2019
Forfattere
Habtamu AlemSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
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Fakta-ark for analyse av rester av plantevernmidler i miljøprøver. Metoder og priser.
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Forfattere
Hong Yang Lisa Paruch Xunji Chen André van Eerde Hanne Skomedal Yanliang Wang Di Liu Jihong Liu ClarkeSammendrag
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Forfattere
Hong Yang Lisa Paruch Xunji Chen Andre van Eerde Hanne Skomedal Yanliang Wang Di Liu Jihong Liu ClarkeSammendrag
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Forfattere
Adam ParuchSammendrag
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Forfattere
J. William Allwood Tomasz Leszek Woznicki Yun Xu Alexandre Foito Kjersti Aaby Julie Sungurtas Sabine Freitag Royston Goodacre Derek Stewart Siv Fagertun Remberg Ola M Heide Anita SønstebySammendrag
Introduction Blackcurrant (Ribes nigrum L.) is an excellent example of a “super fruit” with potential health benefits. Both genotype and cultivation environment are known to affect the chemical composition of blackcurrant, especially ascorbic acid and various phenolic compounds. Environmental conditions, like temperature, solar radiation and precipitation can also have significant impact on fruit chemical composition. The relevance of the study is further accentuated by the predicted and ongoing changes in global climate. Objectives The aim of the present study was to provide new knowledge and a deeper understanding of the effects of post flowering environmental conditions, namely temperature and day length, on fruit quality and chemical composition of blackcurrant using an untargeted high performance liquid chromatography–photo diode array–mass spectrometry (HPLC– PDA–MS) metabolomics approach. Methods A phytotron experiment with cultivation of single-stemmed potted plants of blackcurrant cv. Narve Viking was conducted using constant temperatures of 12, 18 or 24 °C and three different photoperiods (short day, short day with night interruption, and natural summer daylight conditions). Plants were also grown under ambient outdoor conditions. Ripe berries were analysed using an untargeted HPLC–PDA–MS metabolomics approach to detect the presence and concentration of molecules as affected by controlled climatic factors. Results The untargeted metabolomics dataset contained a total of 7274 deconvolved retention time-m/z pairs across both electrospray ionisation (ESI) positive and negative polarities, from which 549 metabolites were identified or minimally annotated based upon accurate mass MS. Conventional principal component analysis (PCA) in combination with the Friedman significance test were applied to first identify which metabolites responded to temperature in a linear fashion. Multi-block hierarchical PCA in combination with the Friedman significance test was secondly applied to identify metabolites that were responsive to different day length conditions. Temperature had significant effect on a total of 365 metabolites representing a diverse range of chemical classes. It was observed that ripening of the blackcurrant berries under ambient conditions, compared to controlled conditions, resulted in an increased accumulation of 34 annotated metabolites, mainly anthocyanins and flavonoids. 18 metabolites were found to be regulated differentially under the different daylength conditions. Moreover, based upon the most abundant anthocyanins, a comparison between targeted and untargeted analyses, revealed a close convergence of the two analytical methods. Therefore, the study not just illustrates the value of non-targeted metabolomics approaches with respect to the huge diversity and numbers of significantly changed metabolites detected (and which would be missed by conventional targeted analyses), but also shows the validity of the non-targeted approach with respect to its precision compared to targeted analyses. Conclusions Blackcurrant maturation under controlled ambient conditions revealed a number of insightful relationships between environment and chemical composition of the fruit. A prominent reduction of the most abundant anthocyanins under the highest temperature treatments indicated that blackcurrant berries in general may accumulate lower total anthocyanins in years with extreme hot summer conditions. HPLC–PDA–MS metabolomics is an excellent method for broad analysis of chemical composition of berries rich in phenolic compounds. Moreover, the experiment in controlled phytotron conditions provided additional knowledge concerning plant interactions with the environment.
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AR5 er et heldekende, nasjonalt kartdatasett som beskriver arealressursene ut fra produksjonsgrunnlaget for jord- og skogbruk. Datasettet skal primært dekke behov innen arealplanlegging, landbruksforvaltning, landbruksnæringer og lovforvaltning. Datasettet bygger på AR5 klassifikasjonssystem. Klassifikasjonen gir en inndeling av landarealet i polygoner som er beskrevet med et sett av verdier for egenskapene arealtype, skogbonitet, treslag og grunnforhold. Hovedinndelinga er arealtype basert på kriterier for vegetasjon og kulturpåvirkning. Første versjon av datasettet ble avledet fra digitalt markslagskart (DMK), og dekket bare områdene som var omfattet av Økonomisk kartverk. For marginale områder er det definert en enkel utgave av AR5 der kun egenskapen arealtype er påkrevd å registrere. AR5 inngår i Felles KartdataBase (FKB) og forvaltes innen de samme organisatoriske ordningene som andre detaljerte kartdata. Datasettet skal holdes løpende à jour basert på opplysninger fra saksbehandling, synfaring eller flybilder.
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Det er ikke registrert sammendrag