Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2023
Sammendrag
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Forfattere
Volkmar Timmermann Isabella Børja Nicholas Clarke Rune Eriksen Jostein Gohli Gro Hylen Jane Uhd Jepsen Paal Krokene Holger Lange Helge Meissner Nina Elisabeth Nagy Jørn-Frode Nordbakken Sverre Solberg Halvor Solheim Ole Petter Laksforsmo Vindstad Bjørn Økland Wenche AasSammendrag
Skogens helsetilstand påvirkes i stor grad av klima og værforhold, enten direkte ved tørke, frost og vind, eller indirekte ved at klimaet påvirker omfanget av soppsykdommer og insektangrep. Klimaendringene og den forventede økningen i klimarelaterte skogskader gir store utfordringer for forvaltningen av framtidas skogressurser. Det samme gjør invaderende skadegjørere, både allerede etablerte arter og nye som kan komme til Norge i nær framtid. I denne rapporten presenteres resultater fra skogskadeovervåkingen i Norge i 2021 og trender over tid for følgende temaer: (i) Landsrepresentativ skogovervåking; (ii) Skogøkologiske analyser og målinger av luftkjemi på de intensive overvåkingsflatene; (iii) Overvåking av bjørkemålere i Troms og Finnmark; (iv) Barkbilleovervåkingen 2021 og mulig overgang til to generasjoner; (v) Asiatisk askepraktbille – en dørstokkart? (vi) Overvåking av askeskuddsyke; (vii) Andre spesielle skogskader i 2021.
Sammendrag
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Forfattere
Tatiana Francischinelli Rittl Teresa Gómez de la Bárcena Eva Farkas Trond Henriksen Sigrid Trier Kjær Peter Dörsch Randi Berland FrøsethSammendrag
In Norway, cover crops were introduced to prevent loss of nitrogen and phosphorous from fields to waterways. Today, cover crops are also used to restore soil organic matter and improve soil health. Yet, the direction and magnitude of these effects are variable, and little is known about the persistence of the C derived from the cover crops in the soil. In the CAPTURE project, we evaluated the soil C sequestration potential from different cover crops used in the main cereal production areas in Norway. To do so, we used pulse labelling with 13C (CO2) to label four different cover crop species Italian ryegrass, phacelia, oilseed radish and summer vetch through their growing period. Cover crops were grown in a monoculture to enable the labelling. The results of the first year of the experiment show that cover crops produced 10- 14 Mg ha-1 above ground biomass, corresponding to 4-6 Mg C ha-1. At the end of the growing season, 3-5% of cover crop C was found in the soil particulate organic matter (POM) fraction and 2-4% in the soil mineral organic matter fraction (MAOM). In the following years, the fate of C derived from the cover crops in the soil will be determined. Furthermore, the soil C sequestration of the different cover crops will be scaled to barley plots in the same experiment, to which cover crops had been undersown in spring or summer. In these plots, N2O emissions have been measured through the whole year. The greenhouse gas trade-offs of cover crops in Norwegian cereal production will be estimated.
Forfattere
Budiman Minasny Diana Vigah Adetsu Matt Aitkenhead Rebekka R. E. Artz Nikki Baggaley Alexandra Barthelmes Amélie Beucher Jean Caron Giulia Conchedda John Connolly Raphaël Deragon Chris Evans Kjetil Fadnes Dian Fiantis Zisis Gagkas Louis Gilet Alessandro Gimona Stephan Glatzel Mogens H. Greve Wahaj Habib Kristell Hergoualc’h Cecilie Hermansen Darren B. Kidd Triven Koganti Dianna Kopansky David J. Large Tuula Larmola Allan Lilly Haojie Liu Matthew Marcus Maarit Middleton Keith Morrison Rasmus Jes Petersen Tristan Quaife Line Rochefort NN Rudiyanto Linda Toca Francesco N. Tubiello Peter Lystbæk Weber Simon Weldon Wirastuti Widyatmanti Jenny Williamson Dominik ZakSammendrag
Peatlands cover only 3–4% of the Earth’s surface, but they store nearly 30% of global soil carbon stock. This significant carbon store is under threat as peatlands continue to be degraded at alarming rates around the world. It has prompted countries worldwide to establish regulations to conserve and reduce emissions from this carbon rich ecosystem. For example, the EU has implemented new rules that mandate sustainable management of peatlands, critical to reaching the goal of carbon neutrality by 2050. However, a lack of information on the extent and condition of peatlands has hindered the development of national policies and restoration efforts. This paper reviews the current state of knowledge on mapping and monitoring peatlands from field sites to the globe and identifies areas where further research is needed. It presents an overview of the different methodologies used to map peatlands in nine countries, which vary in definition of peat soil and peatland, mapping coverage, and mapping detail. Whereas mapping peatlands across the world with only one approach is hardly possible, the paper highlights the need for more consistent approaches within regions having comparable peatland types and climates to inform their protection and urgent restoration. The review further summarises various approaches used for monitoring peatland conditions and functions. These include monitoring at the plot scale for degree of humification and stoichiometric ratio, and proximal sensing such as gamma radiometrics and electromagnetic induction at the field to landscape scale for mapping peat thickness and identifying hotspots for greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Remote sensing techniques with passive and active sensors at regional to national scale can help in monitoring subsidence rate, water table, peat moisture, landslides, and GHG emissions. Although the use of water table depth as a proxy for interannual GHG emissions from peatlands has been well established, there is no single remote sensing method or data product yet that has been verified beyond local or regional scales. Broader land-use change and fire monitoring at a global scale may further assist national GHG inventory reporting. Monitoring of peatland conditions to evaluate the success of individual restoration schemes still requires field work to assess local proxies combined with remote sensing and modeling. Long-term monitoring is necessary to draw valid conclusions on revegetation outcomes and associated GHG emissions in rewetted peatlands, as their dynamics are not fully understood at the site level. Monitoring vegetation development and hydrology of restored peatlands is needed as a proxy to assess the return of water and changes in nutrient cycling and biodiversity.
Forfattere
Arne Sæbø Hans Martin Hanslin Bart Muys David W. Shanafelt Tommaso Sitzia Roberto TognettiSammendrag
The BioCities concept builds on the integration of natural and human processes in urban design, with natural biotic and abiotic factors and processes integrated with the development of constructed features to provide for human well-being.
Sammendrag
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Sammendrag
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Sammendrag
Det nasjonale overvåkingsprogrammet JOVA (Program for jord- og vannovervåking i landbruket) overvåker nedbørfelt som er representative for de ulike jordbruksproduksjonene og –regionene i Norge og er valgt ut mht. klima, jordsmonn, driftspraksis og -intensitet. Det er i dette prosjektet analysert overvåkingsdata for et utvalg vannløselige og mobile plantevernmidler (MCPA, bentazon, metribuzin, metalaksyl) som har vært godkjent i mange år og som gjenfinnes ofte i vannmiljø og dermed utgjør et størst mulig datagrunnlag for å finne eventuelle sammenhenger mellom funn, værforhold og driftspraksis. De gjennomførte analysene viste imidlertid at dataene ikke er av et slikt format eller omfang at det er mulig å hente ut informasjon som kan benyttes direkte til praktisk veiledning for en mer bærekraftig bruk av plantevernmidler. Dette vil kreve mye mer detaljerte og tidkrevende analyser, eventuelt modellutvikling og modellsimuleringer, som ikke er forenlige med formålet med og ressursene tilgjengelig for dagens overvåking.
Sammendrag
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