Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2026
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Simeon Rossmann Erik Lysøe Monica Skogen Håvard Eikemo Marta Janiszewska Mirella Ludwiczewska Sylwester Sobkowiak Jadwiga Sliwka May Bente BrurbergSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
K.R. Everett N. Alkan C.L. Lennox M. Wenneker R.R. Burlakoti R.W.A. Scheper S.G. Aćimović D. Adora L. Aragón E. Baldassarre Svecova M. Bannister A. Bernasconi S. Bhatia I. Block Jorunn Børve A. Casas M. Chillet E.K. Dann G. Derrick S. Droby M. van Dyk J. Faust S. Gabioud Rebeaud M. Guizzardi J.L. Henriquez S. Kabir S. Kandel G.S. Karaoglanidis R. Kilmister F. Khodadadi A. Licheter P.-H. Lo K. Ludman-Mihaly D. Marinkovich G. Makhathini Mkhwanazi J.C. Meitz-Hopkins J.M. van Niekerk I. Nokdy L. Palou J. Parra G. Parton K. Peter S. Pushparajah W. du Plooy S. Rivera G. Romanazzi F.R. Shiraz S. Testempasis K. Tomingas C. de Villiers X. XuSammendrag
A workshop was held during the VII International Symposium on Postharvest Pathology (held in conjunction with the IX International Postharvest Symposium and the X International Symposium on Human Health Effects of Fruit and Vegetables) to discuss reducing fungicides in orchards for controlling postharvest diseases. This article summarizes the discussion that was guided by four convenors (Burlakoti, Wenneker, Lennox, Alkan), stimulated by the two organizers (Scheper, Everett), and contributed to by 45 workshop participants. Alternative treatments and procedures discussed included the importance of an elucidated disease cycle and knowledge of pathogen biology to target control strategies. Also discussed were novel/unconventional controls such as inducing a defense response or RNA interference, biocontrol including new knowledge of the microbiome, manipulation of the environment and physical treatments. Given the complexity of fruit decay and pathogen resistance processes, a combination of treatments is likely to be the best solution. For instance, combining physical treatments like UV-C exposure with biological priming or chemical agents could result in synergistic effects that enhance resistance more effectively than any single treatment alone.
Sammendrag
Core rot in apple has only been considered a problem in a limited number of cultivars and has not been a focus in Norway, or in many other countries. There is currently a high demand for apple juice and cider in Norway. As core rot is not detectable on the fruit surface until the rot reaches the outer fruit flesh, it is possible for infected fruit to be used for juice without noticing the rot. Since Fusarium spp., one of the known causes of core rot, is a known producer of mycotoxins, precautionary investigations are needed. Over several seasons it was found that both pre- and postharvest rot of Fusarium spp. were common on most of the cultivars grown in Norway. As in other countries, Fusarium avenaceum has dominated so far, but Fusarium paeoniae was also identified on apple. Inoculation experiments with attached fruit and in storage were successful both in establishing core rot and detecting different mycotoxins from the fruit. There were differences between isolates of F. avenaceum in both the type of mycotoxins produced and the amount. A potential life cycle for Fusarium spp. on apple fruit in Norway is suggested, and possible ways of reducing the incidence both pre- and postharvest are discussed.
Sammendrag
In Norway, plum fruit is sold for fresh consumption in a similar way as sweet cherry for a high price. Different treatments were tested to ensure high quality at the consumer end. The fruit is normally picked with a range in ripeness. At packaging grading the fruit in different maturity classes for intended sale in shorter (Ripe+) and longer channels (Ripe-) has been partially implemented in the industry. As a further improvement, application of 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) was tested on fruit of the two ripeness categories of two cultivars. After a period of cold storage and simulated shelf-life for two days at 20°C fruits were tasted by a sensory panel. Fruit quality and fungal decay were assessed both after cold storage and simulated shelf-life. It was clear that taste of less ripe fruit was associated with firmer fruit, more acidity and greener taste, and quality of riper fruit was associated with sweetness, higher colour value, softer texture and a higher taste intensity. The panel found that treated Ripe- fruit had a greener taste and flavour and were less juicy and less sweet. In general, quality analysis of less ripe plum fruit of both cultivars showed that they had higher content of acids, were firmer, and had less cover colour after storage compared to riper fruits. Also, treatment with 1-MCP impacted firmness, colour, and acidity. However, the treatment effect was different depending on cultivars and years. In 2022, the effect of 1-MCP was seen for both ripeness categories of ‘Reeves’, but only for Ripe- fruit in 2023. There was no effect of 1-MCP treatments on ‘Mallard’ in 2022, however, there was a slight effect of 1-MCP on firmness, acids and cover colour after self-life test for less ripe plum fruit in 2023. The Ripe+ fruit developed 2-10 times more fungal fruit decay than less ripe fruit. 1-MCP had no effect on development of fungal fruit decay. Preliminary conclusion was that management of fruit maturation is more effective than 1-MCP application in securing consumer end quality.
