Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2011
Forfattere
Jan Svtlík Isabella Børja Toril Drabløs Eldhuset Holger Lange Frank Newell Kidder Douglas Lawrence GodboldSammendrag
Fungi are the main degraders of organic matter and are associated symbiotically with over 80% of terrestrial plants (Smith and Read 1997). Thus, the extent of the mycelial network is an indicator of the decomposing or symbiotic activity. Although the importance of fungi in soil is undisputable, the determination of the extent of hyphal mats and the hyphal biomass is difficult to assess. Methods for estimating hyphae in soil are mostly based on the gridline intersect method originally developed to determine the root length or recently by measuring of the ergosterol content, fungal sterol found in the cell membranes....
Sammendrag
This study is a part of a larger project designed to find out the causes of top dieback symptoms in Norway spruce in SE Norway. Because sapwood tracheids constitute a water transport system while parenchyma serves as a reserve tissue (Sellin, 1991), the separation and quantification of the sapwood and heartwood may contribute to understanding of the healthy tree functioning. As the extent of sapwood is related to tree vitality, it reflects the tree growth, health and effect of environmental factors (Sandberg & Sterley, 2009). Therefore, the sapwood cross-sectional area is widely used as a biometric parameter indicating the tree vitality, although its estimation and evaluation is prone to scaling errors....
Sammendrag
Fungal hyphae in soil, although crucial in the C-dynamics, are difficult to quantify. Here we present a simple method for fungal biomass assessment and possibility for up-scaling. Originally we used root nets to quantify fine roots in drought-stressed Picea abies stand as described by Lukac and Godbold (2010).Root nets (7 cm wide, mesh size 1 mm) were inserted vertically to 20 cm depth, twice during the course of one year. When root nets were extracted from the soil, large amounts of hyphae were growing on and through the nets in the control plot, whereas little or no hyphae were growing in nets from the drought-stressed plot.This observation led us to consider root nets as a promising tool to quantify hyphae as well. The inert net material together with its regular geometric pattern is well suited for obtaining fungal biomass estimates and provide a material for further molecular analysis of fungal species. We will describe a proposal how to scan the hyphae, calculate the biomass and upscale to the soil volume unit.
Forfattere
Kjell Andreassen Nicholas Clarke Jørn-Frode Nordbakken Ingvald Røsberg Volkmar Timmermann Tonje ØklandSammendrag
Rapporten presenterer sammendrag av resultatene for 2010 fra tre overvåkingsprogrammer: “Overvåking av langtransportert forurenset luft og nedbør”, ”Overvåkingsprogram for skogskader” (OPS) og “Program for terrestrisk naturovervåking” (TOV). The report presents results for 2010 from three national monitoring programmes on long-range transboundary air pollution.
Sammendrag
Askeskuddsjuke er på frammarsj i Norge og i Europa. I 2010 var det imidlertid ikke så dramatisk som året før, men på våre overvåkingsflater har vi registrert en liten nedgang i kronetetthet. Så det er all grunn til fortsatt bekymring. Det er stor forskningsaktivitet i mange land, og nå vet vi også hvilken sopp som er årsaken. I tillegg begynner det å komme rapporter om andre askearter som er mottakelige for sjukdommen.
Forfattere
Halvor Solheim Martti VuorinenSammendrag
During a survey conducted in August 2009 in northern Norway, symptoms typical for red band needle blight (1) were observed in four young Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) stands. The stands, less than 15 years old, were located in humid sites near rivers in Bardu and Målselv municipalities, Troms County. Many of the oldest needles (2- to 3- years-old) in the lower part of young trees were partially or completely brown, but still attached, and red bands could be observed. Aggregations of conidial stromata were often seen in the red bands. Conidia were hyaline, smooth, thin walled, and filiform, 1.9 to 2.6 μm wide and 12 to 36 μm long....
Forfattere
Igor A. Yakovlev Ari M. Hietala Pierre-Emmanuel Courty Taina Lundell Jan Stenlid Halvor Solheim Carl Gunnar FossdalSammendrag
In forest soils, saprotrophic, necrotrophic and ectomycorrhizal fungi are involved in carbon cycling. Heterobasidion annosum, white rot necrotrophic fungi, is known to decompose wood lignocellulose by secreting a broad range of oxidative enzymes. The genome H. annosum s.l. was sequenced by JGI to a 8.23X coverage and assembled into 39 scaffolds with a total size of 33.7 Mb covering more than 98% of the whole genome. Based on the genome sequence we have characterized gene families coding for enzymes known to participate in conversion of wood lignin: multicopper oxidases (MCOs, 18 genes) as laccases (Lcc), class II peroxidases (8 genes) as manganese peroxidases (MnP), glyoxal oxidases (5 genes, GLOX), quinone-reducing oxidoreductases (19 genes, QOR) and GMC oxidoreductases (12 genes) as aryl alcohol oxidases (AAO). We studied the genomic organisation and phylogeny of these genes as well as their expression using qRT-PCR. Comparative and phylogenetic analyses of genes coding for enzymes involved in wood lignin conversion and decomposition (i.e. lignin-modifying class II peroxidases) reveal differences between white- and brown-rot, necrotrophic and saprotrophic wood-decaying basidiomycetes. Transcript profiling using qRT-PCR revealed that some transcripts were very abundant in lignin-rich media, in cellulose-rich media, in wood or in the free-living mycelium grown liquid culture, suggesting specific functions of these genes, which need to be studied further.
Forfattere
Halvor Solheim Martti VuorinenSammendrag
Rødbandsjuke på furu er nå funnet i Norge. Sjukdommen, som på engelsk kalles “red band needle blight” eller “Dothistroma needle blight”, er forårsaket av en sopp som står på Mattilsynets liste over sjukdommer det er forbudt å innføre til Norge. Den ble først funnet i Troms, men soppen er også funnet i to fylker i Sør-Norge. Foreløpig er den bare funnet på trær i skog, men mange innførte furuarter er utsatt for smitte.
Forfattere
Merete Wiken Dees Arild Sletten Ricardo Holgado Eldrid Lein Molteberg Tor J. Johansen May Bente Brurberg Vinh Hong Le Ragnhild Nærstad Arne HermansenSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Jihong Liu Clarke Carl Jonas Jorge Spetz Sissel Haugslien Merete Dees Roar Moe Dag-Ragnar BlystadSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag