Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2023
Forfattere
May Bente BrurbergSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Håvard SteinshamnSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
Nok grovfôr av rett kvalitet er avgjerande for å lukkast i mjølkeproduksjon. På Fureneset testar dei no ut om tidlegare gjødsling og tidlegare slått kan vera med å bidra til meir grovfôr med høg fôrkvalitet. I denne episoda snakkar vi med Håvard Steinshavn og Åsmund Mikalsen Kvifte, som begge er forskarar i Nibio
Forfattere
Eva Skarbøvik Sofie Gyritia Madsen van't Veen Emma E. Lannergård Hannah Tabea Wenng Marc Stutter Magdalena Bieroza Kevin Atcheson Philip Jordan Jens Fölster Per-Erik Mellander Brian Kronvang Hannu Marttila Øyvind Kaste Ahti Lepistö Maria KämäriSammendrag
Climate change in combination with land use alterations may lead to significant changes in soil erosion and sediment fluxes in streams. Optical turbidity sensors can monitor with high frequency and can be used as a proxy for suspended sediment concentration (SSC) provided there is an acceptable calibration curve for turbidity measured by sensors and SSC from water samples. This study used such calibration data from 31 streams in 11 different research projects or monitoring programmes in six Northern European countries. The aim was to find patterns in the turbidity-SSC correlations based on stream characteristics such as mean and maximum turbidity and SSC, catchment area, land use, hydrology, soil type, topography, and the number and representativeness of the data that are used for the calibration. There were large variations, but the best correlations between turbidity and SSC were found in streams with a mean and maximum SSC of >30–200 mg/l, and a mean and maximum turbidity above 60–200 NTU/FNU, respectively. Streams draining agricultural areas with fine-grained soils had better correlations than forested streams draining more coarse-grained soils. However, the study also revealed considerable differences in methodological approaches, including analytical methods to determine SSC, water sampling strategies, quality control procedures, and the use of sensors based on different measuring principles. Relatively few national monitoring programmes in the six countries involved in the study included optical turbidity sensors, which may partly explain this lack of methodological harmonisation. Given the risk of future changes in soil erosion and sediment fluxes, increased harmonisation is highly recommended, so that turbidity data from optical sensors can be better evaluated and intercalibrated across streams in comparable geographical regions.
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Gunnhild Søgaard Gry Alfredsen Helmer Belbo Clara Antón Fernandéz Katharina Hobrak Christian Wilhelm Mohr Ignacio Sevillano Knut ØistadSammendrag
Denne rapporten er skrevet på oppdrag fra Teknisk beregningsutvalg for klima (TBU klima). TBU klima skal ifølge mandatet gi råd om forbedringer i metoder for tiltaks- og virkemiddelanalyser på klimaområdet. I årsrapporten for 2021 har utvalget redegjort for hvilke metoder som er vurdert hittil og hvilke temaer som gjenstår. Et tema som foreløpig ikke har vært dekket av utvalget, er metoder som brukes til framskrivninger og til analyser av tiltak og virkemidler som påvirker utslipp og opptak av klimagasser fra skog, arealbruk og arealbruksendringer. Disse opptakene og utslippene rapporteres i det nasjonale klimagassregnskapet under arealbrukssektoren (eng. Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry, LULUCF). Formålet med denne rapporten er å gi et kunnskapsgrunnlag for utvalgets videre arbeid med vurdering av metodeapparatet som brukes til utslippsframskrivinger og analyser av tiltak og virkemidler rettet mot arealbrukssektoren, samt metode for å beregne klimaeffekt av poster på statsbudsjettet som påvirker arealbrukssektoren.
Sammendrag
Arealregnskap som begrep er brukt i et vidt spekter av sammenhenger. Vi anbefaler at det etableres et felles, omforent rammeverk og definisjoner for arbeidet med arealregnskap. Sektorspesifikke arealregnskap kan deretter utvikles videre fra et slikt rammeverk. Vi anbefaler spesielt at det etableres en felles, standardisert løsning for arealregnskap innen kommunal og regional arealplanlegging. For at arealregnskap skal kunne sammenlignes, både mellom ulike kommuner og regioner og på tvers av tema eller sektorer, ser vi behov for at det etableres et felles kartgrunnlag for bruk i arealregnskap hvor arealendringer fanges opp, dokumenteres og måles. Grunnkartet bør baseres på eksisterende metode for kartlegging av arealressurser og arealbruk. Elementene som bør gå inn i dette grunnkartet foreligger hos NIBIO, SSB og Kartverket. Arealregnskap for ulike tema eller sektorer, det være seg for eksempel naturregnskap eller klimagassregnskap for arealbrukssektoren, kan baseres på de endringer som kommer frem av grunnkartet.