Forfattere
Jorunn Børve Theresa Weigl Emily Follett Ingunn Øvsthus H. Larsen Torbjørn Haukås E. Indergård S.F. Remberg Dalphy Ondine Camira Harteveld Arne StensvandSammendrag
Evaluating the effect of different treatments after a simulated shelf life is common in postharvest industry experiments. As fungal fruit decay development is closely linked to preharvest factors, fruit quality, and postharvest treatments two other time points were added in recent experiments. When commercial packinghouses graded the different experimental units (from 1 to 4 bins) they made three different samples; 1) all the fruit manually discarded before size grading (mostly external symptoms of fungal fruit decay and physiological disorders), 2) a 100-fruit sample of the fruit not regarded as first class by the grading machine at size grading (fruit that could be used for industry purpose, processing fruit), and 3) packed fruit for shelf life testing. As expected, differences in pathogen presence were found varying with storage time, cultivar, season, treatments, etc., but overall, some important factors could be pointed at: up to 70% of the processing fruit had damages (caused by insects, weather or mechanical damage) that could be an entry point of fungal pathogens in storage. Apple scab was found on up to 60% of that fruit and up to 12% of the graded fruit in shelf-life tests, indicating a less effective fungicide strategy in some of the commercial orchards. The additional knowledge gained by having three sample types in the experiments is discussed.
Forfattere
Aarstad, Thea AmalieSammendrag
--- Abstract and files will be published: 2031-03-15
Forfattere
Susanne Zazzera Bjørn Arild Hatteland Silje Maria Midthjell Høydal Ieva Rozite-Arina Inger Elisabeth MårenSammendrag
Land-use changes and agricultural intensification have been attributed as the main anthropogenic drivers of declines in insect pollinators. Anthropogenic coastal heathlands are one of the ecosystems that have suffered the most from these intensifications, as traditional management practices have discontinued and only 10% of last century´s coastal heathlands remain. We collected data during the field season of 2022 on pollinator communities with emphasis on bumblebees, in two different habitat types: open and degenerate heathlands in an UNESCO Biosphere Reserve in Western Norway. Here, we aim to get an insight into how pollinator communities may change as more heathlands are left without active management practices like prescribed burning and livestock grazing. Species composition varied between the two habitat types. Degenerate heathlands typically had a higher abundance of some relatively common species in Norway, like B. pratorum, while the red-listed species B. muscorum was recorded exclusively in open heathlands. B. jonellus was more abundant in degenerate sites despite being known to forage on Ericaceae. This may be due to an additional floral diversity and nesting/over-wintering sites here compared to the open sites. Further research should explore potential impacts of landscape characteristics like fragmentation and land-use change on the abundance and diversity of pollinators in heathlands.
Forfattere
Thomas M. Mansfield Artin Zarsav Filipa Cox Laura M. Suz Martin I. Bidartondo Sietse van der Linde Nadia Barsoum Colin Averill Alan Kuo Leho Tedersoo Pasi Rautio Arthur Gessler Bruno De Vos Luc Croisé Henning Meesenburg Markus Wagner Frank Jacob Paweł Lech Anna Kowalska Martin Greve Genoveva Popova Beat Frey Marcus Schaub Marco Ferretti Peter Waldner Vicent Calatayud Roberto Canullo Giancarlo Papitto Aleksander Marinšek Lars Vesterdal Morten Ingerslev Helge Meissner Volkmar Timmermann Nadine Eickenscheidt Andreas Schmitz Francis M. Martin Joseph Spatafora Peter G. Kennedy Annegret Kohler Jonathan M. Plett Ian C. Anderson Sara Branco Igor V. Grigoriev Chris J. Pires Sarah A. Unruh Lawrence W. Zettler Otto Miettinen Ilya Viner Tom W. May Teresa Lebel David E. A. Catcheside Pamela S. Catcheside Helen P. Vonow Leigh A. Burgoyne Julia Haska Mark A. AnthonySammendrag
Ectomycorrhizal fungi (EMF) produce mycelia with variable extension and complexity, which can be classified according to soil ‘exploration types’ (ETs). ETs have received attention as one of the few mycorrhizal trait frameworks, but without an empirical classification of ET functional diversity and environmental preferences, understanding and interpreting EMF biogeographic patterns has been difficult. We conducted a synthesis combining: comparative EMF genomics to describe functional divergence in decomposition and nutrient cycling genes across ETs; and EMF trait distribution modeling across continental Europe, pairing soil and root EMF surveys to establish biogeographic ET niche profiles. We demonstrate a signature of ETs encoded in EMF genomes, which is independent from phylogeny and linked to biomass production strategies. EMF ET relative abundances were separated by soil, root, and dominant tree leaf type habitats and exhibited unique correlations with forest biotic (e.g. plant productivity and plant pathogen densities) and abiotic (e.g. nitrogen deposition and soil pH) conditions. These findings support a theory that EMF niche partitioning can be partially explained by extraradical mycelial traits, with underlying variation in ET biogeography likely arising from distinct decomposition and nutrient cycling potentials. We also identify important limitations to this trait framework and provide a guided outlook for future research.