Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2026
Sammendrag
Researchers have looked at how much soil is removed when turf is harvested – and what producers can do to reduce this loss.
Forfattere
Aline Roma Tomaz Rattan Lal William Ramos da Silva Thiago Inagaki Aline dos Santos Correia Felipe José Cury Fracetto Giselle Gomes Monteiro Fracetto Clever Briedis Débora Marcondes Bastos Pereira Milori Abelardo Antônio de Assunção Montenegro Ademir de Oliveira FerreiraSammendrag
In semiarid regions, soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks and soil organic matter (SOM) pools are often low due to limited biomass input and inadequate management. This study evaluated SOC stocks and SOM fractions in a forage cactus–sorghum intercropping system irrigated with treated sewage water under diverse mulch in the northeastern Brazilian semiarid. The experiment followed a randomized split-plot block design with four replicates. Main plots included four irrigation levels (0, 80, 100, and 120 % of sorghum evapotranspiration (ETc)), and split plots comprised two mulch treatments: no mulch (NM) and mulch (WM) with 8 Mg ha−1 of sabi grass, spiny burrgrass, and goosegrass. Soil samples were collected at 0–0.10, 0.10–0.20, and 0.20–0.40 m depths in three sorghum cuts to determine labile SOM fractions: hot water-extractable C (HWEO-C), potassium permanganate-oxidizable C (POX-C), and particulate organic C (POC). In addition, SOC stocks and humic substances (HS), including humin (HU), fulvic acid (FA), and humic acid (HA), were determined at the end of the experiment. Intercropping system productivity was also evaluated. The highest SOC, POC, POX-C, and HWEO-C stocks occurred in 80WM and 100WM treatments, especially in HS, with HU as the dominant component. SOC in the HU fraction exceeded that in native vegetation soils, with threefold increases at 0–0.10 m and six-to sevenfold increases in deeper layers. Soils without irrigation, regardless of mulch, exhibited lower C storage, underscoring the importance of water management. Combining reclaimed water irrigation and mulching enhanced SOC accumulation, particularly in stable humic fractions, boosted carbon sequestration and crop productivity, and fostered sustainable, climate-resilient agriculture in semiarid tropical regions.
Sammendrag
Abstract Background and Aims Efficient phosphorus (P) and management is essential for sustainable arable systems. Cover crops (CCs) are promising, but their performance is uncertain in high-latitudes. This three-year study evaluated CCs’ effects on P dynamics in a P-rich soil undersown in barley in Mid-Norway (63.9°N)—one of the northernmost trials of its kind. Methods A randomized complete block design included three CC treatments: ryegrass (CC1), a ryegrass–clover mix (CC2), and a four species mix including grass, legumes and herbs (CC3), and controls without CC (with/without NPK fertilizer). Soil and plant analyses included total and available P, total N, potentially mineralizable N (PMN), pH, permanganate-oxidizable carbon, root biomass, plant P concentrations, and microbial abundance via qPCR. Statistical analysis was based on Linear Mixed Models (LMMs). Results Cover crops successfully established (average biomass: 1525 kg ha⁻ 1 ), accumulated ~ 7 kg P ha⁻ 1 , and did not reduce barley yields. LMMs showed significant effects of CC treatment on root biomass, total P, and bacteria. Pairwise comparisons also revealed that fungal abundances in CC1 and CC3 were significantly higher than in the unfertilized control. Pairwise regression revealed that soil total P was strongly predicted by root biomass (β = 1.37, P < 0.001). Available P was negatively controlled by microbial pools (Bacteria: β = -9.22, P < 0.001) and residue quality (C:P ratio: β = -0.36, P < 0.001). Conclusions CCs can be used at 63°N without yield penalty. The primary P mechanism is mass-driven sequestration (root biomass) into the stable total P pool. However, P availability is temporally constrained by residue quality and microbial competition. Graphical Abstract
Sammendrag
Norge har over 3000 fotallbaner, derav 1780 kunstgressbaner. Denne studien presenterer en komparativ livsløpsanalyse (LCA) av naturgress- og kunstgressbaner for breddefotball i Norge, med fokus på klimagassutslipp over en levetid på 50 år. Analysen er basert på nasjonale retningslinjer for bygging og drift av naturgress (Naturgressboka) og kunstgress (Kunstgressboka). Den omfatter bygging, drift, utskifting av komponenter og karbonlagring i jord under naturgress, mens indirekte effekter på grunn av bygninger, belysning og transport av spillere og publikum er utelatt. Resultatene viser at de kumulative utslippene fra en naturgressbane utgjør om lag 107 tonn CO₂-ekvivalenter over 50 år (0,27 kg CO₂e m⁻² år⁻¹) etter at karbonlagring i jord er tatt hensyn til, mens utslippene fra en kunstgressbane når om lag 765 tonn CO₂-ekvivalenter (1,9 kg CO₂e m⁻² år⁻¹). Gjentatt utskifting av kunstgressdekket og innfyllet dominerer utslippene fra kunstgressystemet, mens gjødsling (inklusive produksjon av gjødsel) er den viktigste utslippskilden for naturgress. I lys av tidligere LCA-studier som har funnet at naturgressbaner har høyere karbonutslipp enn kunstgressbaner, viser våre funn hvor stor betydning valg av tidshorisont, land og kontekst (for eksempel kommunale baner versus profesjonelle fotballanlegg) har for sammenligninger av livsløpsutslipp fra naturgress og kunstgress.
