Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2026
Forfattere
Petter Öhrn Mats Berlin Jan-Olov Weslien Malin Elfstrand Paal Krokene Anna Maria Jönsson Audrius MenkisSammendrag
Background and aims Drought weakens tree defenses, predisposing Norway spruce (Picea abies) to spruce bark beetle (Ips typographus) attack. The extreme 2018 summer drought in Sweden triggered an unprecedented bark beetle outbreak. Our objective was to quantify how weather, soil moisture, and tree provenance influence Norway spruce defense capacity to a necrotrophic beetle-associated pathogen. Methods Trees at three sites in Sweden were inoculated with the phytopathogenic fungus Leptographium europhioides on four occasions during each of the 2019 and 2021 growing seasons. At each site, we inoculated spruce provenances of Swedish or East European origin, with early and late spring bud burst, respectively. Tree defense capacity, expressed as the extent of necrotic lesion formation following fungal inoculation, was used as a proxy for resistance to bark beetle attack. Results Spruce defense capacity (i.e. lesion size) differed with water availability (both precipitation and soil moisture conditions) but not with the timing of spring bud burst. There were within-season differences, with trees having less efficient defenses (producing larger lesions) in the early season (June). On intermediate soil moisture sites, lesions were larger in 2019 than in 2021. In both years, there was a significant negative correlation between lesion size and water availability in the autumn of the previous year. Conclusion Spruce defense capacity varied with local environmental conditions but not with provenance phenology. Variations between study years reflected the sensitivity of spruce defenses to climatic variability and the partial recovery of tree resistance 3 years after the 2018 drought.
Forfattere
Ingunn Berget Atle Wehn Hegnes Mari Øvrum Gaarder Valerie Lengard Almli Geir Wæhler GustavsenSammendrag
Consumers play a key role in the much-needed transition to a more sustainable food system. However, consumers' willingness and ability to undergo behavioural changes may depend on personality traits as well as their motivation and awareness of the need for a more sustainable food consumption. Segmentation of consumers can therefore be useful for understanding individual differences and for the development of targeted interventions for behavioural changes. In this paper, an instrument to profile and classify Norwegian consumers is developed using a national representative sample (N = 3600). The proposed instrument comprises twenty items to measure personality traits defined by a condensed version of the Big Five Inventory as well as seven items related to attitudes to food waste, reuse and recycling. Three segments characterised by differences in openness to experience, and attitudes to food waste and reuse/recycling were identified. The segments are profiled on habits related to purchase behaviour, meal planning, as well as frequency of meat and vegetable consumption. Based on the profiles, the segments were labelled Need to Change (30%), Want to Change (41%) and Hard to Change (29%) emphasizing either low concern about food waste (Need to Change), higher concern and openness to change (Want to Change) or low scores on openness (Hard to Change). We propose that the developed instrument can be applied for profiling consumers in the Norwegian context, for tailoring consumer interventions. The study underscores that supporting the food system transition requires differentiated consumer strategies: engaging the motivated, empowering the open, and carefully reaching the resistant.
Forfattere
Marta Vergarechea C Antón-Fernández J.U Jepsen Ole Petter Laksforsmo Vindstad Nicolas Cattaneo J.J Camarero Rasmus AstrupSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
Viroids are the smallest known nucleic acid‐based infectious agents of plants and consist of single‐stranded, circular, non‐coding RNAs that can cause significant crop diseases. The potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTVd), a model Pospiviroidae member, severely impacts Solanaceous hosts like potato and tomato, causing substantial yield reductions. Its 359‐nucleotide, rod‐like genome, with five functional domains, mediates nuclear replication, systemic movement via plasmodesmata and phloem, and evasion of host RNA silencing. High mutation rates generate diverse quasi‐species, enhancing adaptability. Recent multi‐omics studies reveal PSTVd reprogramming of host transcriptomes, epigenomes, and metabolomes, disrupting defence, hormone signalling, and photosynthesis. Within the plant holobiont, PSTVd modulates interactions with viruses, notably via RNA‐directed DNA methylation, and may affect rhizosphere microbial communities indirectly via changes in host physiology, an area that remains poorly resolved. This review synthesises advances in PSTVd structure, infection mechanisms, and holobiont interactions, highlighting its role in uncovering RNA‐mediated pathogenesis principles. Key knowledge gaps persist regarding host factors facilitating systemic spread and interactions with other organisms, such as microbial communities. Ongoing PSTVd research is essential to address this gap and guide strategies for viroid‐resistant crops and sustainable control.
