Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2024
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Pærebrann er en plantesykdom forårsaket av bakterien Erwinia amylovora som er regulert i plantehelseforskriften og pærebrannforskriften. Formålet med regelverket og forvaltningen av denne planteskadegjøreren er å forebygge, begrense og bekjempe videre spredning. Pærebrannprosjektet er et samarbeidsprosjekt mellom Mattilsynet og NIBIO. Mattilsynets praktiske arbeid med planteskadegjøreren koordineres via Region Sør og Vest og finansieres over Mattilsynets budsjett. NIBIO mottar bevilgninger fra Landbruks- og matdepartementet for kunnskapsstøtte til Mattilsynet knyttet til sjukdommen pærebrann. I 2023 har prosjektet prioritert rydding av lett mottakelige vertplanter for pærebrann rundt planteskoler som produserer mottakelige planter, som et ledd i å redusere risikoen for smitte inn i denne planteproduksjonen. Videre har vi prioritert kartlegging for å fremskaffe kunnskap om sykdommens utbredelse i Norge. Totalt er 67 kommuner kartlagt og det ble funnet pærebrannsmitte for første gang i 15 av disse. Pærebrann viser seg mer utbredt i spesielt Agder, enn det man tidligere har kjent til.
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In the present work we have investigated the effects of abiotic and biotic factors on the growth and quality of carrots. The experiment tested how precipitation above field capacity (WATER) vs. no precipitation (DROUGHT) affect carrot growth and storability. Each treatment period lasted three weeks. We found no yield difference between the treatments at harvesting the carrots (6.6 vs. 6 t daa‑1) and the proportion of fresh roots was generally around 85%. High precipitation, especially in the latter part of the growth period, resulted in a higher proportion of cracked roots, number of roots with a lighter colour, rot in the upper part of the root and the occurrence of enlarged cork cells. After storage, we did not see any difference between the different treatments in the proportion of fresh roots. There was a slight tendency for tip rot to increase during drought at the end of the season. The soil content of phosphorous (P), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca) and sodium (Na) was reduced by high water supply, especially early in the season. The nutrient content in the roots was generally less affected by treatments than the soil mineral content. We found that the content of K and manganese (Mn) was higher at high water supply and the content of zinc (Zn) and ion (Fe) lower. The dry matter content was lowest in the treatments with a high-water supply. As the precipitation influences the soil content of some minerals, we looked at how low pH, low Ca content in the soil, would influence carrot growth. High soil pH (7.4 vs. 5.5) resulted in a higher proportion of roots with fingers when harvesting, but a lower proportion of roots with tip rot after storage (7.8 vs. 3.3%) as well as a higher proportion of healthy roots (83% vs. 67%). The conclusion is that the climatic changes where periods with high precipitation and with drought occur more often require attention to cultivation methods to reduce the negative effects.
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Forfattere
Mark A. Anthony Leho Tedersoo Bruno De Vos Luc Croisé Henning Meesenburg Markus Wagner Henning Andreae Frank Jacob Paweł Lech Anna Kowalska Martin Greve Genoveva Popova Beat Frey Arthur Gessler Marcus Schaub Marco Ferretti Peter Waldner Vicent Calatayud Roberto Canullo Giancarlo Papitto Aleksander Marinšek Morten Ingerslev Lars Vesterdal Pasi Rautio Helge Meissner Volkmar Timmermann Mike Dettwiler Nadine Eickenscheidt Andreas Schmitz Nina Van Tiel Thomas W. Crowther Colin AverillSammendrag
Forest soils harbor hyper-diverse microbial communities which fundamentally regulate carbon and nutrient cycling across the globe. Directly testing hypotheses on how microbiome diversity is linked to forest carbon storage has been difficult, due to a lack of paired data on microbiome diversity and in situ observations of forest carbon accumulation and storage. Here, we investigated the relationship between soil microbiomes and forest carbon across 238 forest inventory plots spanning 15 European countries. We show that the composition and diversity of fungal, but not bacterial, species is tightly coupled to both forest biotic conditions and a seven-fold variation in tree growth rates and biomass carbon stocks when controlling for the effects of dominant tree type, climate, and other environmental factors. This linkage is particularly strong for symbiotic endophytic and ectomycorrhizal fungi known to directly facilitate tree growth. Since tree growth rates in this system are closely and positively correlated with belowground soil carbon stocks, we conclude that fungal composition is a strong predictor of overall forest carbon storage across the European continent.