Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2024
Sammendrag
Denne studien, finansiert av Miljødirektoratet gjennom en tildeling til Haldenvassdraget vannområde, utforsker potensialet for å omdanne jordbruksarealer til flommark for å håndtere flom- og overvann. Fokus ligger på mindre produktive jordbruksarealer nær elver, som er egnet for flomdemping med minst effekt på produktivitet. Forskningen har som mål å utvikle en metodologi for å vurdere de økonomiske og hydrologiske konsekvensene av omgjøring til flommark. Studien er en tverrfaglig vurdering og har som mål å fremme bærekraftige arealforvaltningspraksiser som balanserer flomresiliens med jordbrukets behov. Denne metodologien kan deles opp i tre faser; identifisering av potensielt oversvømmet areal, kartlegging av historiske hendelser, og vurdering av kostnad og effekt. Metoden ble testet i fire pilotområder; nedbørsfelt i vannområdene Haldenvassdraget (Hafsteinelva), Glomma Sør (Hæra), Morsa (Hobøl) og Øyeren (Åa). Studien har identifisert areal som har potensial for omgjøring til flommark i de fire vannområder; 331 km² med en maksimal økningi vannivå av 1 m, 503 km² ved 2 m. Analysen i pilotområdene viser også at flomutsatt skog- og utmarksareal er tre ganger større i prosjektområdet, og at ca. 2,5 % av det flomutsatte jordbruksarealet er egnet for omgjøring. Fra et hydrologisk perspektiv er flomdemping i utmark, med sine naturlige egenskaper som høy infiltrasjonshastighet og større overflateruhet, potensielt mer effektivt. LIkevel understrekes det at flom er et romlig problem, og at planlegging og projisering bør ta utgangspunkt i lokale forhold. Tiltakene for flomdemping må balanseres med både økonomiske og miljømessige hensyn for å finne bærekraftige løsninger. Studien fremmer mulighetene som offentlig tilgjengelige data for å danne et kvantitativt kunnskapsgrunnlag som kan støtte helhetlig arealforvaltning. Studien anbefaler en landskapsorientert tilnærming til omgjøring, hvor både jordbruks- og utmarksarealer vurderes i en helhetlig kontekst.
Sammendrag
We address the question of nature-culture synergies in protected mountain landscapes with a specific focus on the Norwegian National Park of Hardangervidda. Fragile and complex ecosystems developed from long-lasting socio-ecological grazing processes that started approximately 4000 years ago in Scandinavia are facing manifold environmental challenges and societal issues that endanger both natural and cultural heritages. Our goals are to clarify the nature-culture synergies and relationships and investigate holistic management and preservation of natural and cultural values. Our results highlight an urgent need to develop holistic conservation frameworks and methodologies for protected landscapes that integrate cultural and natural heritages and enhance the potential of local communities to protect threatened semi-natural environments and experienced-based knowledge for the future.
Forfattere
Samuel L. Zelinka Samuel V. Glass Eleanor Q. D. Lazarcik Emil E. Thybring Michael Altgen Lauri Rautkari Simon Curling Jinzhen Cao Yujiao Wang Tina Künniger Gustav Nyström Christopher Huber Dreimol Ingo Burgert Mohd Khairun Anwar Uyup Tumirah Khadiran Mark G. Roper Darren P. Broom Matthew Schwarzkopf Arief Yudhanto Mohammad Subah Gilles Lubineau Maria Fredriksson Marcin Strojecki Wiesław Olek Jerzy Majka Nanna Bjerregaard Pedersen Daniel J. Burnett Armando R. Garcia Els Verdonck Frieder Dreisbach Louis Waguespack Jennifer Schott Luis G. Esteban Alberto Garcia-Iruela Thibaut Colinart Romain Rémond Brahim Mazian Patrick Perre Lukas Emmerich Ling LiSammendrag
Automated sorption balances are widely used for characterizing the interaction of water vapor with hygroscopic materials. These instruments provide an efficient way to collect sorption isotherm data and kinetic data. A typical method for defining equilibrium after a step change in relative humidity (RH) is using a particular threshold value for the rate of change in mass with time. Recent studies indicate that commonly used threshold values yield substantial errors and that further measurements are needed at extended hold times as a basis to assess the accuracy of abbreviated equilibration criteria. However, the mass measurement accuracy at extended times depends on the operational stability of the instrument. Published data on the stability of automated sorption balances are rare. An interlaboratory study was undertaken to investigate equilibration criteria for automated sorption balances. This paper focuses on the mass, temperature, and RH stability and includes data from 25 laboratories throughout the world. An initial target for instrument mass stability was met on the first attempt in many cases, but several instruments were found to have unexpectedly large instabilities. The sources of these instabilities were investigated and greatly reduced. This paper highlights the importance of verifying operational mass stability of automated sorption balances, gives a method to perform stability checks, and provides guidance on identifying and correcting common sources of mass instability.
