Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2024
Forfattere
Helle Ross Gobakken Mostafa Hoseini Stephan Hoffmann Jan Bjerketvedt Johannes Rahlf Rasmus AstrupSammendrag
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Forfattere
Annika M. Felton Hilde Karine Wam Zbigniew Borowski Aksel Granhus Laura Juvany Juho Matala Markus Melin Märtha Wallgren Anders MårellSammendrag
Climate change causes far-reaching disruption in nature, where tolerance thresholds already have been exceeded for some plants and animals. In the short term, deer may respond to climate through individual physiological and behavioral responses. Over time, individual responses can aggregate to the population level and ultimately lead to evolutionary adaptations. We systematically reviewed the literature (published 2000–2022) to summarize the effect of temperature, rainfall, snow, combined measures (e.g., the North Atlantic Oscillation), and extreme events, on deer species inhabiting boreal and temperate forests in terms of their physiology, spatial use, and population dynamics. We targeted deer species that inhabit relevant biomes in North America, Europe, and Asia: moose, roe deer, wapiti, red deer, sika deer, fallow deer, white-tailed deer, mule deer, caribou, and reindeer. Our review (218 papers) shows that many deer populations will likely benefit in part from warmer winters, but hotter and drier summers may exceed their physiological tolerances. We found support for deer expressing both morphological, physiological, and behavioral plasticity in response to climate variability. For example, some deer species can limit the effects of harsh weather conditions by modifying habitat use and daily activity patterns, while the physiological responses of female deer can lead to long-lasting effects on population dynamics. We identified 20 patterns, among which some illustrate antagonistic pathways, suggesting that detrimental effects will cancel out some of the benefits of climate change. Our findings highlight the influence of local variables (e.g., population density and predation) on how deer will respond to climatic conditions. We identified several knowledge gaps, such as studies regarding the potential impact on these animals of extreme weather events, snow type, and wetter autumns. The patterns we have identified in this literature review should help managers understand how populations of deer may be affected by regionally projected futures regarding temperature, rainfall, and snow.
Forfattere
Lillian ØygardenSammendrag
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Sammendrag
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Forfattere
Stacey M. Trevathan-Tackett Sebastian Kepfer-Rojas Martino Malerba Peter I. Macreadie Ika Djukic Junbin Zhao Erica B. Young Paul H. York Shin-Cheng Yeh Yanmei Xiong Gidon Winters Eilat Campus Danielle Whitlock Carolyn A. Weaver Anne Watson Inger Visby Jacek Tylkowski Allison Trethowan Scott Tiegs Ben Taylor Jozef Szpikowski Grazyna Szpikowska Victoria L. Strickland Normunds Stivrins Ana I. Sousa Sutinee Sinutok Whitney A. Scheffel Rui Santos Jonathan Sanderman Salvador Sánchez-Carrillo Joan-Albert Sanchez-Cabeza Krzysztof G. Rymer Ana Carolina Ruiz-Fernandez Bjorn J. M. Robroek Tessa Roberts Aurora M. Ricart Laura K. Reynolds Grzegorz Rachlewicz Anchana Prathep Andrew J. Pinsonneault Elise Pendall Richard J. Payne Ilze Ozola Cody Onufrock Anne Ola Steven F. Oberbauer Aroloye O. Numbere Alyssa B. Novak Joanna Norkko Alf Norkko Thomas J. Mozdzer Pam Morgan Diana I. Montemayor Charles W. Martin Sparkle L. Malone Maciej Major Mikolaj Majewski Carolyn J. Lundquist Catherine E. Lovelock Songlin Liu Hsing-Juh Lin Ana Lillebo Jinquan Li John S. Kominoski Anzar Ahmad Khuroo Jeffrey J. Kelleway Kristin I. Jinks Daniel Jerónimo Christopher Janousek Emma L. Jackson Oscar Iribarne Torrance Hanley Maroof Hamid Arjun Gupta Rafael D. Guariento Ieva Grudzinska Anderson da Rocha Gripp María A. González Sagrario Laura M. Garrison Karine Gagnon Esperança Gacia Marco Fusi Lachlan Farrington Jenny Farmer Francisco de Assis Esteves Mauricio Escapa Monika Domańska André T. C. Dias Carmen B. de los Santos Daniele Daffonchio Pawel M. Czyryca Rod M. Connolly Alexander Cobb Maria Chudzińska Bart Christiaen Peter Chifflard Sara Castelar Luciana S. Carneiro José Gilberto Cardoso-Mohedano Megan Camden Adriano Caliman Richard H. Bulmer Jennifer Bowen Christoffer Boström Susana Bernal John A. Berges Juan C. Benavides Savanna C. Barry Juha M. Alatalo Alia N. Al-Haj Maria Fernanda AdameSammendrag
Patchy global data on belowground litter decomposition dynamics limit our capacity to discern the drivers of carbon preservation and storage across inland and coastal wetlands. We performed a global, multiyear study in over 180 wetlands across 28 countries and 8 macroclimates using standardized litter as measures of “recalcitrant” (rooibos tea) and “labile” (green tea) organic matter (OM) decomposition. Freshwater wetlands and tidal marshes had the highest tea mass remaining, indicating a greater potential for carbon preservation in these ecosystems. Recalcitrant OM decomposition increased with elevated temperatures throughout the decay period, e.g., increase from 10 to 20 °C corresponded to a 1.46-fold increase in the recalcitrant OM decay rate constant. The effect of elevated temperature on labile OM breakdown was ecosystem-dependent, with tidally influenced wetlands showing limited effects of temperature compared with freshwater wetlands. Based on climatic projections, by 2050 wetland decay constants will increase by 1.8% for labile and 3.1% for recalcitrant OM. Our study highlights the potential for reduction in belowground OM in coastal and inland wetlands under increased warming, but the extent and direction of this effect at a large scale is dependent on ecosystem and OM characteristics. Understanding local versus global drivers is necessary to resolve ecosystem influences on carbon preservation in wetlands.
