Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2018
Sammendrag
The fungus Neonectria fuckeliana has become an increasing problem on Norway spruce (Picea abies) in the Nordic countries during recent years. Canker wounds caused by the pathogen reduce timber quality and top-dieback is a problem for the Christmas tree industry. In this study, four inoculation trials were conducted to examine the ability of N. fuckeliana to cause disease on young Norway spruce plants and determine how different wound types would affect the occurrence and severity of the disease. Symptom development after 8–11 months was mainly mild and lesion lengths under bark were generally minor. However, N. fuckeliana could still be reisolated and/or molecularly detected. Slow disease development is in line with older studies describing N. fuckeliana as a weak pathogen. However, the results do not explain the serious increased damage by N. fuckeliana registered in Nordic forests and Christmas tree plantations. Potential management implications, such as shearing Christmas trees during periods of low inoculum pressure, cleaning secateurs between trees, and removal and burning of diseased branches and trees to avoid inoculum transfer and to keep disease pressure low, are based on experiments presented here and experiences with related pathogens.
Forfattere
Francisco Javier Ancin Murguzur Aitor Barbero-Lopez Sari Kontunen-Soppela Antti HaapalaSammendrag
Microbial growth on culture media is a commonplace technique to estimate the growth rate and virulence ofmicrobes, assess inhibitory effects of compounds and estimate potential damages of plant pathogens in agri-culture. Growth area measurement of solid cultures is still commonly performed as a manual process that re-quires skilled technicians and substantial time, thus warranting an automated system to reduce the workload andincrease measurement efficiency. A machine learning approach (Support Vector Machines) was developed tofully automate the area measurement process. We developed a functional model that processes images andreturns the microbial area coverage considerably faster than a manual measurement method, with minimal userinput and highly comparable results (R2= 0.88, kappa = 0.88) applicable over large datasets.
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Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
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Forfattere
Stef Bokhorst Matty P. Berg Guro Kristine Edvinsen Jacintha Ellers Amber Heitman Laura Jaakola Hanne Mæhre Gareth K. Phoenix Hans Tømmervik Jarle W. BjerkeSammendrag
The following article, Bokhorst, S., Berg, M.P., Edvinsen, G.K., Ellers, J., Heitman, A., Jaakola, L., ... Bjerke, J.W. (2018). Impact of Multiple Ecological Stressors on a Sub-Arctic Ecosystem: No Interaction Between Extreme Winter Warming Events, Nitrogen Addition and Grazing. <i>Frontiers in Plant Science, 9</i>, can be accessed at <a href=https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2018.01787> https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2018.01787</a>.
Forfattere
Gregor Kalinkat, Tea Ammunet Madeleine Barton Andrea Battisti Sanford D. Eigenbrode Jane Uhd Jepsen Philipp Lehmann Seppo Neuvonen Pekka Niemelä Bjørn Økland John s. Terblanche Christer BjörkmanSammendrag
Recently, Deutsch and colleagues(1) projected future increases in yield losses to insect pests of the three globally most important staple crops under different climate change scenarios. Their results are based on model simulations parameterized with thermal sensitivity analyses of population growth and metabolic rates from a geographically and functionally diverse set of insect species taken from an earlier study(2). A subset of the original data compilation was then used to estimate the direct impact of warming on insect fitness across latitudes(3). More precisely, the derived thermal-dependence of fitness for globally distributed terrestrial insect species was integrated with projected geographic distribution of climate change for the next century (3). These models were then deployed in the new study investigating potential yield losses in three specific crops(1). We submit that Deutsch and colleagues rely on inadequate empirical data for their model parameterization to estimate pest-related crop losses. Strikingly, their source data did not include major pest taxa of the focal staple crops and were not restricted to herbivores despite that temperature-dependence of metabolic and performance responses are known to vary substantially among trophic levels and functional groups(4,5). Hence, the inferences drawn by Deutsch and colleagues(1) may be unreliable. Mitigating potential climate change responses of pest organisms jeopardizing future food security can only be successful if they are based on high-quality information relevant to the crop system in question(6). References 1. C. A. Deutsch et al., Science. 361, 916–919 (2018). 2. M. R. Frazier, R. B. Huey, D. Berrigan, Am. Nat. 168, 512–520 (2006). 3. C. A. Deutsch et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 105, 6668–6672 (2008). 4. A. I. Dell, S. Pawar, V. M. Savage, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 108, 10591–10596 (2011). 5. A. I. Dell, S. Pawar, V. M. Savage, J. Anim. Ecol. 83, 70–84 (2014). 6. P. Lehmann et al., bioRxiv (2018), doi:10.1101/425488.
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Forfattere
Aritz Royo-Esnal Donato Loddo Jevgenija Necajeva Peter Kryger Jensen Friederike De Mol Garifalia Economou Alireza Taab Anna Bochenek Agnieszka Synowiec Isabel Calha Lars Andersson Ahmet Uludag Ilham Uremis Andrea Onofri Kirsten TørresenSammendrag
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Forfattere
Jevgenija Necajeva Aritz Royo-Esnal Donato Loddo Peter Kryger Jensen Friederike De Mol Garifalia Economou Alireza Taab Anna Bochenek Agnieszka Synowiec Isabel Calha Lars Andersson Ahmet Uludag Ilham Uremis Kirsten TørresenSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag