Helge Meissner
Overingeniør
Forfattere
Mark A. Anthony Leho Tedersoo Bruno De Vos Luc Croisé Henning Meesenburg Markus Wagner Henning Andreae Frank Jacob Paweł Lech Anna Kowalska Martin Greve Genoveva Popova Beat Frey Arthur Gessler Marcus Schaub Marco Ferretti Peter Waldner Vicent Calatayud Roberto Canullo Giancarlo Papitto Aleksander Marinšek Morten Ingerslev Lars Vesterdal Pasi Rautio Helge Meissner Volkmar Timmermann Mike Dettwiler Nadine Eickenscheidt Andreas Schmitz Nina Van Tiel Thomas W. Crowther Colin AverillSammendrag
Forest soils harbor hyper-diverse microbial communities which fundamentally regulate carbon and nutrient cycling across the globe. Directly testing hypotheses on how microbiome diversity is linked to forest carbon storage has been difficult, due to a lack of paired data on microbiome diversity and in situ observations of forest carbon accumulation and storage. Here, we investigated the relationship between soil microbiomes and forest carbon across 238 forest inventory plots spanning 15 European countries. We show that the composition and diversity of fungal, but not bacterial, species is tightly coupled to both forest biotic conditions and a seven-fold variation in tree growth rates and biomass carbon stocks when controlling for the effects of dominant tree type, climate, and other environmental factors. This linkage is particularly strong for symbiotic endophytic and ectomycorrhizal fungi known to directly facilitate tree growth. Since tree growth rates in this system are closely and positively correlated with belowground soil carbon stocks, we conclude that fungal composition is a strong predictor of overall forest carbon storage across the European continent.
Sammendrag
Hurdal (NO-Hur) is a recently labelled ICOS class 2 station in Southeast Norway. It represents a typical southern boreal forest of medium productivity, dominated by old Norway spruce (average tree height: 25 m, ages: up to 100 years) with some pine and broadleaved trees. The eddy covariance technique is used to measure CO2 fluxes on a 42 m tower since 2021 . The measurements have an average footprint area of approximately 63 ha. In 2023, the region experienced an unusual dry spring and then an extraordinary flood in August. Both events showed significant impact on the Net Ecosystem Exchange (NEE) and heat fluxes. The station is also equipped with automatic dendrometers and sap flow devices on the dominant spruce trees, allowing us to investigate the impact of these events at the individual tree scale. We will present tree growth and transpiration flux at different temporal scales (from sub-daily to seasonal), and relate these single tree observations with environmental variables, ecosystem-level NEE and evapotranspiration using phase synchronization analysis. These observational data will yield insights into carbon and water processes of a boreal forest at different scales in response to multiple disturbances.
Forfattere
Volkmar Timmermann Isabella Børja Nicholas Clarke Rune Eriksen Jostein Gohli Gro Hylen Jane Uhd Jepsen Paal Krokene Holger Lange Helge Meissner Nina Elisabeth Nagy Jørn-Frode Nordbakken Sverre Solberg Halvor Solheim Ole Petter Laksforsmo Vindstad Bjørn Økland Wenche AasSammendrag
Skogens helsetilstand påvirkes i stor grad av klima og værforhold, enten direkte ved tørke, frost og vind, eller indirekte ved at klimaet påvirker omfanget av soppsykdommer og insektangrep. Klimaendringene og den forventede økningen i klimarelaterte skogskader gir store utfordringer for forvaltningen av framtidas skogressurser. Det samme gjør invaderende skadegjørere, både allerede etablerte arter og nye som kan komme til Norge i nær framtid. I denne rapporten presenteres resultater fra skogskadeovervåkingen i Norge i 2021 og trender over tid for følgende temaer: (i) Landsrepresentativ skogovervåking; (ii) Skogøkologiske analyser og målinger av luftkjemi på de intensive overvåkingsflatene; (iii) Overvåking av bjørkemålere i Troms og Finnmark; (iv) Barkbilleovervåkingen 2021 og mulig overgang til to generasjoner; (v) Asiatisk askepraktbille – en dørstokkart? (vi) Overvåking av askeskuddsyke; (vii) Andre spesielle skogskader i 2021.