Anders Nielsen
Avdelingsleder/forskningssjef
(+47) 913 50 435
anders.nielsen@nibio.no
Sted
Ås - Bygg O43
Besøksadresse
Oluf Thesens vei 43, 1433 Ås (Varelevering: Elizabeth Stephansens vei 21)
Forfattere
Linn Vassvik Anders Nielsen Michael P. D. Garratt Bjørn Arild Hatteland Joseph Chipperfield Erik Trond AschehougSammendrag
Apples are dependent upon pollinators for the transfer of pollen between cultivars to ensure high quality fruit production. Agricultural intensification has reduced the availability of stable floral resources for wild bees, leading to widespread declines of important pollinators of apples. Managed honeybees are commonly used to supplement pollination services in apple orchards, but honeybees are less efficient pollinators compared to wild bees. We investigated whether increased flower abundance in the understory vegetation of apple orchards can increase pollinator activity to apple flowers. We compared bee visitation in five orchards in Eastern Norway: three unmowed orchards, and two mowed orchards. In unmowed orchards, dandelions ( Taraxacum spp.) dominated the understory vegetation. Bee observations were conducted on the understory vegetation and apple trees, via manual observations and time-lapse cameras. Wild bees preferentially visited apple flowers over dandelions, while honeybees did not differ in their visits to apple flowers and dandelion flowers. We also found that the abundance of dandelion flowers in the understory increased visits by wild bees to apple flowers. Taken together, this suggests that within orchard floral resources do not compete for pollinators but instead increase apple visitation and improve pollination success. Our results highlight the importance of managing apple orchards for wild bee populations and the potential short-term benefits of understory floral resources on apple production. Implications for insect conservation Our results show that understory vegetation should be left unmowed to increase pollination of apple flowers and provide pollinators with alternate floral resources before, during, and after apple flowering.
Sammendrag
Heftet du har for hand er ei oppfølging av Pollinatorstrategien, og her tek vi for oss pollinatorane i Norge, med eit spesielt fokus på biene. Her kan du mellom anna lese om korleis dei lever, kvifor dei er truga, kvar dei bygger reir og korleis du kan hjelpe dei. Vi har også laga ein forenkla identifiseringsnøkkel, med mål om å hjelpe å skilje biene frå andre pollinatorar, og å skilje dei ulike biegruppene etter kvar dei bygger reir.
Forfattere
S. Ellen Macdonald Anne C. S. McIntosh Selena Schut Samuel Bartels Seung-Il Lee Elvira Baisheva Jeff Battigelli Erin Bayne Yves Bergeron Mathieu Bouchard Brendan Casey Mats Dynesius I. Tanya Handa Joakim Hjältén Kristoffer Hylander Matti Koivula Jari Kouki Therese Löfroth Asko Lõhmus Anders Nielsen Sonya Odsen Manuela Panzacchi Jaime Pinzon Peter B. Reich Pavel Shirokikh Ekaterina Shorohova Ilkka Vanha-Majamaa Lisa Venier Tim Work Linhao WuSammendrag
Boreal forests are important reservoirs of biodiversity, carbon and timber stocks. However, timber harvest can alter biodiversity in these forests without clear evidence on the duration needed for biotic groups to recover. Resilience of boreal forest biodiversity to clear-cut harvest was examined with a meta-analysis of 190 datasets from boreal and hemi-boreal forests of Europe/Russia and North America for arthropods, birds, small mammals, lichens, bryophytes and vascular plants. We modelled similarity of community composition between harvested and unharvested stands versus years post harvest. In approximately half of cases, predicted times for recovery to pre-harvest composition were ≤30 years. In other cases, recovery took much longer or had not occurred within the timeframe of our data; for example, in conifer forest: >100 years (bryophytes), >55 years (small mammals), ~95 years (lichens) and ~85 years (vascular plants). Saproxylic beetles showed no resilience within the 16 (conifer forest) or 29 (mixed forest) years post harvest for which we had data. Recovery generally took longer in conifer and mixed than in broadleaf forests, which always showed either resistance (bryophytes, vascular plants) or resilience with recovery within 12–25 years. Conserving biodiversity in boreal forests will require extended rotations, management for ‘old forest’ structural elements and areas protected from harvesting.
Divisjon for miljø og naturressurser
CANALLS Agroecological practices for sustainable transition
Agroecology covers all activities and actors involved in food systems. It also places the well-being of people (producers and consumers of crops and products) at its core. The EU-funded CANALLS project will focus on the agroecological zones and diverse farming systems in the humid tropics of Central and Eastern Africa. It will explore the complex environmental, social and economic challenges, which in some cases are exacerbated by conflict and high vulnerability. Moreover, it will advance agroecological transitions in these regions through multi-actor transdisciplinary agroecology Living Labs at eight sites in four countries. The focus will be on crops such as cocoa, coffee and cassava, which are vital for subsistence and economic development.
Divisjon for matproduksjon og samfunn
WINGS - Pollinatorvennlige kulturlandskap: Løsninger for forvaltning av leveområder under press
Pollinatorene er truet. Dette får konsekvenser både for det biologiske mangfoldet og matsikkerheten vår. I WINGS skal vi utvikle løsninger for å etablere mer pollinatorvennlige kulturlandskap.