Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2016
Forfattere
Habtamu AlemSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Synnøve GrenneSammendrag
Denne rapporten presenterer naturtypekartlegging og verdisetting av naturtyper på kulturmark (slåtte- og naturbeitemark) ved Rollset, Mostadmarka, i Malvik kommune. Kartlegginga er utført på oppdrag fra brukere og Malvik kommune.
Sammendrag
Denne rapporten beskriver rekartlegging og skjøtselsplan for slåttemark for Vennberg (Gnr 78, bnr. 3), Mostadmarka i Malvik kommune, Sør-Trøndelag fylke. Skjøtselsplanen er utarbeidet i samsvar med Handlingsplan for slåttemark på oppdrag fra Fylkesmannen i Sør-Trøndelag.
Forfattere
Synnøve GrenneSammendrag
Denne rapporten beskriver skjøtselsplan for Gusthaugen, Stod i Steinkjer kommune, Nord-Trøndelag fylke. Skjøtselsplanen er utarbeidet i samsvar med Handlingsplan for slåttemark på oppdrag fra grunneier og Fylkesmannen i Nord-Trøndelag. Bruker har planer om å utvikle et visningsområde for skjøtsel av slåttemark på Gusthaugen. I den forbindelse er det også blitt utarbeidet forslag til tekst og bilder til informasjonstavler som bruker ønsker å sette opp i området.
Forfattere
Synnøve GrenneSammendrag
Denne rapporten presenterer skjøtselsplan for kystlynghei for lokaliteten Åram, Sætrevik i Vanylven kommune, på oppdrag fra Fylkesmannen i Møre og Romsdal. Kystlynghei som naturtype er i dag sterkt truet i Norge. Skjøtselsplanen er utarbeidet etter mal for skjøtselsplaner for kystlynghei i regi av Miljødirektoratet.
Sammendrag
Increased occurrence of drought and dry spells during the growing season have resulted in increased interest in protection of tropical water catchment areas. In Mgeta, a water catchment area in the Uluguru Mountains in Tanzania, water used for vegetable and fruit production is provided through canals from the Uluguru South Forest Reserve. The clearing of forest land for cultivation in the steep slopes in the area is causing severe land degradation, which is threatening the water catchment area, livelihoods, and food security of the local communities, as well as the major population centers in the lowlands. In this paper, the economic performance of a traditional cropping-livestock system with East African (EA)-goats and pigs and extensive vegetable production is compared with a more sustainable and environmentally friendly crop-dairy goat production system. A linear programming (LP) crop-livestock model, maximizing farm income considering the environmental constraints in the area was applied for studying the economic performance of dairy goats in the production system. The model was worked out for the rainy and dry seasons and the analysis was conducted for a basic scenario representing the current situation, based on the variability in the 30 years period from 1982-2012, and in a scenario of both lower crop yields and increased crop variability due to climate change. Data obtained from a sample of 60 farmers that were interviewed using a questionnaire was used to develop and parameterize the model. The study found that in the steep slopes of the area, a crop-dairy goat system with extensive use of grass and multipurpose trees (MPTs) would do better than the traditional vegetable gardening with the EA goat production system. The crop-dairy goat system was superior both in the basic and in a climate change scenario since the yield variation of the grass and MPTs system was less affected compared to vegetable crops due to more tree cover and the use of perennial grasses. However, the goat milk production in the area was constrained by inadequate feeding and lack of an appropriate breeding program. Hence, farmers should enhance goat milk production by supplementing with more concentrate feed and by implementing goat-breeding principles. Moreover, policy measures to promote such a development are briefly discussed.
Forfattere
Louise C. Ross Gunnar Austrheim Leif Jarle Asheim Gunnar Bjarnason Jon Feilberg Anna Maria Fosaa Alison J. Hester Øystein Holand Ingibjörg S Jónsdóttir Lis E. Mortensen Atle Mysterud Erla Olsen Anders Skonhoft James David Mervyn Speed Geir Steinheim Des B.A. Thompson Anna G. ThorhallsdottirSammendrag
Sheep grazing is an important part of agriculture in the North Atlantic region, defined here as the Faroe Islands, Greenland, Iceland, Norway and Scotland. This process has played a key role in shaping the landscape and biodiversity of the region, sometimes with major environmental consequences, and has also been instrumental in the development of its rural economy and culture. In this review, we present results of the first interdisciplinary study taking a long-term perspective on sheep management, resource economy and the ecological impacts of sheep grazing, showing that sustainability boundaries are most likely to be exceeded in fragile environments where financial support is linked to the number of sheep produced. The sustainability of sheep grazing can be enhanced by a management regime that promotes grazing densities appropriate to the site and supported by area-based subsidy systems, thus minimizing environmental degradation, encouraging biodiversity and preserving the integrity of ecosystem processes.
Forfattere
Leif Jarle Asheim Julie Føske Johnsen Øystein Havrevoll Cecilie Marie Mejdell Ann Margaret GrøndahlSammendrag
The study examines the economics of different calf rearing systems and considers effects of suckling and milk feeding on production, health and welfare of dairy cows and growth, milk and feed use, health and welfare of calves. The economics of (i) no suckling, (ii) suckling for 3 days, (iii) suckling for 7 weeks, all assuming milk or milk replacer fed until weaning at 13 weeks, was compared with (iv) suckling for 13 weeks and no milk feeding. A linear programming (LP) model, maximizing profit on a dual purpose dairy-beef farm in lowland eastern Norway, was used for the comparison. Details on calf rearing methods, labor, weaning age, intake of milk, and solid feed were gathered for a sample of organic farms and grouped according to the length of the suckling period. The data were coupled with the National Dairy Herd Recording System (NDHRS) using cross-sectional data for the years 2008–2013. The results of the model study showed that suck- ling up to at least 7 weeks and longer than on most farms in the survey, had a positive influence on the farm economics. This was due to the positive influence on calf growth and health as well as lowered costs. Consequently, dual purpose dairy-beef farmers should be careful to sacrifice calf suckling and restrict calf milk feeding. Long suckling until weaning at 13 weeks was, however, unprofitable.
Forfattere
Kristin DaugstadSammendrag
Eit prosjekt finansiert av Norsk genressurssenter har sidan 2003 hatt som mål å utvikle nye lokalsortar (landsortar, gardsstammer) i tre av våre viktigaste engvekster. Desse vekstene er grasartane timotei (Phleum pratense) og engsvingel (Festuca pratensis), og belgveksten raudkløver (Trifolium pratense). Metoden for å få til dette er enkel: Først blir dei tre artane sådd ut i blanding, deretter blir enga hausta til fôr dei neste to åra og til slutt lar ein enga stå til frø det tredje engåret. Frøet som så blir hausta blir brukt til å anlegge nytt felt på samme staden. Kvar engsyklus tek fire år, og tanken er at etter gjentatte syklusar vil artane tilpasse seg klima og driftsmåte på staden, og bli til nye lokalsortar. Denne metoden liknar på måten me fekk tilpassa norske sortar den tida engdyrking starta opp i Norge sist på 18oo-talet. Det vart brukt importert frø av sortar som ikkje var tilpassa norsk klima og engene overvintra dårleg. Ved å produsere frø på garden på overlevande planter fekk ein etter kvart sortar tilpassa norske forhold. Prosjektet starta med å krysse saman breie populasjonar av dei tre artane (2003-2006). Desse var basert på innsamlingar lagra hos Nordgen, men også av moderne handelssortar. I 2007 starta den første engsyklusen med 7 engfelt. Desse felta var 600 m2 og plassert på Bioforskstasjonar og hos Norsk landbruksrådgjeving. I 2011 starta andre engsyklus. Totalt 15 felt vart sådd i hovedsak på vidaregåande skular med naturbrukslinje. Felta er i denne runda berre 100 m2, noko som skal gjere det overkommeleg med manuell frøhausting. Frø har vorte hausta på desse felta i 2014 og 2015, men det er att nokre felt det ikkje er hausta frø på enno.
Sammendrag
The production of accurate and reliable data on copper ecotoxicology of marine algae depends on the use of trace metal clean techniques during experimentation. We reviewed the methodologies used in the literature on copper ecotoxicology of marine macro- and microalgae, specifically the use of trace metal clean procedures such as the labware used (glassware vs. plasticware), methods of cleaning the labware (acid soaking and ultrapure water rinsing), stock solution preparation (copper source and acidification), and measurement and reporting of dissolved copper concentrations. In terms of taxonomic classification, the most studied algal groups were the Phyla Ochrophyta, Bacillariophyta, Rhodophyta, and Chlorophyta. In terms of methodology, ∼50% of the articles did not specify the labware, ∼25% used glassware, and ∼25% plasticware; ∼30% of the studies specified cleaning protocols for labware to remove trace metal impurities; the copper form used to prepare the stock solutions was specified in ∼80% of studies but acidification to stabilise the dissolved copper was performed in only ∼20%; and the dissolved copper concentration was measured in only ∼40% of studies. We discuss the importance of following trace metal clean techniques for the comparison and interpretation of data obtained on copper ecotoxicology in algae.