Forfattere
Demmelash MengistuSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
Supplemental feeding of cervids during winter is a widespread management practice, but feeding may increase the risk of disease transmission. Therefore, legal regulations to limit supplemental feeding are often implemented when dealing with severe infectious diseases, such as chronic wasting disease (CWD) in cervids. However, it is currently unclear whether these regulations result in decreased spatial clustering and aggregation as intended. Supplemental feeding is expected to restrict the movement of cervids. Therefore, a ban on feeding may also result in wider space use and a risk of geographic spread of disease. The space use of 63 GPS-marked red deer (Cervus elaphus) was investigated before (n = 34) and after (n = 29) the implementation of a legal regulation aimed at limiting the supplemental feeding of cervids during winter in a CWD-affected region of Nordfjella, Norway. Snow depth was the main determinant of the space use for red deer. A moderate reduction in the number of GPS positions in spatial clusters was evident during periods of deep snow once the ban was in place. Sizes of core areas (Kernel 50%), home ranges (Kernel 95%), and dispersion (MCP 100%, number of 1 km2 pixels visited per deer) declined from January to March and with increasing snow depth. Dispersion (number of 1 km2 pixels visited per deer) did not depend on snow depth after the ban, and red deer used larger areas when snow depth was high after the ban compared to before. The ban on supplementary feeding had no effect on size of core areas or home ranges. Several potential factors can explain the overall weak effect of the ban on space use, including the use of agricultural fields by red deer, other anthropogenic feeding, and landscape topography. This study highlights that snow depth is the main factor determining space use during winter, and it remains to be determined whether the moderate reduction in spatial clustering during deep snow after the ban was sufficient to lower the risk of disease transmission.
Forfattere
Ana-Maria Madalina Pantazica Andre van Eerde Mihaela-Olivia Dobrica Iuliana Caras Irina Ionescu Adriana Costache Catalin Tucureanu Hege Særvold Steen Catalin Lazar Inger Heldal Sissel Haugslien Adrian Onu Crina Stavaru Norica Branza-Nichita Jihong Liu ClarkeSammendrag
The recent SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has taught the world a costly lesson about the devastating consequences of viral disease outbreaks but also, the remarkable impact of vaccination in limiting life and economic losses. Vaccination against human Hepatitis B Virus (HBV), a major human pathogen affecting 290 million people worldwide, remains a key action towards viral hepatitis elimination by 2030. To meet this goal, the development of improved HBV antigens is critical to overcome non-responsiveness to standard vaccines based on the yeast-produced, small (S) envelope protein. We have recently shown that combining relevant immunogenic determinants of S and large (L) HBV proteins in chimeric antigens markedly enhances the anti-HBV immune response. However, the demand for cost-efficient, high-quality antigens remains challenging. This issue could be addressed by using plants as versatile and rapidly scalable protein production platforms. Moreover, the recent generation of plants lacking β-1,2-xylosyltransferase and α-1,3-fucosyltransferase activities (FX-KO), by CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing, enables production of proteins with “humanized” N-glycosylation. In this study, we investigated the impact of plant N-glycosylation on the immunogenic properties of a chimeric HBV S/L vaccine candidate produced in wild-type and FX-KO Nicotiana benthamiana. Prevention of β-1,2-xylose and α-1,3-fucose attachment to the HBV antigen significantly increased the immune response in mice, as compared with the wild-type plant-produced counterpart. Notably, the antibodies triggered by the FX-KO-made antigen neutralized more efficiently both wild-type HBV and a clinically relevant vaccine escape mutant. Our study validates in premiere the glyco-engineered Nicotiana benthamiana as a substantially improved host for plant production of glycoprotein vaccines.