Sammendrag
Eutrophication of coastal ecosystems often stimulates massive and uncontrolled growth of green macroalgae, causing serious ecological problems. These green tides are frequently exposed to light intensities that can reduce their growth via the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). To understand the physiological and biochemical mechanisms leading to the formation and maintenance of green tides, the interaction between inorganic nitrogen (Ni) and light was studied. In a bi-factorial physiological experiment simulating eutrophication under different light levels, the bloom-forming green macroalga Ulva rigida was exposed to a combination of ecologically relevant nitrate concentrations (3.8–44.7 µM) and light intensities (50–1100 µmol photons m−2 s−1) over three days. Although artificial eutrophication (≥ 21.7 µM) stimulated nitrate reductase activity, which regulated both nitrate uptake and vacuolar storage by a feedback mechanism, nitrogen assimilation remained constant. Growth was solely controlled by the light intensity because U. rigida was Ni-replete under oligotrophic conditions (3.8 µM), which requires an effective photoprotective mechanism. Fast declining Fv/Fm and non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) under excess light indicate that the combined photoinhibitory and PSII-reaction centre quenching avoided ROS production effectively. Thus, these mechanisms seem to be key to maintaining high photosynthetic activities and growth rates without producing ROS. Nevertheless, these photoprotective mechanisms allowed U. rigida to thrive under the contrasting experimental conditions with high daily growth rates (12–20%). This study helps understand the physiological mechanisms facilitating the formation and persistence of ecologically problematic green tides in coastal areas.
Sammendrag
Background The order Lepidoptera has an abundance of species, including both agriculturally beneficial and detrimental insects. Molecular data has been used to investigate the phylogenetic relationships of major subdivisions in Lepidoptera, which has enhanced our understanding of the evolutionary relationships at the family and superfamily levels. However, the phylogenetic placement of many superfamilies and/or families in this order is still unknown. In this study, we determine the systematic status of the family Argyresthiidae within Lepidoptera and explore its phylogenetic affinities and implications for the evolution of the order. We describe the first mitochondrial (mt) genome from a member of Argyresthiidae, the apple fruit moth Argyresthia conjugella. The insect is an important pest on apples in Fennoscandia, as it switches hosts when the main host fails to produce crops. Results The mt genome of A. conjugella contains 16,044 bp and encodes all 37 genes commonly found in insect mt genomes, including 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), two ribosomal RNAs, 22 transfer RNAs, and a large control region (1101 bp). The nucleotide composition was extremely AT-rich (82%). All detected PCGs (13) began with an ATN codon and terminated with a TAA stop codon, except the start codon in cox1 is ATT. All 22 tRNAs had cloverleaf secondary structures, except trnS1, where one of the dihydrouridine (DHU) arms is missing, reflecting potential differences in gene expression. When compared to the mt genomes of 507 other Lepidoptera representing 18 superfamilies and 42 families, phylogenomic analyses found that A. conjugella had the closest relationship with the Plutellidae family (Yponomeutoidea-super family). We also detected a sister relationship between Yponomeutoidea and the superfamily Tineidae. Conclusions Our results underline the potential importance of mt genomes in comparative genomic analyses of Lepidoptera species and provide valuable evolutionary insight across the tree of Lepidoptera species. Keywords Argyresthia conjugella, Illumina HiSeq, Lepidoptera, Mitochondrial genome, Yponomeutoidea
Sammendrag
Climate change is and will continue to alter plant responses to their environment. This is especially prominent concerning the adaptive tracking in reproductive phenology. For wind pollinated plants, this will substantially influence their pollen seasonality, yet there are gaps in knowledge about how environmental variation influences pollen seasonality. To investigate this, we monitored daily atmospheric pollen concentrations of seven pollen types from ecologically, economically and allergenically important plants (alder, hazel, willow, birch, pine, grass and mugwort) in twelve Norwegian locations spanning the entire country for up to 28 years. Six daily meteorological variables (maximum temperature, precipitation, wind speed, relative humidity, solar radiation and atmospheric pressure) was obtained from the MET Nordic dataset with full data cover. The pollen seasonality was then modelled using four spatial, three temporal and the six meteorological variables in a generalized linear model approach with a negative binomial distribution to investigate how each variable group thematically and individually contribute to variation in pollen seasonality. We found that the full models explained the most variation, ranging from R2 = 20.3 % to 59.5 %. The models were also highly accurate, being able to predict 54.5 % to 99.1 % of daily pollen concentrations to within 20.1 pollen grains/m3. Overall, the temporal variables were able to explain more variation than spatial and meteorological variables for most pollen types. Month, altitude and maximum temperature were the most important single variables for each category. The importance of each variable could be traced back to their individual effects of reproductive phenology, plant metabolism, species distributions and pollen release processes. We further emphasise the importance of source maps and atmospheric regional transport models in further model improvements. By understanding the relevance of environmental variation to pollen seasonality we can make better predictions regarding the consequences of climate change on plant populations.
Forfattere
Debojyoti Chakraborty Albert Ciceu Dalibor Ballian Marta Benito Garzón Andreas Bolte Gregor Bozic Rafael Buchacher Jaroslav Čepl Eva Cremer Alexis Ducousso Julian Gaviria Jan Peter George André Hardtke Mladen Ivankovic Marcin Klisz Jan Kowalczyk Antoine Kremer Milan Lstibůrek Roman Longauer Georgeta Mihai László Nagy Krasimira Petkova Emil Popov Randolf Schirmer Tore Skrøppa Thomas Solvin Arne Steffenrem Jan Stejskal Srdjan Stojnic Katharina Volmer Silvio SchuelerSammendrag
Climate change threatens the role of European forests as a long-term carbon sink. Assisted migration aims to increase the resilience of forest tree populations to climate change, using species-specific climatic limits and local adaptations through transferring seed provenances. We modelled assisted migration scenarios for seven main European tree species and analysed the effects of species and seed provenance selection, accounting for environmental and genetic variations, on the annual above-ground carbon sink of regrowing juvenile forests. To increase forest resilience, coniferous trees need to be replaced by deciduous species over large parts of their distribution. If local seed provenances are used, this would result in a decrease of the current carbon sink (40 TgC yr−1) by 34–41% by 2061–2080. However, if seed provenances adapted to future climates are used, current sinks could be maintained or even increased to 48–60 TgC yr−1.
Sammendrag
Climate change stands as one of the most pressing challenges confronting global ecosystems and human livelihoods. The agriculture sector of Anuradhapura district, Sri Lanka, well renowned for its pivotal role in the nation’s food production, faces an increasing threat from the changing climate. This study aims to incorporate the indicator system method which uses a set of indicators to assess the agricultural vulnerability (AV) to climate change in Anuradhapura district. The AV assessment used in this study involves three principal components exposure, sensitivity, and adaptive capacity. The indicators are normalized to allow spatial analysis and smooth integration within a geographic information system (GIS) framework. The AV of Anuradhapura district ranged from 0.32 to 0.67 and was divided among five levels very low, low, moderate, high, and very high. The findings suggest that Anuradhapura’s agricultural sector was significantly impacted by climate change as the majority of the total area was found to have very high, high, and moderate levels of AV with 25, 28, and 24%, respectively. The results obtained from this study are essential for formulating plans to improve Anuradhapura’s agricultural sector resilience and adaptability to ensure food security and livelihood sustainability considering the ever-changing climate.
Sammendrag
Here, we present, for the first time, the Ion TorrentⓇ next-generation sequencing (NGS) data for five houndsharks (Chondrichthyes: Triakidae), which include Galeorhinus galeus (number of bases pairs (bp) 17,487; GenBank accession number ON652874), Mustelus asterias (16,708; ON652873), Mustelus mosis (16,755; ON075077), Mustelus palumbes (16,708; ON075076), and Triakis megalopterus (16,746; ON075075). All assembled mitogenomes encode 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), two ribosomal (r)RNA genes, and 22 transfer (t)RNA genes (tRNALeu and tRNASer are duplicated), except for G. galeus which contains 23 tRNA genes where tRNAThr is duplicated. The data presented in this paper can assist other researchers in further elucidating the diversification of triakid species and the phylogenetic relationships within Carcharhiniformes (groundsharks) as mitogenomes accumulate in public repositories.
Sammendrag
Eucalyptus plantations are a notable source of income for smallholders and private landowners in Thailand. The main uses of eucalyptus are for energy purposes and as pulpwood, sawn timber, and veneer. Among private eucalyptus forest owners there is a need for decision support tools that can help in optimizing tree bucking, according to the available properties of the site and bucking patterns. The precise characterization of plantation properties is key to delivering appropriate timber assortment to markets and optimizing timber value. Our study has developed and tested dynamic and linear programming models for optimizing the tree bucking of eucalyptus trees. To achieve this, tree taper curves for use in volumetric models were defined for optimization. Our results indicate that both the tree spacing and the increment of diameter of breast height are significant factors when estimating profitability. The income would be significantly higher if bucking timber in different assortments were used, instead of the current approach of selling as bulk based on mass. For implementation, we created a free mobile application for android phones (EVO—eucalyptus value chain optimization) to utilize the study results at the grass root-level.