Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2016
Sammendrag
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Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
C. A. Baroffio V. Guibert P. Richoz A. Rogivue A. K. Borg-Karlsson J. Cross M. Fountain D. Hall B. Ralle L. Sigsgaard Nina Trandem Atle WibeSammendrag
In the absence of effective control measures, the strawberry blossom weevil (Anthonomus rubi) (SBW) and the raspberry beetle (Byturus tomentosus) (RB) cause large (10 - >80%) losses in yield and quality in organically grown raspberry. Attractive lures for both pests were combined into a single multitrap for the economical management of both of these pests at the same time. This is one of the first approaches to pest management of non-lepidopteran insect pests of horticultural crops using semiochemicals in the EU, and probably the first to target multiple species from different insect orders. The aim is to develop optimized lures and cost-effective trap designs for mass trapping and to determine the optimum density and spatial and temporal patterns of deployment of the traps for controlling these pests by mass trapping. The combination between an aggregation pheromone that attracts Anthonomus rubi and a raspberry flower volatile that attracts Byturus tomentosus seems to be the best combination.
Forfattere
Adam O'toole David Andersson Achim Gerlach Bruno Glaser Claudia Kammann Jürgen Kern Kirsi Kuoppamäki Jan Mumme Hans-Peter Schmidt Michael Schulze Franziska Srocke Marianne Stenrød John StenströmSammendrag
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Sammendrag
På grunn av globale klimaendringer er det forventet at nedbøren i Norge vil øke i mengde og intensitet i fremtiden. De forskjellige aspektene ved nedbør, slik som mengde, intensitet, tidspunkt og varighet, kan ha stor betydning for jordbruket. Mye regn i ulike perioder av året kan være problematisk for kjøreforhold, jordarbeiding og soppangrep, mens mye regn konsentrert på få dager kan være problematisk for jordtap og vannkvalitet. Lange tidsserier med overvåkingsdata i Program for jord- og vannovervåking i landbruket (JOVA) kan gi innsikt i hvordan endringene i nedbør kan påvirke jordbruket og vannkvaliteten i viktige jordbruksområder i Norge. I dette faktaarket presenteres noen analyser av de lange tidsseriene med nedbørdata fra et utvalg av de nedbørfeltene som overvåkes i JOVA.
Sammendrag
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Forfattere
Dag-Ragnar BlystadSammendrag
Sharkavirus (Plum pox virus, PPV) er en karanteneskadegjører som har blitt funnet i plomme, fersken og aprikos i Norge. Første påvisning var i 1998. Siden da har det pågått et kartleggings- og utryddingsprogram med det mål å utrydde sharkavirus fra frukthager med kommersiell plommedyrking i Norge. Dette arbeidet ble fortsatt i 2014 og 2015 med testing av kvistprøver fra importpartier i perioden desember til april med henholdsvis 934 kvistprøver i 2014 og 1037 kvistprøver i 2015. Det ble ikke påvist sharkavirus i noen av disse prøvene. Frukthager med tidligere funn ble også fulgt opp i disse to årene. I 2014 ble det påvist sharkavirus i 13 av totalt 77 prøver. I 2015 var det funn i 16 av 49 prøver. Infiserte prøver var fra Leikanger og Svelvik og av sortene ‘Mallard’, Edda’ og ‘Valor’.
Sammendrag
In this chapter we will focus on the tick Ixodes ricinus, with its main geographical distribution in Europe. It is known to transmit a variety of pathogens, among them Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, the causative agent of Lyme borreliosis. Tick population control is one of the measures to reduce the incidence of tick-borne diseases. Due to non-target effects of chemical acaricides, acquired resistance against chemical acaricides and increased regulations, there is a demand for sustainable control measures that may be used in integrated vector management (IVM) of ticks. This chapter describes and evaluates the present knowledge on biological control of I. ricinus as an alternative to the use of chemical acaricides. Biological control makes use of living organisms (e.g. fungi, bacteria, nematodes, invertebrate predators, parasitoids) to suppress a pest population. The natural occurrence of these organisms in I. ricinus and the use of these organisms as biological control agents against I. ricinus are reviewed. Entomopathogenic fungi (Beauveria and Metarhizium spp.) are the most commonly used biocontrol agents against ticks. A variety of nematode species are also shown to be effective against different tick species, but the knowledge on the operational use of invertebrate predators and parasitoids to control ticks is limited. We conclude that there are several candidates for the biological control of ticks, but that the knowledge on the natural occurrence and efficacy of these to control I. ricinus populations is very limited. There is, therefore, a need of more studies on naturally occurring enemies of I. ricinus to be able to suggest possible biocontrol candidates. These candidates should be tested in controlled laboratory and field studies with the aim to develop elegant, precise and effective biocontrol strategies for the control of I. ricinus that may be used alone or in combination with other control strategies in IVM.
Forfattere
Thiago Castro Samuel Roggia Vitalis Wekesa Rafael de Andrade Moral Clarice GB Demétrio Italo Jr. Delalibera Ingeborg KlingenSammendrag
Background. The beneficial fungus Neozygites floridana kills the two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae, which is a serious polyphagous plant pest worldwide. Outbreaks of spider mites in strawberry and soybean have been associated with pesticide applications. Pesticides may affect N. floridana and consequently the natural control of T. urticae. N. floridana is a fungus difficult to grow in artificial media, and for this reason, very few studies have been conducted with this fungus, especially regarding the impact of pesticides. The aim of this study was to conduct a laboratory experiment to evaluate the effect of pesticides used in strawberry and soybean crops on N. floridana. Results. Among the pesticides used in strawberry, the fungicides sulfur and cyprodinil + fludioxonil completely inhibited both the sporulation and conidial germination of N. floridana. The fungicide fluazinam affected N. floridana drastically. The application of the fungicide tebuconazole and the insecticides fenpropathrin and abamectin resulted in a less pronounced negative effect on N. floridana. Except for epoxiconazole and cyproconazole, all tested fungicides used in soybean resulted in a complete inhibition of N. floridana. Among the three insecticides used in soybean, lambda-cyhalothrin and deltamethrin resulted in a significant inhibition of N. floridana. Conclusion. The insecticides/ acaricides abamectin and lambda-cyhalothrin at half concentrations and fenpropathrin and permethrin and the fungicide tebuconazole at the recommended concentrations resulted in the lowest impact on N. floridana. The fungicides with the active ingredients sulfur, cyprodinil + fludioxonil, azoxystrobin, azoxystrobin + cyproconazole, trifloxystrobin + tebuconazole and pyraclostrobin + epoxiconazole negatively affected N. floridana. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Sammendrag
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