Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2022
Sammendrag
Motorsport is known for its high tire wear due to speed, cornering, and high acceleration/deceleration activities. However, studies on the generation of microplastics from racetracks are rare. This study aimed at quantifying microplastics concentrations in topsoil (0–5 cm) along a racetrack. The results showed that rubber materials (RM) and tire reinforcement microplastics (TRMP) were deposited in the soil along the racetrack. Concentrations of the two microplastics were affected by the distance from the edge of the racetrack (highest concentrations within 20 cm from the track) and track alignment (highest concentrations at the start/finish area). In addition, a weak correlation was observed between the concentrations of the two microplastics, suggesting the effect of track alignment on the type of microplastics abraded. The results also showed that coarser microplastics (1000–5000 μm) dominate the size distribution of microplastics along a racetrack. The findings of this study may provide racetrack managers with basic information for designing microplastic-controlling solutions. While additional studies are required to map environmental effects and policy measures, our initial results suggest that motorsport is of concern in terms of microplastics release to the environment.
Sammendrag
Kelp forests in the North Atlantic are at risk of decline at their warm temperature distribution margins due to anthropogenic temperature rise and more frequent marine heat waves. To investigate the thermal adaptation of the cold-temperate kelp Laminaria digitata, we sampled six populations, from the Arctic to Brittany (Spitsbergen, Tromsø, Bodø [all Norway], Helgoland [Germany], Roscoff and Quiberon [both France]), across the species’ entire distribution range, spanning 31.5° latitude and 12-13°C difference in mean summer sea surface temperature. We used pooled vegetative gametophytes derived from several sporophytes to approximate the genetic diversity of each location. Gametophytes were exposed to (sub-) lethal high (20-25°C) and (sub-) optimal low (0-15°C) temperature gradients in two full-factorial, common-garden experiments, subjecting subsets of populations from different origins to the same conditions. We assessed survival of gametophytes, their ability to develop microscopic sporophytes, and subsequent growth. We hypothesized that the thermal performance of gametophytes and microscopic sporophytes corresponds to their local long-term thermal history. Integrated gametophyte survival revealed a uniform upper survival temperature (UST) of 24°C among five tested populations (Tromsø to Quiberon). In contrast, following two weeks of thermal priming of gametophytes at 20-22°C, sporophyte formation at 15°C was significantly higher in southern populations (Quiberon and Roscoff) compared to the high-latitude population of Tromsø. Between 0-15°C, survival of the Arctic population (Spitsbergen) was negatively correlated with increasing temperatures, while the southern-most population (Quiberon) showed the opposite. Thus, responses of survival at low, and sporophyte formation at high temperatures, support the concept of local adaption. On the other hand, sporophyte formation between 0-15°C peaked at 6-9°C in the Quiberon and at 9-12°C in the Spitsbergen population. Sporophyte growth rates (GR) both in length and width were similar for Spitsbergen, Tromsø and Quiberon; all had maximum GRs at 12-15°C and low GRs at 0-6°C. Therefore, responses of sporophyte formation and growth at low temperatures do not reflect ecotypic adaptation. We conclude that L. digitata populations display trait-dependent adaptation, partly corresponding to their local temperature histories and partly manifesting uniform or unpredictable responses. This suggests differential selection pressures on the ontogenetic development of kelps such as L. digitata.
Forfattere
Belachew Asalf TadesseSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Anette SundbyeSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Erik J. JonerSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
Rovebekken drenerer mye av Sandefjord lufthavn. Det ble påvist lave konsentrasjoner av glykol i to ukeblandprøver fra Rovebekken i 2021, hhv. 0,9 og 1,1 mg PG/l. For de 35 andre ukeblandprøvene ble det ikke påvist glykol. Det ble ikke påvist formiat i noen prøver fra Rovebekken. Ved fiskeundersøkelsen i juli 2021 ble det registrert en høy tetthet av årsyngel (163 fisk/100 m2) på den øvre stasjonen (R 3-4), rett nedstrøms flyplassen. Oppsummert viste overvåkingen gjennom 2021 tilfredsstillende vannkvalitet i Rovebekken, med god oksygenstatus og få påvisninger av glykol. Resultatene viser at kravene i utslippstillatelsen har blitt overholdt.
