Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2026
Sammendrag
Blue rings (BRs) are wood anatomy anomalies that present great potential in identifying cold spells during the growing season. In this study, we investigated the effect of temperature anomalies on the occurrence of two types of BR in Pinus sylvestris at its northern distribution limit in Norway. Of the 3508 individual tree rings from 1727 to 2022 analysed, we identified 206 BRs from a span of 85 years, the oldest formed in 1730. We distinguished two types of BR: Type A with normal earlywood and latewood ending with a thin blue layer; and Type B with the entire latewood zone replaced by earlywood-like tracheids. Our results demonstrate that the two types have a common climatic trigger – a cool spring and autumn. However, Type A is more linked to tree-ring width, whereas Type B is associated more closely with tree ontogeny and local environmental constraints. Although we observed the formation of BRs even in old trees, we found that they formed more frequently in young specimens. We showed that while the short-term cyclical drivers of Type A remained persistent, the climatic or environmental drivers associated with Type B gradually diminished under climate change. Our study demonstrates that the differentiation of BRs into types can contribute to a better understanding of their driving factors; however, detailed intra-annual phenological and xylogenetic monitoring will be crucial to achieve further insights.
Forfattere
Han Wang Keqiang Zhang Muheng Liu Shenwei Cheng Cheryl Marie Cordeiro Erik Sindhøj Junfeng Liang Yuanfang Zeng Shizhou Shen Suli ZhiSammendrag
Background: Manure-amended agricultural soil is a critical reservoir of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), posing escalating threats to environmental health and food safety. However, the temporal trajectories of ARG prevalence throughout the complete reproductive cycle of cash crops, and their mechanistic linkages with fertilization regimes and microbial community succession, remain inadequately understood. Methods: To bridge this knowledge gap, we conducted an in situ field experiment over the entire growth period of Chinese cabbage at a long-term manure-amended farm in Tianjin, China. Six contrasting fertilization strategies were evaluated: unfertilized control (CK1), unfertilized baseline control (CK2), traditional full-rate combined manure–chemical fertilization (TF), traditional half-rate combined manure–chemical fertilization (T1), half-dose sole manure fertilizer (T2), and half-dose sole chemical fertilizer only (T3). Results: Our results demonstrated that ARG abundance and associated mobile genetic elements (MGEs) exhibited a pronounced transient surge immediately post-fertilization, yet reverted to baseline levels by harvest, revealing a tangible resilience of the soil resistome. Notably, the optimized half-organic fertilization (T2) effectively curtailed the proliferation of manure-derived pathogenic taxa while preserving beneficial keystone phyla (e.g., Acidobacteria and Proteobacteria), indicating a trade-off between nutrient provisioning and ecological filtering. Co-occurrence network analysis further identified MB-A2-108, Saccharimonadales, and Rokubacteriales as pivotal hosts for multidrug-resistant ARGs, underscoring that microbial interspecific interactions—rather than taxonomic richness alone—are the primary drivers of resistome succession. Quantitative risk assessment confirmed that the T2 regimen reduced the composite ARG contamination index (CFzone) by 25% relative to conventional full fertilization (TF), while maintaining comparable cabbage yields. Conclusions: Collectively, our findings advocate for precision organic fertilization as a nature-based solution that synchronizes nutrient supply with crop demand, curtails ARG propagation, and mitigates long-term agroecological risks.
Forfattere
Linn Vassvik Anders Nielsen Michael P. D. Garratt Bjørn Arild Hatteland Joseph Chipperfield Erik Trond AschehougSammendrag
Apples are dependent upon pollinators for the transfer of pollen between cultivars to ensure high quality fruit production. Agricultural intensification has reduced the availability of stable floral resources for wild bees, leading to widespread declines of important pollinators of apples. Managed honeybees are commonly used to supplement pollination services in apple orchards, but honeybees are less efficient pollinators compared to wild bees. We investigated whether increased flower abundance in the understory vegetation of apple orchards can increase pollinator activity to apple flowers. We compared bee visitation in five orchards in Eastern Norway: three unmowed orchards, and two mowed orchards. In unmowed orchards, dandelions ( Taraxacum spp.) dominated the understory vegetation. Bee observations were conducted on the understory vegetation and apple trees, via manual observations and time-lapse cameras. Wild bees preferentially visited apple flowers over dandelions, while honeybees did not differ in their visits to apple flowers and dandelion flowers. We also found that the abundance of dandelion flowers in the understory increased visits by wild bees to apple flowers. Taken together, this suggests that within orchard floral resources do not compete for pollinators but instead increase apple visitation and improve pollination success. Our results highlight the importance of managing apple orchards for wild bee populations and the potential short-term benefits of understory floral resources on apple production. Implications for insect conservation Our results show that understory vegetation should be left unmowed to increase pollination of apple flowers and provide pollinators with alternate floral resources before, during, and after apple flowering.
Sammendrag
Biochar, a carbon‐rich product of pyrolysis, is increasingly considered for soil amendment and climate change mitigation due to its potential to enhance soil properties and sequester carbon. However, its effects on tree growth in forest ecosystems remain uncertain. This study investigated the impact of biochar and nitrogen‐enriched biochar on the growth of two middle‐aged (approximately 60‐year‐old) Scots pine stands in southeastern Norway. Both stands were characterized by medium site indices and podzolic soils. In replicated field experiments, we applied four treatments consisting of an unfertilized control, and addition of biochar (2.5 t ha −1 ), nitrogen fertilizer (150 kg N ha −1 ), or biochar loaded with nitrogen (2.5 t biochar +150 kg N ha −1 ). The biochar was produced by pyrolysis of Norway spruce wood chips at 600°C. After 5 years, only treatments containing added nitrogen (either as mineral fertilizer or as nutrient‐enriched biochar) significantly increased basal area and volume growth compared to control. No significant difference in timing or magnitude of effects was observed between the nitrogen and biochar + nitrogen treatments, except better annual growth in the combined treatment the third year after fertilization, indicating rapid nitrogen release and uptake regardless of carrier. Pure biochar did not stimulate tree growth. While biochar did not negatively affect growth, its direct role as a growth stimulant was not supported under these conditions, at least in the short‐term with the dose of 2.5 t ha −1 . Further research is needed across different forest ages, site types, and application rates to fully understand biochar's potential in forestry.
Forfattere
Anne Linn Hykkerud Meeri Santikko Michel Verheul Baoru Yang Niina Kelanne Dmitry Kechasov Anita SønstebySammendrag
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Sean O’ConnorSammendrag
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Narta ElshaniSammendrag
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Darius KviklysSammendrag
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