Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2013
Forfattere
Nina JohansenSammendrag
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Forfattere
Nina JohansenSammendrag
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Forfattere
Therese With BergeSammendrag
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Forfattere
Therese With BergeSammendrag
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Forfattere
JC. Streibig J. Rasmussen D. Andùjar Therese With Berge D. Chachalis T. Dittmann R. Gerhards TM: Giselsson P. Hamouz C. Jaeger-Hansen K. Jensen RN. Jørgensen M. Keller M. Laursen HS Midtiby J. Nielsen S. Muller H. Nordmeyer H. Peteinatos A. Papadopolous J. Svensgaard M. Weis S. ChristensenSammendrag
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Sammendrag
Klimaendringer har vært sterkt i fokus den siste tiden, både nasjonalt og internasjonalt. Det er derfor økende interesse for fornybare energikilder fra forskjellige hold. Økt høsting av biomasse til industri- og energiformål fører til økt energiforbruk og dermed økte CO2-utslipp. Ved hjelp av en livsløpsanalyse (Life Cycle Assessment - LCA) kan man beregne klimagassutslipp fra skogbruket. Enkeltfaktorer som bidrar mest til klimagassutslippene kan identifiseres i analysen og forhåpentligvis forbedres. Prosjektet KlimaTre har som hovedmål å dokumentere de skogbaserte verdikjedenes betydning for klima og verdiskaping i Norge. Denne rapporten er en leveranse i delprosjekt KlimaVerdi og presenterer resultatene fra en livsløpsanalyse (LCA) av de prosessene som inngår i skogbrukets forsyningskjede fra frø til industriport (fra vugge til port). Det presenteres beregninger for årlige klimagassutslipp (klimaregnskap) og annen miljøpåvirkning fra frøproduksjon via ulike skogkulturprosesser til avvirkning og tømmertransport. Klimagassutslipp er beregnet som CO2-ekvivalenter per kubikkmeter tømmer som ble avvirket i 2010. Det samlede klimagassutslippet fra produksjonen av 8,4 millioner m3 tømmer til industrielle formål var på 150 000 tonn CO2-ekvivalenter i 2010, eller 17,85 kg CO2-ekvivalenter per produsert kubikkmeter tømmer levert ved sagbruk/fabrikk. Dette utgjør 2,4 % av det CO2 som bindes av 1 m3 tømmer. Transport med lastebil bidro mest til det samlede klimagassutslippet (nesten 50 %), fulgt av sluttavvirkning (32 %) og tynning (9 %). Leveranse til lokale sagbruk reduserer transportavstandene og dermed CO2-utslippet, mens økende sentralisering og nedleggelse av treforedlingsindustrien fører til større transportavstander og dermed CO2-utslipp. Utvidet transport av tømmer på jernbanen vil kunne bidra til å redusere CO2-utslippene.
Sammendrag
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Forfattere
Jan Světlík Isabella Børja Sabine Rosner Jan Čermák Valeriy Nadezhdin Nadezhda NadezhdinaSammendrag
In cases where sap flow is measured in trees and cross-sectional sapwood is not uniformly distributed, as in stems of diseased trees, an additional method may refine the sap flow measurements. If the studied trees are felled, the modified differential translucence method (MDT) for quantifying sapwood distribution in cross-sectional area may be compared with sap flow measurements. We studied sap flow by the heat field deformation method (HFD) in 12 Norway spruce trees with visible dieback symptoms and 12 without symptoms. Later, all sample trees were felled and analysed by MDT method. Results from MDT described well the differences and abnormalities which were also detected by HFD at any depth of the sapwood. Sap flow for whole tree (SF1) was calculated in accordance with radial and circumferential variation of sap flow density detected by HFD (based on average sap flow radial profiles). Other sapwood disturbances in parts not covered by HFD measurements were later corrected by MDT and refined total sap flow (SF2) was calculated. Relative differences between SF1and SF2 reached an interval from -0.21 to 0.41 for symptomatic trees and from -0.15 to 0.29 for non-symptomatic trees. The majority of the non-symptomatic trees had the relative difference close to zero. The theoretical use of single-point sensors for sap flow measurement was compared with the proportions of three wood types in a line 2 cm below the vascular cambium (a-sapwood, b-borders sapwood/heartwood or embolism, c-heartwood or embolism). The variability across wood types in the chosen line in the symptomatic trees was high and therefore quantifying the sap flow by the single point method was not possible.
Forfattere
Katharina Bäutigam Kelly J. Vining Clément Lafon-Placette Carl Gunnar Fossdal Marie Mirouze José Gutiérrez Marcos Silvia Fluch Mario Fernández Fraga M. Ángeles Guevara Dolores Abarca Øystein Johnsen Stéphane Maury Steven H. Strauss Malcolm M. Campbell Antje Rohde Carmen Díaz-Sala María-Teresa CerveraSammendrag
Epigenetic variation is likely to contribute to the phenotypic plasticity and adaptative capacity of plant species, and may be especially important for long-lived organisms with complex life cycles, including forest trees. Diverse environmental stresses and hybridization/polyploidization events can create reversible heritable epigenetic marks that can be transmitted to subsequent generations as a form of molecular “memory”. Epigenetic changes might also contribute to the ability of plants to colonize or persist in variable environments. In this review, we provide an overview of recent data on epigenetic mechanisms involved in developmental processes and responses to environmental cues in plant, with a focus on forest tree species. We consider the possible role of forest tree epigenetics as a new source of adaptive traits in plant breeding, biotechnology, and ecosystem conservation under rapid climate change.
Forfattere
Jan Čermák Pavel Cudlin Roman Gebauer Isabella Børja Milena Martinková Zdeněk Stanĕk Jan Koller Jindřich Neruda Nadezhda NadezhdinaSammendrag
Estimates of root absorption magnitude are needed for the balanced management of forest ecosystems, but no methods able to work on the whole tree and stand level were available. Modified earth impedance method was developed recently and here it was tested, by comparing the results with those obtained by combination of several classical methods. Methods We used direct (soil cores, scanning and microscopy) and indirect (sap flow patterns and modified earth impedance) methods in an attempt to estimate the absorptive root area indexes (RAI) at two sites of about 25 and 40-years-old Norway spruce. We considered the geometric surfaces of all scanned fine roots to be equal to the fine root absorptive area (RAIscan). To estimate the potentially physically permeable area of fine roots, we microscopically evaluated the point of secondary xylem appearance and calculated the geometric area of root portions with primary structure (RAImicro). We termed the area of electrically conductive root surface as the active (ion) absorptive area (RAImei) and measured its extent by the modified earth impedance (MEI) method. Results The highest values for absorptive root areas at the two experimental sites we obtained with the scanning method (RAIscan was considered to be 100%), followed by the RAImicro (51%) and RAImei (32%). RAImei reached about 2/3 of RAImicro. The surface area of the ectomycorrhizal hyphae was an order of magnitude larger than that of all fine roots, but the MEI did not measure such increase. Conclusions We showed that the absorptive root area, indirectly estimated by the MEI, provides consistent results that approach the values obtained for fine roots with a primary structure estimated by traditional direct methods. The similar range of the values for the absorptive root surface area obtained by microscopy and by the MEI method indicates that this method is feasible and that it could be used to determine the extent of active absorptive root surface areas in forests.