Sammendrag
Collection, processing and provision of comprehensive geometric information of forest roads is decisive for its technical classification to facilitate sustainable timber supply chains. An automized classification system based on the mobile proximal sensor platform RoadSens was developed, applied and validated through a case study approach in Eastern Norway. Six sample roads of various vegetation stages were surveyed through RoadSens and complemented through sampled total station measurements for validation purposes. The determined geometric parameters road slope, curvature and width were used for technical classification following the national forest road standard. Road width was identified as the main constraint in meeting the standard, resulting in a general downgrading of the sampled roads according to its technical class. The results showed a root mean square error (RMSE) ranging from ±0.53 to 1.50 m (12–33%) depending on the road and vegetation stage compared to the validation data. Despite these accuracy constraints, the application case study already indicates a general need for improvement of road data acquisition and updating of associated databases. The study underscores that, despite the challenges and limitations, there is a clear need for an automated sensing and classification system, which offers a cost-effective alternative to manual surveying and requires less specialized expertise.
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
Xylella fastidiosa er en alvorlig planteskadegjører som kan forårsake visnesyke hos en lang rekke vertplanter, blant annet Prunus-arter, løvtrær, prydplanter og grøntanleggsvekster. Bakterien koloniserer plantenes xylem og hemmer vanntransporten, noe som kan føre til gulning, sviskader, visning og i alvorlige tilfeller plantedød. Bakterien er aldri påvist i Norge, men er etablert i flere europeiske land og skaper store problemer, blant annet i olivenplantinger i Sør-Italia. Den utbredte forekomsten i Europa gjør at import av vertsplanter representerer en vedvarende risiko for introduksjon til Norge. Norge har tidligere gjennomført kartlegginger i 2017, 2018 og 2022, og X. fastidiosa ble ikke påvist i noen av disse undersøkelsene. I sesongen 2025 mottok og analyserte NIBIO 251 prøver fra minst 57 ulike vertsplanter med opprinnelse fra minst 10 land. Prøvene ble samlet inn fra produksjonsmiljøer, omsetningsledd, botaniske hager, parker, skog og frukthager i fire geografiske regioner i Norge. Bakterien ble heller ikke påvist i 2025, og Norge regnes fortsatt som fritt for bakterien. Gitt den vedvarende risikoen knyttet til internasjonal plantehandel anses fortsatt overvåking som avgjørende for å oppdage en eventuell introduksjon på et tidlig tidspunkt.
Sammendrag
Lys ringråte, forårsaket av bakterien Clavibacter sepedonicus (Cms, tidligere Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus), er en alvorlig bakteriesykdom på potet som kan føre til betydelige avlingstap ved kraftige angrep. Sykdommen har vært kjent i Norge siden 1964. I den siste kartleggingsperioden (2019–2025) har lys ringråte blitt påvist i et svært begrenset antall prøver, hos produsenter av mat- og industripoteti mat- og industripotet. Mørk ringråte er forårsaket av bakterien Ralstonia solanacearum (Rs) som er en karanteneskadegjører og angriper potet og andre planter i søtvierfamilien. Sykdommen fører til ødeleggelse av plantens ledningsvev, noe som resulterer i visning av riset og utvikling av brun ringråte i potetknollene. Selv om sykdommen forekommer i flere europeiske land, har den ikke blitt påvist i Norge. I sesongen 2025 ble det mottatt 310 potetprøver til analyse. Det ble ikke påvist verken lys ringråte eller mørk ringråte i noen av prøvene. Resultatene fra 2025 viser at status for lys ringråte i Norge i henhold til ISPM 8 fortsatt er: present, not widely distributed and under official control. Resultatene fra 2025 bekrefter at status for mørk ringråte i Norge i henhold til ISPM 8 fortsatt er: absent, pest not recorded.
Sammendrag
This study quantified field-scale nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) removal by crop harvests, balances, and use efficiencies in 14 grass fields in the Timebekken catchment. Measurements of grass yields, nutrient concentrations, manure composition, and soil properties across multiple fields and farms were combined with survey data. Results showed large variation across farms and fields in day matter yield, nutrient inputs, removals, balances, and use efficiencies. Annual dry matter yield ranged 6,830–12,800 kg ha-1 (mean 9,010 kg ha-1) in 2024 and 7,480–12,130 kg ha⁻¹ (mean 9,800 kg ha⁻¹) in 2025. In 2024, nutrient inputs as mineral fertilizers and manure ranged 169–362 kg N ha⁻¹ (mean 240 kg ha⁻¹) and 23–57 kg P ha⁻¹ (mean 40 kg ha⁻¹). Corresponding nutrient removal ranged 150–303 kg N ha⁻¹ (mean 220 kg ha⁻¹) and 22–40 kg P ha⁻¹ (mean 29 kg ha⁻¹). Nutrient balances ranged from −111 to +182 kg ha⁻¹ (+14 kg ha⁻¹) for N and from −14 to +35 kg ha⁻¹ (12 kg ha⁻¹) for P. Nutrient use efficiency (input∕removal) ranged 50%–166% (mean 100%) for N and 38%–160% (mean 80%) for P. Overall, results indicate consistent management within farms but clear differences between farms, and therefore substantial potential for improving fertilizer and manure precision while maintaining yields. Phosphorus yield exceeded 27 kg ha-1 in several fields, in some 35 kg ha-1, which are the maximal allowed fertilizer limits from 2033. This substantiates farmers’ concerns about these limits being too low, yet average P inputs still exceeded crop demand. Despite lower topsoil P-AL in 2023 than in 2005, soil P status remained high, likely sustaining yields under stricter P limits. Elevated subsoil P highlights long-term loss risks and the need for targeted mitigation measures in hotspot areas. The study also calls for more monitoring of manure nutrients, yields, and soil P properties.
Sammendrag
Rapporten beskriver resultatene fra overvåkings- og kartleggingsprogrammet for skadegjørere i jordbær i Norge i 2025, med fokus på bakterien Xanthomonas fragariae, som forårsaker bakteriebladflekk på jordbær. Programmet ble gjennomført av NIBIO på oppdrag fra Mattilsynet for å kartlegge forekomsten av denne karanteneregulerte planteskadegjøreren og oppdage en eventuell introduksjon i Norge på et tidlig stadium. I overvåkingen i 2025 ble det samlet inn 141 prøver fra jordbærproduksjon i ulike deler av Norge, både fra friland og veksthusproduksjon. Prøvene ble analysert ved NIBIO ved hjelp av DNA-baserte metoder (real-time PCR) i henhold til EPPOs diagnostiske standard PM 7/65 (2) for Xanthomonas fragariae. Resultatene viste ett tilfelle av latent smitte av Xanthomonas fragariae i sorten ‘Malwina’ hos en jordbærprodusent på Sørlandet. Feltet var etablert i 2024 med planter importert fra Tyskland. Andre prøver fra samme leverandør og importparti ble negative. Bakterien er tidligere kun påvist én gang i Norge (2018), også da som latent smitte i importerte planter. Resultatene tyder på at forekomsten i Norge er lav, men at import av jordbærplanter fra land der sykdommen forekommer fortsatt utgjør en risiko for introduksjon.