Forfattere
Ove BergersenSammendrag
Rapporten gir oversikt over analyser og kunnskap produsert, mottatt og vurdert i 2021. Data for luktregistreringer, sigevannsbehandling og grunnvann fra miljøbrønner i 2021 er vurdert sammen med tidligere data. Nye system for temperaturmålinger av rankene når de er blitt termofile (over 55 °C) i 4 uker er blitt automatisert og sikrer hygienisering av aktive rankene på fase 1 gjennom 2021, også med ekstra vending. Analyser av evt. patogene mikroorganismer ble ikke utført i 2021 på kompostbatcher etter fase 2, men i kun av ferdig kompost. En økning gjennom 2021 i registrering av antall dager med sterk lukt er observert. Registreringstall av lukt i nærmiljøet ble totalt 25 episoder i 2021, av dem 44 i sentrum av Skibotn. I 2020 var antallet 18 og 5 i sentrum. En økning i konsentrasjoner fra rensedam og sedimenteringsdam av sigevann analysert i 2021 ble observert på næringsstoffer og organisk materiale. Vannanalyser gjennom 2021 av infiltrert sigevann fra nærmeste miljøbrønn 3 viste fortsatt ingen økning i konsentrasjoner av både næringsstoffer og metaller. Det er ikke synlige forurensinger (rustbrune jernutfellinger) ved elvebredden av grunnvann som strømmer ut i Skibotnelva.
Forfattere
Simo Maduna Adam Vivian-Smith Ólöf Dóra Bartels Jónsdóttir Albert Imsland Cornelya Klutsch Tommi Nyman Hans Geir Eiken Snorre HagenSammendrag
We determined the mitogenome of Cyclopterus lumpus using a hybrid sequencing approach, and another four closely related species in the Liparidae based on available next-generation sequence data. We found that the mitogenome of C. lumpus was 17,266 bp in length, where the length and organisation were comparable to those reported for cottoids. However, we found a GC-homopolymer region in the intergenic space between tRNALeu2 and ND1 in liparids and cyclopterids. Phylogenetic reconstruction confirmed the monophyly of infraorders and firmly supported a sister-group relationship between Cyclopteridae and Liparidae. Purifying selection was the predominant force in the evolution of cottoid mitogenomes. There was significant evidence of relaxed selective pressures along the lineage of deep-sea fish, while selection was intensified in the freshwater lineage. Overall, our analysis provides a necessary expansion in the availability of mitogenomic sequences and sheds light on mitogenomic adaptation in Cottoidei fish inhabiting different aquatic environments.
Forfattere
Roger HoltenSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Daniel Patel Mattia Natali Endre Mølster Lidal Julius Parulek Emilio Vital Brazil Ivan ViolaSammendrag
The process of creating terrain and landscape models is important in a variety of computer graphics and visualization applications, from films and computer games, via flight simulators and landscape planning, to scientific visualization and subsurface modelling. Interestingly, the modelling techniques used in this large range of application areas have started to merge in the last years. This chapter is a report where we present two taxonomies of different modelling methods. Firstly we present a data oriented taxonomy, where we divide modelling into three different scenarios: the data-free, the sparse-data and the dense-data scenario. Then we present a workflow oriented taxonomy, where we divide modelling into the separate stages necessary for creating a geological model. We start the report by showing that the new trends in geological modelling are approaching the modelling methods that have been developed in computer graphics. We then introduce the process of geological modelling followed by our two taxonomies with descriptions and comparisons of selected methods. Finally, we discuss the challenges and trends in geological modelling.