Sammendrag
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Sammendrag
Authors: Franić, I, S Prospero, KA, EA, FA, MAA-R, SA, DA, WB, MB, KB, AB, PB, HB, TB, MB Brurberg, TB, DB, MC, JC, DC, GC, K, KD, MdeG, JD, HTDL, RD, JE, ME, CBE, RF, JF, NF, ÁF-M, MG, BG, MH, LH, MKH, MH, MJJ, MK, MK, NK, MK, VK, NL, MVL, JL, ML, HL, CLM, CM, DM, IM, TM, JM, DM, CN, RO'H, FO, TP, TP, BP, HR, JR, AR, AR, BR, KS, CS, V Talgø, МТ, AU, MU, AMV, CV, YW, JW, MZ, R Eschen. Abstract: Non-native pests, climate change, and their interactions are expected to disrupt the relationships between trees and the organisms associated with them, thereby impacting forest health. In order to comprehend and anticipate these changes, it is crucial to identify the factors that shape tree-associated communities. We collected and analysed insects and fungi obtained from dormant twigs of 155 tree species across 51 botanical gardens or arboreta in 32 countries on six continents. Fungi were characterized by high-throughput sequencing. Insects were first reared and then sorted into taxonomic orders and feeding guilds. Herbivorous insects were then grouped into morphospecies and were identified using molecular and morphological approaches. By employing generalized dissimilarity models, we assessed the relative significance of various climatic, host-related, and geographic factors in driving dissimilarities among tree-associated communities. This dataset reveals the diversity of tree- associated taxa, as it contains 12,721 amplicon sequence variants and 208 herbivorous insect morphospecies, sampled across broad geographic and climatic gradients and for many tree species. Mean annual temperature, the phylogenetic distance between hosts, and the geographic distance between locations were the primary determinants of dissimilarities. The increasing influence of high temperatures on community differences suggests that climate change could directly and indirectly impact tree-associated organisms through shifts in host ranges. Furthermore, insect and fungal communities exhibited greater similarity among closely related hosts compared to distantly related hosts, implying that expansion of host ranges could facilitate the emergence of new pests. Additionally, dissimilarities among tree-associated communities increased with geographic distance, suggesting that human-mediated transportation could lead to the introduction of new pests. These study results underscore the importance of limiting the introduction and establishment of tree pests and enhancing the resilience of forest ecosystems in response to climate change.
Forfattere
Anita SønstebySammendrag
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Sammendrag
Forests, especially in the northern latitudes, are vulnerable ecosystems to climate change, and tree-ring data offer insights into growth-climate relationships as an important effect. Using the National Forest Inventory plot network, we analysed these correlations for the two dominant conifer species in Norway – Norway spruce and Scots pine – for the 1960–2020 period. For both species, the June climate was an important driver of radial growth during this period. Countrywide, the climate-growth correlations divided the Norwegian forests into spatial clusters following a broad shift from temperature- to water-sensitivity of growth with latitude and altitude. The clusters were delineated by a mean 1960–2020 June temperature of ca. 12°C for Norway spruce and Scots pine. The annual mean growing season and July temperatures – but not June temperature – has increased by 1.0 °C between the 1960–1990 and 1990–2020 periods, with a slight increase in precipitation. Despite this warming and wetting trend, the long-term growth-climate relationship has remained relatively stable between 1960 and 1990 and 1990–2020 for both species. The threshold between temperature and water-sensitive growth has not changed in the last two 31-year periods, following the stability of the June temperature compared with other months during the growing season. These findings highlight geographically coherent regions in Norway, segregating between temperature- and water-sensitive radial growth for the two major conifer species, temporally stable in the long-term for the 1960–2020 period studied.
Forfattere
Yilai Lou Liangshan Feng Wen Xing Ning Hu Elke Noellemeyer Edith Le Cadre Kazunori Minamikawa Pardon Muchaonyerwa Mohamed A. E. AbdelRahman Erika Flavia Machado Pinheiro Wim de Vries Jian Liu Scott Chang Jizhong Zhou Zhanxiang Sun Weiping Hao Xurong MeiSammendrag
Agriculture, broadly defined to include crop and livestock production, forestry, aquaculture and fishery, represents a key source or sink of greenhouse gas emissions. It is also a vulnerable sector under climate change. The term climate-smart agriculture has been widely used since its inception in 2010, but no clear and unified understanding of its scientific meaning exists. Here, we systematically analyzed the relationship between agriculture and climate change and interpreted the scientific definition of climate-smart agriculture. We believe that climate smart agriculture represents a modern production approach to coordinatively promote food security, climate mitigation benefits and agricultural adaptation to climate change towards the Sustainable Development Goals. In addition, due to the worsening global climate change situation, we expounded on the urgency and major challenges in promoting climate-smart agriculture.