Anne Muola
Forsker
Forfattere
Charlotte Møller Pieter De Frenne J. Mason Heberling Jesse Bellemare Jörg Brunet Hans Henrik Bruun Jacques Cayouette Guillaume Decocq Martin Diekmann Božo Frajman Jenny Hagenblad Per‐Ola Hedwall Bonnie L. Isaac Aino Kalske Jonathan Lenoir Jaan Liira Martí March‐Salas Anne Muola Anna Orczewska Federico Selvi Brandon Wheeler Marcel Sieck Hagen von Klopotek J. F. ScheepensSammendrag
Aim Widespread species encounter a range of variable climates that can lead to intraspecific trait clines. Such clines can be the result of phenotypic plasticity, genetic differences, or both. Although latitude often explains a large part of trait variation, it is crucial to investigate the underlying environmental variables to understand current and future trait responses. Cross‐continental comparisons of species that are native on multiple continents provide a rarely used approach that can help identify the environmental drivers of intraspecific trait clines. Location Europe and North America. Time Period 2021–2023. Major Taxa Studied Milium effusum L. (Poaceae). Methods To quantify the influence of environmental gradients on functional traits across geographical regions that vary in climate, we sampled M. effusum seeds from 23 European and 14 North American populations and transplanted them in a common garden. We measured 10 vegetative, reproductive, and phenological traits. We used 30‐year averages of 19 bioclimatic variables, while accounting for the latitudinal and elevational position of the population origins, to compare the trait‐environment relationships between continents. Results Our results showed that European populations occupy a broader climatic range than North American populations. Differences between continents were found in most of the traits as well as in the multivariate trait space. The traits were affected more by bioclimatic variables than by latitude or elevation. While flowering, leaf thickness, specific leaf area, and reproductive height showed parallel clines to the environment between continents, vegetative height and biomass showed contrasting clines. Main Conclusions Environmental influences from population origins revealed parallel clines between the continents for functional traits, suggesting shared selective pressures, while contrasting clines for plant size indicated different evolutionary trajectories, potential bottlenecks, or interactions with unknown ecological factors. This study highlights the complex interplay of genetic, environmental, and evolutionary factors in shaping phenotypic variation in native species across continents.
Sammendrag
Plant genotypes can vary in multiple functional traits due to adaptation to heterogenous environments. However, whether such variation can extrapolate to effects on soils and further on performance of subsequent plants, thus generating a genotypic variation in soil legacy, remains unclear. In this study, we studied how plant genotypic variation impacts soil legacy when exposed to aboveground insect herbivores. We used 11 wild genotypes of woodland strawberry (Fragaria vesca L.) experimentally exposed to leaf beetles (Galerucella tenella) to condition live soil. We then replaced the conditioning plants with naïve plants to examine soil legacy effects on growth and resistance on the subsequent plant genotype (referred to as the focal genotype) against the generalist herbivore Spodoptera littoralis. This allowed us to test the extent to which plant genotypic variation in soil legacy is altered by aboveground herbivory. We found an overall positive soil legacy effect of woodland strawberry, indicated by 69.9% higher belowground biomass of the subsequent focal genotype grown in conditioned soil compared to in unconditioned soil. We also observed a genotype-dependent soil legacy effect on performance of S. littoralis indicated as relative growth rates reduced by 37.9% on the subsequent focal genotype in soil conditioned by the focal genotype itself compared to by other genotypes, though the legacy effect was cancelled out when conditioning genotypes were exposed to G. tenella herbivory. A genotypic variation was further detected in soil legacy on the efficiency of conversion of ingested food by S. littoralis caterpillars feeding on the focal genotype. However, the genotypic variation was only present when the focal genotype was excluded from the conditioning genotypes at the exposure of G. tenella herbivory. Collectively, our study shows a conditional plant genotype-dependent soil legacy effect on herbivore resistance (measured as herbivore performance) rather than on plant growth, and the magnitude of the legacy effects depends on both the identity of the conditioning genotypes and the measures of the herbivore resistance. The findings of this study provide new insights into how plant genotypes or herbivory affects soil feedback on plant growth and herbivore resistance.
Forfattere
Marie Vestergaard Henriksen Annette Bär Ulrike Bayr Magda Karlo Bjørn Arild Hatteland Anne Muola Line Johansen Steffen Adler Emilie Risdal Danielsen Therese Birkeland Fossøy Gunda ThömingSammendrag
Et bærekraftig jordbruk må bevare naturens evne til å levere økosystemtjenester. Samtidig har en rekke studier dokumentert en global nedgang i insektbestander, noe som truer viktige økosystemtjenester som insektpollinering og biologisk kontroll av skadedyr med naturlige fiender. I Norge er det insekter som bier, fluer, marihøner, gulløyer og snyltevepser som bidrar med disse økosystemtjenestene. Det nye rammeverket Integrert plante- og pollinatorvern (IPPV) har som målsetting å samordne tiltak som styrker både biologisk kontroll av skadedyr med naturlige fiender og insektpollinering i matproduksjonen. I IPPV iverksettes det forebyggende tiltak som over tid øker mangfoldet av ressurser for ulike typer av insekter i kulturlandskapet med mål om å gi en mer stabil levering av økosystemtjenester til produksjonen i åkeren. I denne rapporten vurderer vi relevansen av IPPV rammeverket for norske matproduksjonssystemer og undersøker hvordan eksisterende tiltak og kartlag kan utnyttes i implementeringen av IPPV i norsk jordbruksforvaltning. Vi gir noen anbefalinger til hvordan rammeverket og konkrete tiltak kan iverksettes i norsk jordbruk. Den helhetlige tilnærmingen IPPV har for å sikre økosystemer og arter er viktig for jordbrukets bærekraft og matsikkerheten.
Divisjon for bioteknologi og plantehelse
Utvikling av nye tegetiltak på tvers av kultur: Teger-på-tvers
Divisjon for bioteknologi og plantehelse
Strategies and methods to manage major pests and diseases of onion (‘QualityOnion’)
Onion fly and Fusarium basal rot represent major threats for sustainable Norwegian onion production. There are substantial gaps in our knowledge regarding these pests such as which Fusarium species infect onions in Norway, what are the main sources of Fusarium inoculum, and how onion fly prevalence is changing through the growing season.