Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2018
Forfattere
Åge Arild NyborgSammendrag
Lesja har et tørt innlandsklima. Samtidig har Lesja mye vann, både i Lågen, i sideelver og i innsjøer. Mye av jordsmonnet i kommunen bærer preg av denne kombinasjonen. Løsmasser er avsatt og påvirket av vann, mens det tørre klimaet har sørget for en langsom ordsmonnutvikling som gir jorda et ungdommelig preg.
Sammendrag
I 2016 ble det analysert 1326 prøver av ferske, fryste eller bearbeidede matvarer i overvåkingsprogrammet «Rester av plantevernmidler i næringsmidler» som NIBIO utfører på oppdrag av og i samarbeid med Mattilsynet. Prøveuttaket omfattet 111 ulike vareslag fra 57 forskjellige land. Av de 1326 prøvene var 68 % importerte og 32 % norskproduserte næringsmidler. Resultatene viser at innholdet av rester av plantevernmidler i næringsmidler på det norske markedet er lavt. I mer enn 96 % av prøvene som ble tatt ut i 2016, er innholdet godt under de fastsatte grenseverdiene.
Sammendrag
Blomster bruker insekter for reproduksjon og frøsetting, samtidig som insekter bruker blomster som næringskilde for pollen og nektar. Tap av blomsterrike vegetasjonstyper som beiter og villenger, er blant de største truslene for villblomster og –bier.
Sammendrag
Strategiplanen oppsummerer Genbanken for verpehøns sitt samfunnsoppdrag de neste ti årene som vurderes å ha tre hovedkomponenter; 1) Sikre genetikken i den eneste norske hønserasen jærhøna og de fire verpehønslinjene som forsynte det norske hønseeggmarkedet fram til 1995. 2) Bidra til god helsestatus i norsk fjørfeproduksjon ved salg av smittefritt dyremateriale til hobbyfjørfemiljøet og mindre eggprodusenter. 3) Levere dyremateriale til forskning.
Forfattere
Yanliang Wang Erik Lysøe Tegan Armarego-Marriott Alexander Erban Lisa Paruch Andre van Eerde Ralph Bock Jihong Liu ClarkeSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Arne Bardalen Synnøve Rivedal Anders Aune Adam O`Toole Finn Walland Hanna Marika Silvennoinen Ievina Sturite Frederik Bøe Daniel Rasse Ivar Pettersen Lillian ØygardenSammendrag
Sammendrag: Denne rapporten gir en oppdatert oversikt over tiltakspotensiale for tiltak som jordbruket kan iverksette for å redusere klimagassutslipp. Det er tiltak innen dagens produksjonsystemer og struktur som er vektlagt. Det er sammenlignet med vurderinger gjort i rapporten «Landbruk og klimaendringer» fra 2016. Effekt av tiltak, gjennomføringsgrad og forutsetninger for gjennomføring til 2030 er prioritert.
Sammendrag
The boreal forest is a key ecosystem for global C sequestration and storage. Microorganisms in soil have crucial functions in regulating these processes. Fungi are typically sharply structured with soil depth, but we largely lack such information for other microorganism, including bacteria and other micro-eukaryotes. To improve our knowledge of how different microorganisms are structured vertically and how they might interact, we investi-gated the communities of bacteria, fungi and micro-eukaryotes in four different soil horizons in natural birch forests in Western Norway. The communities of all three organismal groups were strongly structured along the vertical depth. Our results support the hypothesis that natural decrease in nutrient availability and pH differ-ences between organic and mineral horizons affect the distribution of soil microorganisms. Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria and Planctomycetes dominated in the uppermost organic layer while Acidobacteria and Firmicu-tes in mineral layers. Proportionally, fungi dominated in mineral layers whereas other micro-eukaryotes (Meta-zoa, Apicomplexa, Conosa, Ochrophyta and Chlorophyta) in organic layers. Ascomycota were relatively more abundant in mineral layers compared to Basidiomycota and Cryptomycota. Nematoda, Annelida and Arthropo-da showed decreasing trends with depth. Furthermore, different optima in the depth distribution of ectomy-corrhizal and saprotrophic genera was observed, supporting the view that different genera are adapted to different niches along the soil depth gradient. Network analyses will be used to infer tentative biotic interac-tions between the microbial groups and how this varies with soil depth.
Sammendrag
Four lab scale biogas reactors fed with a substrate composition of ensiled fish waste and manure fixed at 13 and 87 vol %, respectively, were operated with HRTs of 20, 25, 30 and 40 days. Biogas process performance and stability were evaluated with regard to CH4 yields, NH4+ accumulation and abundance of NH4+-tolerant microorganisms. Process performance in the reactors operated at different HRTs were compared to process performance in reactors operated with constant HRT, fed with increased ratios of fish waste. The process performance and microbial dynamics were stable in reactors operated at constant amount of fish waste in the feed and with different HRTs. In the reactors added elevated ratios of fish waste, the concentration of NH4+ and abundance of NH4+-tolerant acetate oxidizing bacteria increased. The biogas process failed in these reactors simultaneously with an observed shift in microbial composition. In particular, the bacterium Tepidanaerobacter Acetatoxydans seemed to affect the biogas process stability. The hydrogenotrophic Methanomicrobiales increased in abundance in response to higher fish waste loading and NH4+ concentrations. This study showed that at a loading of 13% fish waste, it is possible to decrease the HRT from 30 to 20 days without markedly inhibiting the process stability.
Forfattere
Ramón Fernando Colmenares-Quintero Luis-Fernando Latorre-Noguera Juan-Carlos Colmenares-Quintero Janka DibdiakovaSammendrag
The study carried out here aims to determine the advantage of using in-situ electricity generation facilities versus conventional generators, being evaluated from the environmental point of view. For this, an environmental analysis on the production of CO2 has been applied to two scenarios of electricity generation for a residential building in Medellin city (Colombia). The first one refers to La Sierra thermo-electric plant located in La Sierra, municipality of Puerto Nare, in the Antioquiashire, which is the most efficient plant in Colombian thermal generation. The second comparison scenario refers to the annual operation of a micro-cogeneration facility, which satisfies the building's hot water and electrical energy needs. Using the capabilities of the TRNSYS v17® energy simulation software and the emission equations available in the public domain, the comparative environmental analysis is carried out between one and the other for the same load. The losses in electric transmission are assumed to be 10%. This analysis has shown a difference of more than 50% in emissions generation, with the main cause being the amount of fuel used, which for both cases is natural gas. On the other hand, this study shows the environmental advantages in the use of in-situ generators, decreasing transmission losses.
Sammendrag
Lunch canteens and their salad bars are an important arena for sales and consumption of vegetables including herbs. One major Norwegian canteen operator had a turnover of more than seven thousand tons of fresh vegetables in 2016, with lettuce, tomato, potato, cucumber and bell pepper being the most important species. A typical lunch meal included about 260 g vegetables including potatoes. Vegetables used in 450 canteens were either green, yellow, orange, red, purple/dark or colorless, and consisted of pigments of chlorophylls, carotenoids, anthocyanins and betalains. The total pigment content in the 60 most abundant vegetables was calculated to be 14.5-28.3 mg 100 g-1 FW. Of all vegetables in the canteens, 60% were found to be green. The intake of chlorophyll through one lunch meal was estimated to be 46 mg. Lettuce was found to be the single most important source of chlorophylls as this species was consumed in high amounts and made up 20% of the vegetables in a lunch meal. Carotenoids was found in all colored vegetables except the purple/dark ones and an estimate revealed an intake of 15 mg total carotenoids from lunch vegetables. Tomato was found to be the most important carotenoid source representing 44% of the total intake. Due to high pigment concentrations and popularity of red beets in the salad bars, the intake of betalains through a lunch meal was estimated to be 3 mg, similar to the total intake of anthocyanins from vegetable species.