Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2018
Forfattere
Gro HylenSammendrag
Tørt, varmt vær over lengre tid gir økt skogbrannfare. Store, ukontrollerte branner setter mennesker og dyrs liv og helse i fare, og kan ødelegge skog, bygninger og infrastruktur. En skogbrann innebærer alt fra lett påvirkning av skogmiljøet, til gjennomgripende endringer i hele økosystemer. For enkelte arter kan skogbrann være en katastrofe, for andre en nødvendighet for artens videre eksistens. Barmarksesongen 2017 hadde 301 registrerte skogbranner på til sammen 5 252 dekar, som er det femte største arealet som er registrert de siste 20 årene. Ni av ti skogbranner skyldes menneskelig aktivitet.
Sammendrag
Slåttemark har status som trua naturtype jfr. naturmangfoldloven. Restaurering og skjøtsel av resterende artsrike slåttemarker er tids- og ressurskrevende siden de er ofte små, bratte eller grunnlendte. Samtidig har det blitt anbefalt å etterligne mest mulig det tradisjonelle bruksregimet som inkluderer ljåslått (eller tohjulstraktor), bakketørking/hesjing og fjerning av graset for å sikre det biologiske mangfoldet. Tilskuddsordningen for trua naturtyper skal stimulere til å restaurere og holde verdifulle slåttemarkene i hevd ved å gi tilskudd til den arbeidskrevende slåtten. For å få flest mulige lokaliteter bevart for framtiden er det viktig at arbeidsmengden og krav om utstyr og håndtering av graset under restaurering og skjøtsel er overkommelig uten at det går på bekostning av artsmangfoldet. Hovedmålsettingen med prosjektet var å undersøke hva slags effekt økt mekanisering av slått har på artsmangfoldet i verdifull slåttemark ved å erstatte bruk av ljå og tohjulstraktor med ryddesag eller beitepusser......
Sammendrag
Numerous species of wild berries are abundant in the Nordic forests, mountains and peat lands. They ripen throughout the early summer until late autumn. Both lingonberry (Vaccinium vitis-idaea) and bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus), that are among the most picked wild berries, are characteristic field layer species in boreal forests. Other species that have potential of being better exploited are cloudberry (Rubus chamaemorus), crowberry (Empeterum nigrum), bog blueberry (Vaccinium uliginosum), arctic bramble (Rubus arcticus), wild strawberries/woodland strawberries (Fragaria vesca) and wild raspberries (Rubus idaeus). Wild berries have always been an important part of the Nordic cuisine. However, only about 5–10 per cent of the annual wild berry crop of approximately a billion kilograms are currently picked for private or commercial consumption. There are several challenges towards an increased utilization as year-to-year variation in crop, topography, logistics of berry picking including traceability, fragmented sector structure and the high share of unprocessed raw material in export. The scientific interest for these berries have in the recent years focused on their value concerning human health benefits. Nevertheless, commercialization and innovation of wild berries should focus on multiple use of the whole raw material into many different products. The Nordic wild berries are perfectly adapted to their environment and are well suited to studies of environmental effects on growth, development and quality. Additionally, they represent a valuable genepool for future breeding.
Forfattere
Kaishan Song Zhidan Wen Yingxing Shang Hong Yang Lili Lyu Ge Liu Chong Fang Jia Du Ying ZhaoSammendrag
As a major fraction of carbon in inland waters, dissolved organic carbon (DOC) plays a crucial role incarbon cycling on a global scale. However, the quantity of DOC stored in lakes and reservoirs was notclear to date. In an attempt to examine the factors that determine the DOC storage in lakes and reservoirsacross China, we assembled a large database (measured 367 lakes, and meta-analyzed 102 lakes from fivelimnetic regions; measured 144 reservoirs, and meta-analyzed 272 reservoirs from 31 provincial units) ofDOC concentrations and water storages for lakes and reservoirs that are used to determine DOC storagein static inland waters. We found that DOC concentrations in saline waters (Mean/median ± S.D: 50.5/30.0 ± 55.97 mg/L) are much higher than those in fresh waters (8.1/5.9 ± 6.8 mg/L), while lake DOCconcentrations (25.9/11.5 ± 42.04 mg/L) are much higher than those in reservoirs (5.0/3.8 ± 4.5 mg/L). Interms of lake water volume and DOC storage, the Tibet-Qinghai lake region has the largest water volume(552.8 km3), 92% of which is saline waters, thus the largest DOC (13.39 Tg) is stored in these alpine lakeregion; followed by the Mengxin lake region, having a water volume of 99.4 km3in which 1.75 Tg DOCwas stored. Compared to Mengxin lake region, almost the same amount of water was stored in East Chinalake region (91.9 km3), however, much less DOC was stored in this region (0.43 Tg) due to the lower DOCconcentration (Ave: 3.45 ± 2.68 mg/L). According to our investigation, Yungui and Northeast lake regionshad water storages of 32.14 km3and 19.44 km3respectively, but relatively less DOC was stored in Yungui(0.13 Tg) than in Northeast lake region (0.19 Tg). Due to low DOC concentration in reservoirs, especiallythese large reservoirs having lower DOC concentration (V > 1.0 km3: 2.31 ± 1.48 mg/L), only 1.54 Tg wasstored in a 485.1 km3volume of water contained in reservoirs across the entire country.
Forfattere
Kristi Parro Kajar Köster Kalev Jogiste Katrin Seglinš Allan Sims John A. Stanturf Marek MetslaidSammendrag
Boreal forests are an important carbon (C) sink and fire is the main natural disturbance, directly affecting the Ccycle via emissions from combustion of biomass and organic matter and indirectly through long-term changes in C-dynamics including soil respiration. Carbon dioxide (CO2) emission from soil (soil respiration) is one of the largest fluxes in the global C-cycle. Recovery of vegetation, organic matter and soil respiration may be influenced by the intensity of post-fire management such as salvage logging. To study the impact of forest fire, fire and salvage, and recovery time on soil respiration and soil C and N content, we sampled two permanent research areas in north-western Estonia that were damaged by fire: Vihterpalu (59°13′ N 23°49′ E) in 1992 and Nõva (59°10′ N 23°45′ E) in 2008. Three types of sample plots were established: 1) unburned control with no harvesting (CO); 2) burned and uncleared (BU); and 3) burned and cleared (BC). Measurements were made in 2013, 21 years after wildfire in Vihterpalu and 5 years after wildfire in Nõva. Soil respiration ranged from 0.00 to 1.38 g CO2 m−2 h−1. Soil respiration in the burned and cleared areas (BC) was not reduced compared to burned and uncleared (BU) areas but the average soil respiration in unburned control areas was more than twice the value in burned areas (average soil respiration in CO areas was 0.34 CO2 m−2 h−1, versus 0.16 CO2 m−2 h−1, the average soil respiration of BC and BU combined). Recovery over 20 years was mixed; respiration was insignificantly lower on younger than older burned sites (when BC and BU values were combined, the average values were 0.15 vs. 0.17 g CO2 m−2 h−1, respectively); soil-C was greater in the older burned plots than the younger (when BC and BU values were combined, the average values were 9.71 vs. 5.99 kgm−2, respectively); but root biomass in older and recently burned areas was essentially the same (average 2.23 and 2.11 kgm−2, respectively); soil-N was highest on burned areas 20 years after fire. Twenty years post-fire may be insufficient time for carbon dynamics to fully recover on these low productivity sandy sites.
Sammendrag
The amount of rented farmland in Norway has increased steadily since the 1950s. Concerns have been raised questioning whether farmland is treated less well by tenants compared to landowners. This study aims to investigate how farmers perceive their treatment of rented farmland, which factors impact their decisionmaking related to this and if farmers are concerned about farmland elements that are less important for productivity but mainly of interest for cultural heritage or environmental management reasons. Semi-structured interviews with a group of randomly selected farmers were carried out in an area dominated by intensive agriculture. Independent of, for example, amount of rented land or duration of the rental agreement, all farmers agreed that rented land was treated well. A strong competition for farmland in combination with farmers being dependent on renting land was the most important reason. Results from this study may be transferrable to other farming areas, at least where competition for farmland is comparable. We do suggest, however, that any further research on treatment of rented farmland in Norway should take a regional approach, since national statistics may cover significant regional differences.
Forfattere
Haakon Helland A Leufvén Gunnar Bengtsson Hanne Larsen Elin Merete Nicolaisen Mette Thomsen Arne Hermansen Anne-Berit Wold Liv BergeSammendrag
Preliminary results on aroma profiles (GC-MS) related to storage conditions (temperature, time and packaging atmosphere) are presented. The vegetables used in the experiments were rutabaga, carrot and turnip, which were peeled and cut before packaging, and stored at two different temperatures. O2 and CO2 concentrations in the packaging atmosphere were measured during the storage period to calculate the respiration rates of the produce. Cubed carrot showed a higher respiration rate than cubed turnip and rutabaga. Samples for analysis of volatiles were taken after 0 and 7 or 10 days. This type of analysis could be used as a complement to sensory analysis.
Forfattere
Inga Greipsland Roger Roseth Øistein Johansen Thor Endre Nytrø Rikard Pedersen Ståle Haaland Jonas ReinemoSammendrag
På oppdrag fra Bane NOR har NIBIO overvåket vannkvalitet i resipienter som kan motta avrenning fra anleggsarbeider i forbindelse med Follobanen. NIBIO har driftet opp til 9 automatiske målestasjoner utstyrt med multiparametersensorer for overvåking av vannkvalitet. I tillegg har det blitt tatt ut vannprøver ved 12 stasjoner og utført biologiske undersøkelser ved 2 stasjoner. Overvåkingen har pågått i bekker nedstrøms riggområdet på Åsland, i bekker sør for stasjonsområdet på Ski og langs anleggsområdet mellom Ski og Langhus. Årsrapporten omfatter alle resultater samlet inn på disse stasjonene i 2017.
Sammendrag
Ei oversikt over utviklinga i landbruket dei siste 10 åra i Vestlandsfylka Hordaland, Sogn og Fjordane og Møre og Romsdal vert presentert. Driftsgranskingane i jord- og skogbruk er ei årleg rekneskapsundersøking blant tilfeldig utvalde gardsbruk frå heile landet. I 2016 var det med totalt 920 bruk, der 179 var frå Vestlandet; 62 i Hordaland, 59 i Sogn og Fjordane og 58 i Møre og Romsdal. Jordbruksinntekta målt som vederlag til arbeid og eigenkapital, gjekk opp samanlikna med 2015. Alle driftsformene hadde ein auke, med unnatak av sauebruka. I motsetnad til 2015, hadde fruktbøndene eit godt år med gode avlingar. Nettoinvesteringane på Vestlandet gjekk ein del ned, medan auken i gjeld har flata ut.
Sammendrag
Land use change can affect biodiversity, and this has an impact on ecosystem services (ESs), but the relationships between biodiversity and ESs are complex and poorly understood. Biodiversity is declining due to the abandonment of extensively grazed semi-natural grasslands. We therefore aim to explore relationships between biodiversity and ESs provided by extensively managed semi-natural grasslands. Focusing on vascular plant species richness, as well as the ESs fodder quantity, quality, and stability, allergy control, climate regulation, nutrient cycling, pollination, and aesthetic appreciation, we carried out botanical field surveys of 28 paired extensively grazed and abandoned semi-natural grassland plots, with four subplots of 4m2 in each plot. The management of the semi-natural grasslands is and has been at low intensity. We calculated the influence of abandonment on the ES indicators, measured the correlation between the biodiversity measure of vascular plant species richness and ES indicators, and finally determined how the relationships between plant species richness and the ES indicators were affected by the cessation of the extensive management. ES indicators are often, but not always, positively correlated with species richness. Cessation of extensive grazing has both negative and positive effects on ES indicators but the relationships between species richness and ES indicators are often different in extensively managed and abandoned semi-natural grasslands. The relationships between species richness and ES indicators are less pronounced in the extensively managed semi-natural grassland than for the abandoned. One possible reason for this outcome is high functional redundancy in the extensively managed semi-natural grasslands.