Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2023
Sammendrag
The anaerobic digestion of organic materials produces biogas; however, optimizing methane (CH4) content within biogas plants by capturing carbon dioxide (CO2) is one of the challenges for sustainable biomethane production. CH4 is separated from biogas, which is called biogas upgrading for biomethane production. In this regard, in-situ CO2 capture and utilization could be an alternative approach that can be achieved using conductive particles, where the conductive particles support the direct intraspecific electron transfer (DIET) to promote CH4 production. In this investigation, a carbon nanotube (CNT) was grown over conductive activated carbon (AC). Then an iron (Fe) nanoparticle was anchored (AC/CNT/Fe), which ultimately supported microbes to build the biofilm matrix, thereby enhancing the DIET for CH4 formation. The biogas production and CH4 content increased by 17.57 % and 15.91 %, respectively, when AC/CNT/Fe was utilized. Additionally, 18S rRNA gene sequencing reveals that Methanosarcinaceae and Methanobacteriaceae families were the most dominant microbes in the reactor when conductive particles (AC/CNT/Fe) were applied. The proposed study supports the stable operation of biogas plants to utilize CO2 for CH4 production by using surface-modified material.
Sammendrag
Soil loss by erosion threatens food security and reduces the environmental quality of water bodies. Prolonged and extreme rainfalls are recognized as main drivers of soil erosion, and climate change predictions for large parts of the world foresee such increases in precipitation. Erosion rates are additionally affected by land use, which may change as a result of the shift from a fossil fuel-based economy to an economy relying on using renewable biomass, a “Bioeconomy”. In this study we aimed at investigating, through modelling, i) if future changes in land use, due to a bioeconomy, would increase the risk for soil loss and enhance suspended sediment yields in streams and ii) if these changes, when combined with climate change effects, would further aggravate suspended sediment conditions in a catchment. We used hydrological and bias adjusted climate models to compare the effect of seven land use pathways on discharge and sediment transport relative to a baseline scenario under present and future climate conditions. The study was carried out based on data from a small headwater stream, representative for cereal production areas of S-E Norway. By modelling our scenarios with the PERSiST and INCA-P models, we found that land use change had a greater influence on both future water discharge and sediment losses than a future climate. Changes from climate showed strongest differences on a seasonal basis. Out of the modelled land use pathways, a sustainable pathway manifested the least occurrence of extreme flood and sediment loss events under future climate; whereas a pathway geared towards self-sufficiency indicated the highest occurrence of such extreme events. Our findings show that careful attention must be placed on the land use and soil management in the region. To maintain freshwater quality, it will be increasingly important to implement environmental mitigation measures.
Forfattere
Narta ElshaniSammendrag
Sheep production systems in Norway present complexity in the same way as other systems partaking in the climate challenges. Sustainability of these systems cannot be defined through single-impact indicators; hence a broader range of sustainability dimensions and trade-offs must be assessed. The present research uses the Sustainability Assessment and Monitoring RouTine (SMART): a multi-criteria sustainability assessment based on the Sustainability Assessment of Food and Agriculture Systems (SAFA) Guidelines which gathers data on the farms’ performance through 327 indicators across 4 dimensions. Eight sheep farms in Norway were selected for assessment: four low-land coastal farms, and four inland mountain farms. Management practices which support sustainability were identified in all farms: high animal welfare, high number of days of access to pasture for the livestock, no/low use of synthetic chemicals, good water management, and high quality of life for farmers. Management practices which hinder sustainability and key areas for improvement were also identified: increased onfarm energy production, decreased use of externally sourced concentrate feed, and increased farmers’ knowledge about externally sourced inputs. Some differences between the coastal and inland farms were also identified which were related to number of days of access to pasture for livestock, water consumption, participation for farmers in trainings and additional education, and political involvement. Using the SMART-Farm tool aided the process of identifying practices and systematically evaluating them through a global sustainability perspective. Aggregated results from the SMART-Farm assessment indicated a high degree of goal achievement across dimensions. The farms scored on average above 80% on the Environmental Integrity and the Social Well-Being, and lower on the Economic Resilience and the Good Governance dimensions (76% & 71% respectively). To evaluate these results, a qualitative expert elicitation method was employed; this provided insight into shortcomings which were a result of the context-generic approach that the tool has and lack of inclusion of stakeholder participation in indicator selection and aggregation process. These shortcomings are important to consider when interpreting the results of numeral integration assessments which are used for decision-making. However, evaluating these scores was also a valuable outcome in itself since it uncovered knowledge gaps about the topic of sustainability of sheep farming in Norway.
Sammendrag
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Forfattere
Gunnhild SøgaardSammendrag
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Forfattere
Tatsiana EspevigRedaktører
John Kemp Maria StrandbergSammendrag
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Sammendrag
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Forfattere
Annbjørg KristoffersenSammendrag
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Forfattere
Jian LiuSammendrag
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Forfattere
Jian LiuSammendrag
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