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Publikasjoner

NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.

2010

Sammendrag

Tomatdyrkere i Norge bør være oppmerksomme på et nytt skadedyr, sør-amerikansk tomatmøll, som er på frammarsj i Europa. Det er en bladminerende møll med det velklingende latinske navnet Tuta absoluta. Den foretrekker tomat, hvor den kan forårsake opptil 90 % avlingsreduksjon. Den kan også angripe andre planter i søtvierfamilien (Solanaceae), som f.eks. aubergine, paprika, potet, prydtobakk, piggeple og enkelte ugras-arter.

Sammendrag

Tomatdyrkere i Norge bør være oppmerksomme på et nytt skadedyr som er på frammarsj i Europa. Det er en bladminerende møll med det velklingende latinske navnet Tuta absoluta. Den foretrekker tomat, hvor den kan for¬årsake opptil 90 % avlingsreduksjon. Den kan også angripe andre planter i søtvierfamilien (Solanaceae), som f.eks. aubergine, paprika, potet, prydtobakk, piggeple og enkelte ugras-arter.

Sammendrag

Norway spruce expresses a temperature-dependent epigenetic memory from the time of embryo development, which thereafter influences the timing bud phenology. MicroRNAs (miRNAs)are endogenous small RNAs, exerting epigenetic gene regulatory impacts. We have tested for their presence and differential expression. We prepared concatemerized small RNA libraries from seedlings of two full-sib families, originated from seeds developed in a cold and warm environment. One family expressed distinct epigenetic effects while the other not. We used available plant miRNA query sequences to search for conserved miRNAs and from the sequencing we found novel ones; the miRNAs were monitored using relative real time-PCR. Sequencing identified 24 novel and four conserved miRNAs. Further screening of the conserved miRNAs confirmed the presence of 16 additional miRNAs. Most of the miRNAs were targeted to unknown genes. The expression of seven conserved and nine novel miRNAs showed significant differences in transcript levels in the full-sib family showing distinct epigenetic difference in bud set, but not in the nonresponding full-sib family. Putative miRNA targets were studied. Norway spruce contains a set of conserved miRNAs as well as a large proportion of novel nonconserved miRNAs. The differentially expression of specific miRNAs indicate their putative participation in the epigenetic regulation.

Sammendrag

Importører av plantevernmidler melder hvert år inn nye midler til biologisk godkjenningsprøving i Norge. Dessuten gir Norsk Landbruksrådgiving innspill om behov for prøving av plantevernmidler i ulike kulturer. Bioforsk Plantehelse planlegger og utfører biologisk godkjennings- og utviklingsprøving i samarbeid med Norsk Landbruksrådgiving og andre Bioforsk-enheter. Dette finansieres av Mattilsynet, Landbruks- og matdepartementet, plantevernmiddelimportører/-tilvirkere og/eller produsentgrupper i jord- og hagebruksnæringa. 

Sammendrag

We monitored the effects of the drought stress on 20-year old clones of Norway spruce (Picea abies) by using a range of instrumental methods. On two experimental plots (Hoxmark, Norway, 59°40\"14`N, 10°47\"36`E) the drought was induced in a period between May and October 2009 by removing the throughfall using the rain shelters and trenching. We collected data on soil moisture, stem and branch sap flow, xylem diameter, anatomical and calorimetric analysis of the needles, fine root biomass and dynamics and resistance to pathogens. Standard meteorological data were collected locally throughout the whole period. Here we present the preliminary analysis of sap flow and xylem diameter in a period 1-17 august 2009. The sap flow was measured on stems in the breast height by using the method of stem tissue heat balance (THB, EMS Brno). The values were measured once in 2 minutes and saved as the average of 10 minutes. The fluctuations in xylem diameter was monitored by using the automatic dendrometers DR26 (EMS Brno). We evaluated both diurnal and seasonal dynamics. Preliminary results show a significant difference in shape of diurnal curves of transpiration as well as different time lag among the sap flow and the potential evapo-transpiration. Also the differences in diurnal dynamics of the stem circumference suggested different xylem water potential in stressed and control trees. In the drought-stressed trees the diurnal fluctuation in stem diameter was about 4 times higher and the total stem increment one third lower, com-pared to the control trees.