lys forsterkes av skygge fra tribuneanlegg. Den relative betydningen av lys som veskthemmende faktor forventres å øke i framtida, siden denne, i motsetning til temperatur, ikke påvirkes av klimaendringene. Gressets fotosyntese utnytter lysets bølgelengder i området 400-700 nm, og engrapp, flerårig raigras og andre gressarter på norske fotballbaner krever en daglig lysmengde (DLI, daily light integral) i dette området på minimum 8-12 mol m-2d-1 for å gi akseptabel vekst og slitestyrke. LED-belysning (Light Emitting Diodes) med riktig forhold mellom rødt og blått lys gir bedre vekst, større slitestyrke og inntil 40% lavere energiforbruk enn tradisjonelle lyskilder som HPS (High Pressure Sodium)-lamper. En annen fordel med LED er at det er mulig å tilpasse ikke bare DLI, men også lyskvaliteten (spektralsammensetningen) som påvirker gresskvaliteten. På denne måten kan gresskvaliteten tilpasses sesong, værforhold, gressart og brukintensitet. Kombinert med sensorstyrt undervarme basert på jordvarme eller andre miljøvennlige energikilder legger dermed LED til rette for økt bruk av naturgress. Rapporten gir konkrete eksempler på fleksible styringssystemer for mer optimal ressursbruk og bærekraftig drift av naturgressbaner. Vi forslår at NIBIO bør bygge i et pilotanlegg på Landvik eller Særheim for videre forsking på optimale kombinasjoner og smartere styringssystemer for lys og undervarme på naturgressbaner som alternativ til kunstgress.
Sammendrag
Bionedbrytbare plastposers oppførsel under biogassprosessen ble evaluert i MiReKo-prosjektet med fokus på mikroplastrester i sluttproduktet. Seks bionedbrytbare plastposer fra tre leverandører, alle sertifisert etter EU 13432:2000 ble testet med termisk hydrolyse (THP) og anaerob nedbrytning ved mesofile forhold. Posene inneholdt PBAT blandet med stivelse eller PLA. Vekttapet i løpet av THP ved 4 bar og 152°C i 20 minutter ble 1-35 % avhengig av leverandør, og vekttapet under anaerob nedbrytning i 18 dager ved 37°C ble 2-20 %, igjen avhengig av leverandør. I løpet av hele prosessen (THP + anaerob nedbrytning) ble det observert et vekttap på 4-5 % for L3 poser, 27 % for L1 poser, og 43-45 % for L2 poser, med lite forskjell mellom posetykkelse eller bruksområde. Begrensede kjemiske og morfologiske endringer under anaerob nedbrytning tyder på at bionedbrytbar plast kan være en kilde til mikroplast i miljøet dersom biorest spres uten videre behandling. På grunn av ulik nedbrytning og mulig plastrester i biorest, kan det være behov for etterbehandling som kompostering før spredning på landbruksjord.
2025
Sammendrag
Climate change and human activities are prone to cause the shrinkage of lakes and soil salinization in arid areas, thereby affecting regional ecological security. Biodiversity conservation and ecological restoration in shrinking lake areas have attracted more attention. We have investigated the changes in soil organic carbon (SOC) content and microbial community diversity under different vegetation restoration measures, such as the species of Carex, Salicornia, Tamarisk, reed, and grass restoration in the lakeshore of Dalinor lake in Inner Mongolia. Results showed that the soil pH and water-soluble salt content are relatively high in the Carex and Salicornia restoration areas compared to the bare land, and the changes in SOC and TN content are not significant. Still, the contents of AP (available phosphorus) and AK (available potassium) are significantly increased. For the Tamarisk, reed, and grass restoration areas, the level of soil salinization has significantly decreased. At the same time, the contents of SOC and TN are increased by 23.1% and 116.2% compared with the bare land, respectively. With the different vegetation restoration measures, soil microbial biomass carbon (MBC) content was, on average, 62.4% higher than that of bare land. The high-throughput sequencing data showed that different vegetation restoration measures have significantly changed the composition of soil bacterial communities, the alpha diversity indices of Chao1 and Shannon increased by 73.6% and 19.7%, respectively, and the abundance of microbial species related to soil carbon and nitrogen cycling also showed an enrichment trend. Taken together, our study, built on the joint efforts of Chinese and Norwegian partners, has provided valuable information for the future adaptive management of climate change risks and biodiversity conservation related to the shrinkage of lakes in arid areas.
