Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2025
Sammendrag
Resirkulering av organiske avfallsressurser som gjødsel er et viktig tiltak for å utnytte nitrogen som ellers ville gått tapt til vann og luft, og det er et sentralt element i sirkulærøkonomien.
Sammendrag
Med utgangspunkt i data for nåværende arealbruk, mjølkekvoter og bruksstruktur i seks eksempelkommuner, er det diskutert om tilgangen på grovfôrareal vil begrense produksjon og bruk av mer og bedre grovfôr i mjølkeproduksjonen. Statistikk for kjøp og salg av grovfôr på mjølkebruk er også trukket inn i drøftinga. Konklusjonen er at det vil bli vanskelig å øke andelen og/eller fordøyeligheten av grovfôr i rasjonen til norske mjølkekyr gjennom å øke det lokale grovfôrarealet per dyr eller mengde mjølk. Med dagens produksjonsvolum, bruksstruktur, avdrått og sannsynlige utvikling i denne, vil mer og bedre grovfôr måtte produseres ved å ta større energiavlinger per arealenhet.
Forfattere
Kannan Mohan Sabariswaran Kandasamy Tamilselvan Pachiannan Krishnaswamy Ezhilan Vivekanandan Ramya Preethi Surendran Abirami Ramu GanesanSammendrag
The search for renewable and sustainable energy sources is increasing worldwide, urges the identification of biofuels from insects. The possibility of producing biodiesel and biogas from insects has gained significant attention as a better alternative to conventional fossil fuels. This approach is due to the presence of high lipid and protein contents of certain insect species, including black soldier fly larvae, mealworms and crickets, which can be cultivated on organic waste streams. Insects such as black soldier flies and mealworms require minimal water and land for cultivation, and their waste-based diet reduces environmental impacts while promoting waste valorization compared to traditional biofuel feedstocks. Insects’ lipids can be extracted and converted into biodiesel through transesterification, while the remaining biomass, rich in proteins and other organic materials, can be anaerobically digested to produce biogas. This dual production pathway not only maximizes energy output but also generates valuable by-products, such as residual organic fertilizer. This review emphasizes the potential of insect-based biofuel conversion and its recent advances. The challenges in scaling up the process, and optimizing yields are critically evaluated. The environmental and technological parameters of the entire biofuel production process from insects are discussed in terms of their sustainability aspects.
Forfattere
Randi Berland FrøsethSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Adam Eindride Naas Trond Simensen Lasse Torben Keetz Ingrid Vesterdal Tjessem Anders Bryn Rune Halvorsen Peter Horvath Ida Marielle Mienna Olav Skarpaas Joachim Paul Töpper Vigdis Vandvik Liv Guri Velle Catharina Caspara VloonSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Marte Leane Bleken Klemetsdal Marie Jacobsen Endre Tvinnereim Vigdis Vandvik Liv Guri VelleSammendrag
Nedbygging av natur og andre arealendringer er den aller viktigste årsaken til tap av naturmangfold og naturverdier, både globalt og i Norge. I dette medborgernotatet ser vi nærmere på nordmenns holdninger til naturnedbygging, naturrestaurering, og omdisponering av arealer. Avveininger mellom ulike ønsker, interesser og behov står sentralt i arealpolitikken. Vi bruker derfor eksperimenter til å undersøke hvordan holdningene til nedbygging eller restaurering av natur påvirkes av ulike faktorer. Eksempler på disse faktorene er formålet for tiltaket, hvilke aktører som står bak, hvilke naturtyper som påvirkes, eller hvilke interesser eller aktører tiltaket vil ha konsekvenser for. Dette studiet viser at folk generelt uttrykker seg positivt til å ta vare på eller restaurere natur, også når det medfører ulemper for dem selv eller samfunnet. Folk er i stor grad positive til å finne andre alternativer fremfor utbygging i skog, myr, våtmarksområder og mer generelt “naturområder”. I tillegg er folk positive til fortetting, og de er villige til å akseptere ulemper for dem selv eller samfunnet, for eksempel i form av lengre reisevei, færre parkeringsplasser, eller færre hytter.
Forfattere
Habtamu AlemSammendrag
Dairy farming significantly contributes to global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, particularly methane (CH4). This study evaluates the performance of Norwegian dairy farms and the socio-economic factors influencing emissions over 30 years (1991-2020). We assessed dairy farm performance by evaluating both efficiency and environmental impact, with a particular focus on reducing methane emissions. This is crucial for achieving sustainable and resource-efficient farming within a circular economy framework. Methane emissions were calculated using the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Tier 2 methodology, incorporating country-specific data on dairy cattle diet and production. Utilizing a comprehensive panel dataset of 692 dairy farms, we employed a parametric model to analyze the intricate input-output relationships within dairy production. Our findings reveal an average eco-efficiency score of 0.95, suggesting a promising potential for a 5% reduction in resource use and CH4 emissions without compromising production levels. Socio-economic factors, such as land tenure, farm experience, and government subsidies, were found to exert a positive influence on both farm performance and GHG emissions. Conversely, higher debt-to-asset ratios were associated with lower performance. Our research underscores the necessity for policies that support improvements at the farm level, such as facilitating knowledge transfer among farmers and increasing access to subsidies for environmentally friendly technologies. Future research should delve into other environmental impacts, including nitrogen emissions and biodiversity, to establish a more comprehensive framework for sustainable agricultural practices. By identifying opportunities for reducing GHG emissions while maintaining productivity, this study offers valuable insights for policymakers and industry stakeholders seeking to enhance the sustainability of the dairy sector in Norway and beyond.
Sammendrag
Vi er nødt til å tenke nytt for å sikre at befolkningen i nord får mat på bordet i en krisesituasjon.
Forfattere
Anna Birgitte MilfordSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Alouette van Hove Kristoffer Aalstad Vibeke Lind Claudia Arndt Vincent Odongo Rodolfo Ceriani Francesco Fava John Hulth Norbert PirkSammendrag
Considerable uncertainties and unknowns remain in the regional mapping of methane sources, especially in the extensive agricultural areas of Africa. To address this issue, we developed an observing system that estimates methane emission rates by assimilating drone and flux tower observations into an atmospheric dispersion model. We used our novel Bayesian inference approach to estimate emissions from various ruminant livestock species in Kenya, including diverse herds of cattle, goats, and sheep, as well as camels, for which methane emission estimates are particularly sparse. Our Bayesian estimates aligned with Tier 2 emission values of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. In addition, we observed the hypothesized increase in methane emissions after feeding. Our findings suggest that the Bayesian inference method is more robust under non-stationary wind conditions compared to a conventional mass balance approach using drone observations. Furthermore, the Bayesian inference method performed better in quantifying emissions from weaker sources, estimating methane emission rates as low as 100 g h−1. We found a ± 50 % uncertainty in emission rate estimates for these weaker sources, such as sheep and goat herds, which reduced to ± 12 % for stronger sources, like cattle herds emitting 1000–1500 g h−1. Finally, we showed that radiance anomalies identified in hyperspectral satellite data can inform the planning of flight paths for targeted drone missions in areas where source locations are unknown, as these anomalies may serve as indicators of potential methane sources. These promising results demonstrate the efficacy of the Bayesian inference method for source term estimation. Future applications of drone-based Bayesian inference could extend to estimating methane emissions in Africa and other regions from various sources with complex spatiotemporal emission patterns, such as wetlands, landfills, and wastewater disposal sites. The Bayesian observing system could thereby contribute to the improvement of emission inventories and verification of other emission estimation methods.