Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2024
Sammendrag
The substitution of chemical nitrogen (N) fertilizer with organic fertilizer (organic substitution, OS) is increasingly applied in crop production, due to its environmentally friendly characteristics, low price, and high crop and soil improvement efficacies. Here, we studied the effects of chemical N fertilizer with organic fertilizer treatment at different proportions (no organic substitution (NOS), 20% (OS-20), 40% (OS-40), 60% (OS-60), 100% (OS-100), and 200% (OS-200, double the organic fertilizer application amount of OS-100) on the yield and quality of apples in the Shanxi Province of China. The results revealed that, compared to the NOS, the total apple yields of OS treatments, especially the OS-60 and OS-100 treatments, decreased. However, all OS treatments, except OS-200, increased the yield of large-sized fruits (transverse diameter ≥ 85 mm) and the mean mass of apple fruits, and significantly decreased yield of small-sized fruits (transverse diameter < 75 mm). All OS treatments, especially OS-40, promoted the total sugar and vitamin C (Vc) contents and fruit hardness of apples, and OS-40, OS-60, and OS-200 resulted in significantly decreased titratable acid contents in apples. The influence of organic substitutions on soil quality was further investigated in a two-year field experiment. The results showed that the influence of organic substitution on soil chemical properties differed between the two years. Notably, 40% OS increased the soil organic carbon (SOC) content and the C/N ratio in the upper 20 cm of the soil in both years. Additionally, OS treatments reduced the residual nitrate (NO3−)-N (RN) content in deep soil layers, suggesting that OS has the potential to alleviate N leaching. Moreover, redundancy analysis (RDA) of the soil, fruit yield, and fruit quality parameters revealed that the SOC content in the 0–20 cm soil layer and the RN content in the 0–100 cm soil layer had the greatest impact on the fruit quality and yield variables, respectively. This study showed that the proper substitution (40%) of chemical N fertilizer with organic fertilizer could improve the yield of large-sized fruits, the mean mass and fruit quality of apples, and soil chemical properties. Our study will provide a basis for rational organic substitution in apple orchards.
Sammendrag
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Sammendrag
Compared to fluctuating soil water (FW) conditions, stable soil water (SW) can increase plant water use efficiency (WUE) and improve crop growth and aboveground yield. It is unknown, however, how stable and fluctuating soil water affect root vegetables. Here, the effects of SW and FW were studied on cherry radish in a pot experiment, using negative pressure irrigation and conventional irrigation, respectively. The assessed effects included agronomic parameters, physiological indices, yield, quality and WUE of cherry radish. Results showed that under similarly average soil water contents, compared with FW, SW increased plant photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and transpiration rate, decreased leaf proline content by 13.7–73.3% and malondialdehyde content by 12.5–40.0%, and increased soluble sugars content by 6.3–22.1%. Cherry radish had greater biomass accumulation and nutrient uptake in SW than in FW. Indeed, SW increased radish output by 34.6–94.1% with no influence on root/shoot ratio or root quality. In conclusion, soil water stability affected directly the water physiological indicators of cherry radish and indirectly its agronomic attributes and nutrient uptake, which in turn influenced the crop biomass and yield, as well as WUE. This study provides a new perspective for improving agronomy of root crops and WUE through managing soil water stability.
Sammendrag
We studied the environmental control of shoot growth and floral initiation in annual shoot plants of four red currant cultivars under phytotron conditions. Under natural day length conditions at Ås, Norway (69°40’N), the cultivars ‘Junifer’, ‘Red Dutch’, and ‘Rosetta’ ceased growing and initiated irregular flower formation at 24 and 18°C in late August, indicating a critical photoperiod of approximately 15 h. At 12°C and under outdoor conditions, the processes were delayed by 3-6 weeks depending on the cultivar, indicating a critical photoperiod of approximately 14 h under Nordic field conditions. In 10-h short day (SD), the cultivars ‘Junifer’, ‘Red Dutch’ and ‘Rovada’ ceased growing within 2-3 weeks at 18 and 24°C and within 2-4 weeks at 12°C, followed by irregular floral initiation. However, in 20-h long day (LD), flower initiation was generally scarce, and with contrasting temperature responses among the cultivars, flower initiation was advanced by low temperature in ‘Red Dutch’ and by high temperature in ‘Rovada’ and ‘Junifer’. Flowering performance in the following spring confirmed these results, which demonstrate that red currants are quantitative SD plants with diverse temperature and photoperiod interactions.
Sammendrag
Background: Soil water and organic carbon (C) are key factors affecting the growth and development of apple seedlings. The objective of the study was to investigate the effects of different soil moisture and glucose supplies on apple seedling growth and soil enzyme activities. We hypothesized that the growth of apple seedlings was affected by soil water and C content through their effects on root structure, plant physiological properties and soil enzymatic activities. A pot experiment consisting of nine treatments was set up, including three water treatments with soil moisture contents at 75–85% (normal irrigation, CK), 65–75% (light water stress, LS), and 55–65% (mild water stress, MS) of the soil field capacity, in combination with three glucose treatments with carbon/nitrogen (C/N) ratio of 7.5 (C1, no adding glucose), 10 (C2) and 15 (C3), respectively. Results: Results showed that the LSC2 treatment significantly increased plant height by 7%, stem diameter by 5% and leaf area by 17%, as compared with LSC1. Also, LSC2 significantly increased root dry weight, root vitality and soil enzyme activities. Moreover, results of leaf photosynthetic, malondialdehyde (MDA), peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and proline contents also proved that adding glucose improved the drought resistance of plants. Conclusion: LSC2 treatment is more conducive to the growth of apple seedlings, and application of carbon has a good alleviation effect on plant water stress. The study demonstrated that addition of exogenous glucose alleviated light water deficiency, significantly affected root vitality, and promoted apple seedling growth. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Sammendrag
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Sammendrag
Gårdene med størst og mest ensrettet produksjon ble mest påvirket av pandemien. Mindre gårder med mer variert produksjon opplevde å ha «flere bein å stå på» og kjente mindre på de negative effektene.
Forfattere
Anne-Grete Buseth BlankenbergSammendrag
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Forfattere
Jorunn BørveSammendrag
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Forfattere
Line JohansenSammendrag
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