Sammendrag
Abstract Turfgrass winter kill due to freeze/thaw cycles and ice encasement (IE) is a problem on putting greens the Nordic countries. Our objectives were (1) to investigate how green coverage with impermeable plastic before IE affects soil temperature, O 2 and CO 2 concentrations, winter survival and spring recovery of creeping bentgrass (CRB), red fescue (RF), and annual bluegrass (AB) and (2) to explore how these turfgrasses are affected by snow and ice removal during the entire winter or parts of it. Six treatments were imposed on 5‐month‐old turf of the three species during the winters 2020/2021 and 2021/2022 at NIBIO Apelsvoll, Norway (60°42′ N). With an average soil temperature at 2‐cm depth of −0.9°C and the lowest O 2 concentrations around 5%, conditions under IE or plastic + IE treatments never became anoxic. On average for six treatments and 2 years, CRB and RF had significantly better winter survival (both 52%) than AB (25%). Turfgrass winter survival, spring color, and spring growth were significantly better (62% survival on average for species) with plastic between the grass and 10‐cm IE than with 10‐cm IE directly on the grass (23% survival). Snow and ice removal throughout the winter or before IE in early January improved turfgrass freezing tolerance in January but did not improve winter survival, green color, or spring growth compared with the control treatment with natural winter conditions. We conclude that putting greens in areas with unstable winters and risk for prolonged IE ought to be protected by impermeable plastic. Ventilation under the plastic may be necessary on old greens with more organic matter than in this experiment. On frozen uncovered greens, it is better to avoid prolonged IE by snow removal before rain or warm spell in December/early January than by mechanical ice removal in March.
Forfattere
Pia Marinček Jing Vir Leong Loic Pittet Ètienne Léveillé-Bourret Tommi Nyman Maria Tomoshevich Evgeny Banaev Li He Elvira Hörandl Martin Volf Natascha D. WagnerSammendrag
The spatio-temporal evolution of woody plant lineages in the Holarctic is still understudied, limiting our understanding of evolutionary processes that promote higher diversity at higher latitudes in some lineages, which contradicts the latitudinal gradient hypothesis which predicts higher species richness in the tropics. Shrub willows (Salix subgenus Vetrix) comprise about 350 species of which many are adapted to arctic-alpine ecosystems and thus form an important element across the Holarctic region. In this study, we utilized RAD sequencing to estimate the spatio-temporal evolution of the Vetrix clade based on about 140 species covering most of its morphological and geographical diversity. The resolved phylogeny revealed four lineages: the Pan-Himalayan clade, the North American clade and two clades containing species from Eurasia. Widespread circumpolar species form a hybridogenetic grade between the Eurasian and North American clades. Our results confirm that shrub willows originated in the Tertiary, probably in Asia, and that diversification coincided with the climatic cooling in the Pleistocene. At least two radiations were observed, in the Pan Himalayas and in North America. Speciation was further shaped by migration and dispersal in Eurasia, likely accelerated by the uplift of mountain chains, the closure of the Turgai Strait and expansion of suitable habitats. The dated phylogeny revealed that speciation of arctic lineages predates adaptation to high latitudes, as also evident from the fossil record. Small wind-dispersed seeds enabled shrub willows to colonize the expanding arctic tundra regions in the Miocene and their recolonization after the LGM. Given the high observed number of polyploid species equally distributed in all clades and indications of genetic admixture, we assume that species diversity in shrub willows was additionally increased by hybridization and polyploidization.
Forfattere
Ludmila Sromek Kevin P. Johnson Mervi Kunnasranta Aqqalu Rosing-Asvid Britt-Marie Bäcklin Aselle Tasmagambetova Adylkhan Tovassarov Olga Rusinek Heather L. Ziel Ana Rubio-García Tommi NymanSammendrag
We studied the drivers of population-genetic structuring and genetic diversity in specialist parasites based on whole-genome resequencing data from 82 Echinophthirius horridus seal louse individuals sampled from 12 ecologically and behaviourally different phocine seal species, subspecies and populations across the Holarctic. We found that the main genetic disjunctions in E. horridus lice occur across seal host species and subspecies, with a further level of population subdivision emerging among host individuals within some populations. Endemic and relict landlocked seal (sub)species host the genetically most distinct louse populations, while lice associated with sympatric marine seals show signatures of occasional gene flow across hosts. Within the latter, the most extreme case is seen in the near-panmictic lice associated with northern European grey and harbour seals, which aggregate in shared rookeries and colonies. Although the louse and seal phylogenies were overall statistically significantly congruent, evidence for similar host shifts in the past is reflected in several conflicts in the phylogenetic trees of the lice and their hosts. Population-level mean heterozygosity and theta in seal lice varied considerably, and both measures of genetic variation were statistically significantly related to host population size. Taken together, our results support a non-adaptive model of parasite diversification, in which geographic and behavioural isolation among hosts drives parasite genetic differentiation, and genetic erosion in bottlenecked hosts cascades up to their specialist parasites. Our results provide new insights into processes that generate parasite diversity and trigger parallel losses of genetic diversity in endangered host–parasite systems.
Forfattere
Vincent Biard Piia Mutka Mairi Young Marja Niemi Tommi Nyman Milaja Nykänen Mervi KunnasrantaSammendrag
While social network analysis was originally developed for human sociology studies, it is also a valuable tool for characterizing behavioural aspects in many animal populations. For instance, social network analysis can be used for assessing the transmission of diseases or information within groups. Here, we describe co-occurrences and potential social associations of ringed seals, Pusa hispida saimensis, in Lake Saimaa, Finland, from 2016 to 2022, based on photoidentification data. Throughout seven successive moulting seasons (April to June), we identified 425 individuals, of which 178 had pairwise co-occurrences in altogether 185 dyads. These seals had a variable number of associates (up to 10), and co-occurrences were observed in 1–7 years. In general, observations of pairs or larger groups of seals (up to five individuals) were rare, and mainly occurred in the two most densely populated basins of the lake. Most of the group observations occurred on ice rather than on rocks. Overall, the fragmented nature of the lake system, site fidelity and moulting habitat availability are key factors that probably affect the observed co-occurrences. Most of the dyads were observed during only one year, which may indicate social tolerance while using the same moulting site. However, 21 dyads were observed during multiple moulting seasons, with some at different sites separated by up to 3 km in different years, suggesting the existence of actual long-lasting associations. Our study represents the first description of co-occurrences and potential social associations in the endangered Saimaa ringed seal. These results can be used for designing and implementing mitigation strategies in case of unforeseen and sudden changes in the environment, such as a disease outbreak.
Sammendrag
Conservation practices like minimal disturbance, soil cover and crop diversification can enhance soil health, but evidence from Norway is limited due to challenging climatic conditions. This study examines long-term conservation (no-till, diverse crop rotation and cover crops) vs. conventional farming (annual ploughing and harrowing and cereal-based rotation) on loam soils in Southeast Norway, among the first at this latitude. Physical, chemical and biological soil indicators were measured on two neighbouring farms and compared to each other, to target values from sampling 29 fields within the same pedo-climatic zone and to literature benchmarks. Soil sampling followed a systematic approach, analysing aggregate stability, bulk density, cohesion, soil roughness, saturated hydraulic conductivity, total organic carbon, total nitrogen, carbon-to-nitrogen ratio, permanganate-oxidisable carbon (POXC), pH, earthworm count and plant coverage. Conservation farming significantly improved aggregate stability, earthworm count and POXC. Soil functions were visualised using radar charts based on soil indicators as proxies. Overall, conservation practices led to more sustained delivery of soil functions compared to the conventional field. These findings contribute to growing evidence that conservation agriculture can enhance soil health and ecosystem services, even in cold climates, though further field comparisons are needed.