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Gunhild Bødtker Claire Coutris Eva Marie-Louise Denison Barbara Alexandra Bukhvalova Åsa Frostegård Erik J. Joner Bjørn Tore Lunestad Kaare Magne Nielsen Pål Trosvik Siamak Pour Yazdankhah Elisabeth Henie MadslienSammendrag
There is an increasing global production and demand for biodegradable plastics. But there are still many uncertainties about how and to what extent these plastics degrade and their environmental impacts. To gain a better understanding of these aspects, the Scientific Committee for Food and Environment (VKM) has conducted a self-initiated scoping review of existing scientific literature on biodegradable plastics and their environmental impacts. VKM has specifically focused on studies that are relevant to Norwegian and Nordic conditions. The first literature search (June 2024) revealed 2428 international research studies, including primary studies and systematic and non-systematic review articles. The primary studies were divided into three categories: materials, microbiology and ecotoxicology, based on the main focus of the studies. From each category, a quarter of the primary studies and non-systematic review articles were randomly selected for full text analysis. A total of 168 articles were included in the final mapping. A new literature search (October 2025), with a focus on Nordic research and particularly Norwegian conditions, revealed 178 articles, of which 19 were subject to further analysis. The most studied types of biodegradable plastics were polylactic acid (PLA), polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) and polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBAT). Many of the studies focused on the degradation process of biodegradable mulch film used in agriculture, and how their use affects the environmental conditions in agricultural soils. Most studies reported incomplete degradation during the trial period, which underlines the concern for accumulation of plastic material with repeated use. Other studies simulated different pollution scenarios, such as lost fishing gear, an area that has received attention in recent Nordic studies. Ecotoxicological effects of biodegradable plastics were often only observed at concentrations far above those expected to occur in natural environments. There were indications that effects observed in soil and aquatic ecosystems could just as well be indirect, resulting from changes in physical and chemical properties of soil and water. In general, the effects of biodegradable plastics are comparable to those of conventional (micro)plastics in both terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. However, there were studies that suggest that biodegradable plastics are more toxic than conventional plastics under specific conditions, such as after UV exposure, or for certain test organisms. Testing the ecotoxicity of commercial biodegradable plastics was complicated by the lack of transparency about their chemical composition. Only a minority of studies investigated the ecotoxicity of chemical substances leaching from plastic materials, and the results reported were inconsistent. There is a lack of studies that combined degradation studies with toxicological effects. This knowledge gap has also been pointed out in systematic review articles. The review revealed several weaknesses in the existing research, related to study design, analytical methods, definitions and terminology. Current research practice provides many individual studies that are difficult to compare. Thus, they provide limited insight into how degradation and environmental impact occur over time, and in different environments. The review points to the need for strengthened and standardized research, so that the knowledge base becomes more robust and a better understanding of the environmental impact of plastics over time and in different environments can be gained.
Sammendrag
Hvert år legges det mellom 1.600 og 2.200 dekar ferdigplen i Norge. Hvor mye matjord går tapt i produksjonen?
Forfattere
Erik J. JonerSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Ove BergersenSammendrag
Rapporten gir oversikt over miljøanalyser for ORIGO Skibotn sitt deponi og komposteringsanlegg. Temperaturovervåking av kompostrankene fungerer når de har oppnådd hygieniseringstemperatur i 4 uker og sikrer kontrollen av de aktive rankene på fase 1 når de bør vendes og flyttes til fase 2. Analyser på blandprøve av ferdigsiktet kompost er analysert i 2025. Komposten blir benyttet inne på anlegget. Det blir fortsatt registrert dager med lukt, og nytt fra 2025 er ekstra registreringer i sentrum av Skibotn (Sone 1) som blir sammenstilt med Sone 3 i utkanten. En reduksjon av totalt antall dager med registrert lukt i Sone 3 fra 30 i 2024 til 24 dager i 2025 er observert. Sone 1 i sentrum av Skibotn har totalt 14 registreringer. Analyser av sigevann fra deponi og kompostaktiviteten samt vann fra sedimenteringsdam og grunnvann fra miljøbrønner er vurdert i 2025. Tidligere økning i konsentrasjoner, næringsstoffer og organisk materiale i sigevann fra deponi og kompostering renset i rensebasseng før 2 sedimenteringsdammer, viser en reduksjon i 2025. Vannanalyser etter infiltrasjon målt i grunnvann ved nærmeste miljøbrønn 3 viste fortsatt reduksjon i konsentrasjoner av både næringsstoffer og metaller. PFAS22 ble påvist i deponisigevannet (3,3 μg/l). Spor av fluororganiske forbindelser ble også observert i sedimenteringsdam og miljøbrønn 3, men i lavere konsentrasjoner (0,7 og < 0,4 μg/l). Analyser av overflatevann oppstrøms og nedstrøms anlegget viste ingen tegn til forurensning. Det er ikke synlige forurensinger (rustbrune jernutfellinger) ved elvebredden av grunnvann som strømmer ut i Skibotnelva.
Forfattere
Eirik Inge Mikkelsen Cornelya Klutsch Gunnar Sander Patrick Berg Sørdahl Ingrid Kvalvik Sigrid Engen Charlotte Teresa Weber Camilla Carlsten Mittenzwei Vito De LuciaSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag