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Publikasjoner

NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.

2020

Sammendrag

114 plante- og dyrearter er forsvunnet i Norge de siste to hundre årene. Mange av disse hadde sine liv i slåttemarker. Nå må statsansatte gjøre som fortidens gårdbrukere, for å hindre at flere arter dør ut.

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Sammendrag

Understanding the factors that determine species’ resistance to environmental change is of utmost importance for biodiversity conservation. Here we investigated how the abundances of marshland species are determined by niche properties and functional traits. We re-surveyed 150 vegetation plots that were first surveyed in 1973 in order to explore species abundance changes over time. We found that the mean water level in the habitats of most studied species decreased significantly from 1973 to 2012. Nine of 17 target species were identified as abundance decreasing species and the other eight as abundance increasing species. The comparisons of seven plant characteristics (niche position water level, plant height, and five leaf traits) showed that the decreasing species had a significantly higher value of optimum water level and marginally significantly lower leaf N contents and specific leaf area (SLA) than those in increasing species. The stepwise regression analysis showed that optimum water level and leaf N were the best predictors of abundance changes of marsh plant species, as well as that the effect of optimum water level was stronger than that of leaf N. Our findings demonstrated that niche properties may be important for forecasting changes in wetland plant communities over time.

Sammendrag

Fekalkildesporing er en teknikk som gir informasjon om hvilken dyregruppe bakterier fra avføring stammer fra. NIBIO har nylig utviklet en metode som angir hvilken andel bakterier som stammer fra fem grupper: fire spesifikke dyregrupper (inkludert mennesker) og en femte gruppe som dekker øvrige dyrearter. Metoden gjør det mulig å skille utslipp fra kommunalt nett (mennesker) fra andre kilder (f.eks dyrehold eller vilt). Denne artikkelen beskriver bruk av metoden langs Nitelva på strekningen gjennom gamle Skedsmo kommune (nå Lillestrøm). De høye konsentrasjonene av Escherichia coli (E. coli) som ble målt på våren (mai 2019) definerer fekal vannforurensing som skyldes dyr (mest sannsynlig vannfugler) og ikke mennesker.

Sammendrag

In integrated pest management (IPM), the goal is to keep the impact of damaging agents below a threshold level with reduced pesticide use. The present review is focusing on IPM of fungal diseases and Phytophthora root rot in Norwegian Christmas tree plantations. Healthy transplants are of vital importance to give the production a good establishment. Sanitation of diseased material and weeds is also very important in IPM. Management strategies will vary with the disease-causing agent in question, therefore, correct identification is necessary. The major pathogens are within the kingdom’s Fungi (e.g. Neonectria neomacrospora) and Chromista (e.g. Phytophthora spp.). They depend on relatively high humidity or free moisture to spread and infect. Any factors diminishing the duration of wet conditions will, therefore, reduce the disease pressure. Efficient weed management in Christmas tree fields will increase air circulation and thereby ensure a quicker drying after precipitation. Furthermore, certain weed species are host plants for rust fungi on Christmas trees, and thus, removal of the alternate host is a highly relevant control strategy. In Norway, fungicide use in Christmas trees is limited and only recommended during the short period from bud break to fully elongated shoots, generally the most vulnerable period concerning fungal attacks.