Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2022
Forfattere
Anita SønstebySammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
Many forestry roles have changed from being manual tasks with a high physical workload to being a machine operator task with a high mental workload. Automation can support a decrease in mental fatigue by removing tasks that are repetitive and monotonous for the operators. Cable yarding presents an ideal opportunity for early adoption of automation technology; specifically the carriage movement along a defined corridor. A Valentini V-850 cable yarder was used in an Italian harvesting setting, in order to gauge the ergonomic benefit of carriage control automation. The study showed that automating yarder carriage movements improved the ergonomic situation of the workers directly involved in the related primary tasks. However, the caveat is that improving one work task may negatively affect the other work tasks, and therefore introducing automation to a worksite must be done after considering all impacts on the whole system. Practitioner summary: Automation decreased the winch operator’s mental workload while improving overall productivity. At the same time, the mental and physiological workload of the operator tasked with bucking were slightly increased. Ideally, winch automation should be coupled with bucking mechanisation to balance the intervention and boost both operator well-being and productivity.
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Carrie Brady Jo Ann Asselin Steven Beer May Bente Brurberg Bridget Crampton Stephanus Venter Dawn Arnold Sandra DenmanSammendrag
Bacteria isolated from onion bulbs suffering from bacterial decay in the United States and Norway were previously shown to belong to the genus Rahnella based on partial housekeeping gene sequences and/or fatty acid analysis. However, many strains could not be assigned to any existing Rahnella species. Additionally, strains isolated from creek water and oak as well as a strain with bioremediation properties were assigned to Rahnella based on partial housekeeping gene sequences. The taxonomic status of these 21 strains was investigated using multilocus sequence analysis, whole genome analyses, phenotypic assays and fatty acid analysis. Phylogenetic and phylogenomic analyses separated the strains into five clusters, one of which corresponded to Rahnella aceris . The remaining four clusters could be differentiated both genotypically and phenotypically from each other and existing Rahnella species. Based on these results, we propose the description of four novel species: Rahnella perminowiae sp. nov. (type strain SL6T=LMG 32257T=DSM 112609T), Rahnella bonaserana sp. nov. (H11bT=LMG 32256T=DSM 112610T), Rahnella rivi sp. nov. (FC061912-KT=LMG 32259T=DSM 112611T) and Rahnella ecdela sp. nov. (FRB 231T=LMG 32255T=DSM 112612T).
Forfattere
Andrea Ponzecchi Emil E. Thybring Ramunas Digaitis Maria Fredriksson Sara Piqueras Solsona Lisbeth Garbrecht ThygesenSammendrag
Water is a key element for wood performance, as water molecules interact with the wood structure and affect important material characteristics such as mechanical properties and durability. Understanding wood-water interactions is consequently essential for all applications of wood, including the design of wood materials with improved durability by chemical modification. In this work, we used Raman micro-spectroscopy in combination with a specially designed moisture chamber to map molecular groups in wood cell walls under controlled moisture conditions in the hygroscopic range. We analyzed both untreated and chemically modified (acetylated to achieve two different spatial distributions of acetyl groups within the cell wall) Norway spruce wood. By moisture conditioning the specimens successively to 5, 50, and 95% relative humidity using deuterium oxide (D2O), we localized the moisture in the cell walls as well as distinguished between hydroxyl groups accessible and inaccessible to water. The combination of Raman micro-spectroscopy with a moisturizing system with deuterium oxide allowed unprecedented mapping of wood-water interactions. The results confirm lower moisture uptake in acetylated samples, and furthermore showed that the location of moisture within the cell wall of acetylated wood is linked to the regions where acetylation is less pronounced. The study demonstrates the local effect that targeted acetylation has on moisture uptake in wood cell walls, and introduces a novel experimental set-up for simultaneously exploring sub-micron level wood chemistry and moisture in wood under hygroscopic conditions.
Forfattere
Mette Goul ThomsenSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Mette ThomsenSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Calle Niemi Agnes Mols Mortensen Ralf Rautenberger Böris Sanna Christina A Matsson András Gorzsás Francesco G. GentiliSammendrag
Seaweed is considered a potentially sustainable source of protein for human consumption, and rapid, accurate methods for determining seaweed protein contents are needed. Seaweeds contain substances which interfere with common protein estimation methods however. The present study compares the Lowry and BCA protein assays and protein determination by N-ratios to more novel spectroscopic methods. Linear regression of the height or the integrated area under the Amide II band of diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS) was used to predict seaweed protein with good prediction performance. Partial least squares regression (PLSR) was performed on both DRIFTS and near-infrared (NIR) spectra, with even higher prediction accuracy. Spectroscopy performed similar to or better than the calculated N-ratio of 4.14 for protein prediction. These spectral prediction methods require minimal sample preparation and chemical use, and are easy to perform, making them environmentally sustainable and economically viable for rapid estimation of seaweed protein.
Forfattere
Maria Nicte Polanco Olsen Adam O'TooleSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Håvard EikemoSammendrag
Potetkreft er en fryktet sykdom i potetdyrkingen, siden den kan føre til totalt avlingstap hvis den ikke bekjempes. Den har ikke vært påvist i Norge siden 1994, men økende forekomster i Sverige og Danmark de siste årene har gjort sjukdommen mer aktuell. Utbruddene i Sverige og Danmark har også vært forårsaket av raser som kan angripe mange av de vanligste potetsortene i Norge. Formålet med dette OK-programmet er å sjekke tilstedeværelse av potetkreft i Norge, samt teste metodikken rundt visuell påvisning og molekylær testing for potetkreft. Selv om man regner potetkreft som ikke forekommende i Norge er det viktig å gjennomføre denne typen undersøkelser for å få dokumentert statusen. Totalt ble 360 prøver vurdert i 2021, og alle var negative ved visuell bedømmelse. Det ble heller ikke funnet noe mistenkelig som førte til at prøvene burde kontrolleres ved PCR. Av de 360 prøvene ble 52 prøver tilfeldig valgt ut for kontroll ved hjelp av PCR, og også disse var negative. Resultatene fra 2021 viser at status for potetkreft i Norge henhold til ISPM 8 er å anse som «Absent: pest no longer present».