Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2025
Forfattere
Linn Fenna Groeneveld Oksana Bekkevold Trond Bergskås Martin Linkogel Cord Luellmann Marit AlmvikSammendrag
Regulatory bodies aim to protect consumers from harmful substances. The use of certain antibiotics is prohibited in food-producing animals in the EU due to their potential detrimental effects on humans. Among these are nitrofuran antibiotics, which degrade rapidly so that their metabolites are used as markers in screening for their illegal use. The use of one metabolite, semicarbazide (SEM), as a marker for detecting the antibiotic nitrofurazone, has been criticized due to the many pathways it can be formed by and its natural occurrence in some food items. A recent change in the reference point of action (RPA) for SEM, as stated in Commission Regulation (EU) 2019/1871, due to a reassessment of sensitivity of the analyses,poses a problem for the export of heather honey in Norway. Norwegian heather honey seems to exceed the lowered RPA in numerous cases. Here we show that Norwegian heather honey samples, but not polyfloral ‘summer’ honey samples from the same hives, contain SEM. The simplest explanation for the demonstrated pattern is a natural source of SEM in heather honey, not the use of a banned antibiotic. Based on our results, we propose that an exception to the EU regulation should be added, exempting heather honey derived from Calluna vulgaris unless other nitrofurans or their metabolites are found together with SEM.
Sammendrag
The precise spatially explicit data on land cover and land use changes is one of the essential variables for enhancing the quantification of greenhouse gas emissions and removals, which is relevant for meeting the goal of the European economy and society to become climate-neutral by 2050. The accuracy of the machine learning models trained on remote-sensed data suffers from a lack of reliable training datasets and they are often site-specific. Therefore, in this study, we proposed a method that integrates the bi-temporal analysis of the combination of spectral indices that detects the potential changes, which then serve as reference data for the Random Forest classifier. In addition, we examined the transferability of the pre-trained model over time, which is an important aspect from the operational point of view and may significantly reduce the time required for the preparation of reliable and accurate training data. Two types of vegetation losses were identified: woody coverage converted to non-woody vegetation, and vegetated areas converted to sealed surfaces or bare soil. The vegetation losses were detected annually over the period 2018–2021 with an overall accuracy (OA) above 0.97 and a Kappa coefficient of 0.95 for all time intervals in the study regions in Poland and Norway. Additionally, the pre-trained model’s temporal transferability revealed an improvement of the OA by 5 percentage points and the macroF1-Score value by 12 percentage points compared to the original model.
Forfattere
Jorunn Børve Marcel Wenneker Juliana Perminow May Bente Brurberg Khanh Pham Arne StensvandSammendrag
Bacterial canker caused by Pseudomonas syringae is an important disease on stone fruit trees. The development of infections after artificial inoculation of sweet cherry and plum trees in the nursery phase was examined. Furthermore, sweet cherry trees were observed in a nursery and for up to four years after planting in commercial sweet cherry orchards. If inoculated at the time of grafting, this caused near 100% death of the scions. Following inoculation of defeathering wounds, a mean of 52 and 61% of inoculation sites developed bacterial canker on sweet cherry and plum, respectively. Of non-inoculated nursery trees observed as healthy in the autumn, between 20 and 80% had developed visible bacterial cankers after a period of cold storage. In the planting year, a mean of 21% of the trees developed bacterial canker in seven commercial orchards included in the investigation, and by 2–4 years after planting 40% of the trees had symptoms of the disease. All sweet cherry cultivars and rootstocks developed bacterial canker in the commercial orchards. Cultivar Giorgia had the most severe symptoms. Up to 60% replacement of trees within two years after planting was experienced in the orchards.
Sammendrag
I denne artikkelen presenteres resultater fra forsøk gjennomført i 2023 og 2024 med dyrking av løk fra planteløk. Det ble testet totalt 13 ulike sorter av ulike typer løk (gul, hvit, rosa, søt og salat). Målet med forsøkene var å finne ut om det er potensiale for kommersiell dyrking av planteløk under norske klimaforhold. I tillegg ble det sett på lagringskvalitet og ulike innholdsstoffer i løken.
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Introduction: The discovery of the methane-mitigating effect of the red seaweed Asparagopsis taxiformis has triggered a search for other seaweed species with similar effects. Brown seaweeds constitute the largest production volume of seaweeds in Europe. Some brown algae are known to inhibit methanogens and could potentially reduce enteric methane emissions. Use of by-products generated from industrial processing of plants are typically inedible for human consumption but well known as ruminant feeds. As fractions from Laminaria hyperborea showed significant reductions in methane emissions in vitro, a L. hyperborea by-product was chosen for an in vivo trial with sheep. The aim was to investigate the effect of L. hyperborea by-product inclusion in the diet of growing lambs on dry matter intake, methane emissions, growth rate and nitrogen digestibility. Methods: Twenty-four Norwegian White Sheep lambs (12 ewe and 12 male lambs, 4 months; 36.8 kg live weight) were fed a Control diet (grass silage and control concentrate) or an Algae diet (grass silage and algae concentrate 2% inclusion rate). Lambs were fed a basic diet (grass silage and neutral concentrate) and, in staggered order, introduced to their respective diets for five weeks before entering one of six open circuit respiration chambers. Methane production was measured for three consecutive days. All lambs entered the chambers three time (Periods 1, 2 and 3). Feed intake was measured four consecutive days a week, and live weight (kg) was measured every two weeks. Twelve male lambs were used to investigate in vivo nitrogen digestibility using metabolism crates. Results: The inclusion rate of L. hyperborea by-product was above the target and ended at 2.5% of DM. There was an increase in feed intake and live weight over the experimental period, consistent with the growth of the lambs. Methane production, yield, or intensity was not affected by diet, overall, but the Algae diet reduced methane in Period 1. Male lambs produced more methane than female lambs. Algae inclusion affected live weight negatively. Discusssion: It is concluded that use of L. hyperborea by-products as a feed additive to sheep needs further investigation due to inconclusive results in the present study.
Sammendrag
The spatio-temporal heterogeneity of in-ground wood decay risk is important to service life planning of timber components. To achieve a desired service life in years related to a component’s expected performance, means accurately matching the durability characteristics of the wooden material to the exposure location. In this context, the integration of service life planning of timber with remote-sensing data services shows promise. Soil moisture and temperature data from the ERA5-Land repository were extracted for Europe over a 9 × 9 km point grid, between January 1993 and December 2022. The data were then appropriately scaled and used as input to an in-ground wood decay dose–response model. The resulting hazard map plotted dose to indicate annual in-ground wood decay risk, as a function of exposure to daily soil temperature and soil moisture conditions. Regions with low decay risk reflected temperature-limiting, oxygen-limiting or moisture-limiting soil conditions, all of which are unsuitable for fungal decay processes. Temporal investigations of the processed data revealed fungal growth windows influenced by seasonality. By better understanding the effects and occurrences of these unfavourable fungal decay conditions, the underlying dose–response model can be refined to deliver more accurate predictions of service life for in-ground wooden components.
Forfattere
Isabell EischeidSammendrag
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