Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2018
Forfattere
Olav Aaseth Hegnar Dejan Petrovic Bastien Bissaro Gry Alfredsen Aniko Varnai Vincent EijsinkSammendrag
Lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs) are copper-dependent enzymes that perform oxidative cleavage of recalcitrant polysaccharides. We have purified and characterized a recombinant family AA9 LPMO, LPMO9B, from Gloeophyllum trabeum (GtLPMO9B) which is active on both cellulose and xyloglucan. Activity of the enzyme was tested in the presence of three different reductants: ascorbic acid, gallic acid, and 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid (2,3-DHBA). Under standard aerobic conditions typically used in LPMO experiments, the first two reductants could drive LPMO catalysis whereas 2,3-DHBA could not. In agreement with the recent discovery that H2O2 can drive LPMO catalysis, we show that gradual addition of H2O2 allowed LPMO activity at very low, substoichiometric (relative to products formed) reductant concentrations. Most importantly, we found that while 2,3-DHBA is not capable of driving the LPMO reaction under standard aerobic conditions, it can do so in the presence of externally added H2O2. At alkaline pH, 2,3-DHBA is able to drive the LPMO reaction without externally added H2O2, and this ability overlaps entirely the endogenous generation of H2O2 by GtLPMO9B-catalyzed oxidation of 2,3-DHBA. These findings support the notion that H2O2 is a cosubstrate of LPMOs and provide insight into how LPMO reactions depend on, and may be controlled by, the choice of pH and reductant.
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Jevgenija Necajeva Aritz Royo-Esnal Donato Loddo Peter Kryger Jensen Friederike De Mol Garifalia Economou Alireza Taab Anna Bochenek Agnieszka Synowiec Isabel Calha Lars Andersson Ahmet Uludag Ilham Uremis Kirsten TørresenSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Julia Cooper Eleanor Y. Reed Stefan Hörtenhuber Thomas Lindenthal Anne-Kristin Løes Paul Mäder Jakob Magid Astrid Oberson Hartmut Kolbe Kurt MöllerSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
Mørdre nedbørfelt er en del av Program for jord- og vannovervåking i landbruket (JOVA) som rapporterer årlig om jordbruksdrift, avrenning og tap av partikler, næringsstoffer og plantevernmidler. I perioden fra 2010 til 2016 ble det observert de høye tap av fosfor i Mørdre-feltet. Denne rapporten presenterer en analyse av en lang tidsserie av observerte data for avrenning, suspendert sediment og fosfor tap som tar sikte på å undersøke årsakene til høye fosfortap samt eventuelt identifisere en permanent endring. Utfordringen er: (1) tidsavhengighet, (2) sammenkobling mellom prosessene i nedbørfelt og (3) nøyaktig informasjon om all aktiviteter i nedbørfeltet. Disse kan ikke identifiseres direkte fra gjeldende datasett. Forfattere identifiserte komplementære målinger og / eller tiltak som tar sikte på å undersøke og forstå vannets veier og transportprosesser for sediment og næringsstoffer i nedbørfeltet, og omfatter undersøkelser koblet til ekstreme hendelser.
Sammendrag
Blue and yellow sticky traps equipped with blue light emitting diodes (LEDs) were evaluated for their attractiveness to the western flower thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis Pergande) and compared to similar traps without light in two greenhouses with commercial production of either mixed herbs or Alstroemeria cut flowers. Blue traps were more attractive to F. occidentalis than the yellow traps in both crops, regardless of whether they were equipped with light or not. In herbs, the blue light equipped traps caught 1.7 to 2.5 times more thrips compared to blue traps without light, and 1.7 to 3.0 times more thrips than yellow traps with light. Blue light on both blue and yellow traps increased thrips catches in one out of two experiments in Alstroemeria. The blue light equipped traps caught 3.4 and 4.0 times more thrips than blue traps without light in coloured and white Alstroemeria cultivars, respectively, whereas yellow light equipped traps increased thrips catches 4.5 times compared to yellow traps without light in both coloured and white cultivars. The yellow light equipped traps caught, however, only equal to or only slightly more thrips than blue traps without light, and caught fewer thrips than the light equipped blue traps. The relative trapping efficiency of the different combinations of trap colour and light varied with experiment, crop and Alstroemeria cultivars. This suggests that factors other than merely the addition of light influenced the thrips' phototactic response to the traps. Such factors could be differences in the relative strength of the competition between attractive signals from traps and plants between the two crops and Alstroemeria cultivars, thrips density, seasonal lighting conditions or different pest management strategies and other operational procedures in the greenhouses. The light from the traps did not increase the thrips population on the plants below the traps. The implications of the results for thrips control and suggestions for further studies are discussed.
Forfattere
Francesca Giampieri Sadia Afrin Derek Stewart Gordon J. McDougall Rex Brennan Lesley Blyth Massimiliano Gasparrini Luca Mazzoni Franco Capocasa José Miguel Alvarez-Suarez Stefano Bompadre Pedro Nogueira Brás de Oliveira Claudia N. Santos Manuel Masias Pablo Agudo Jorge Crespo Bruno Mezzetti Tamara Y. Forbes-Hernández Maurizio BattinoSammendrag
Berry fruits are rich in nutrients and polyphenols, providing potential health benefits. Understanding the factors that affect their bioavailability is becoming of utmost importance for evaluating their biological significance and efficacy as functional food. In this study, the phytochemical composition and the total antioxidant capacity of different varieties of five berries (blackberry, blackcurrant, blueberry, raspberry, and strawberry) were evaluated after an in vitro gastrointestinal digestion process. The cultivar of each berry that showed the higher content of total phenols and flavonoids was selected to study its cytotoxic effect on human hepatoma cells. Digestion resulted in a high reduction (p < 0.05) of total phenolic, flavonoid and anthocyanin contents and total antioxidant capacity, in the “IN” samples compared to the “OUT” extracts, which represent the “serum-available” and the “colon-available” fractions, respectively. Incubation of the digested fraction for 24 h didn’t exert any effect on cellular viability, while a dose- and time-dependent cytotoxicity was observed after 48 h and 72 h of incubation for all the berries analyzed. Our results suggest that the approach proposed in this work may represent a rapid tool for evaluating and identifying new berries with increased phytochemical bioavailability, highlighting their antiproliferative agents after an in vitro digestion.
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Even Klyve Dahl Hetron Mweemba Munang'andu Andre van Eerde Jihong Liu Clarke Øystein EvensenSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Tonje Økland Jørn-Frode Nordbakken Holger Lange Ingvald Røsberg Kjersti Holt Hanssen Nicholas ClarkeSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag