Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2025
Forfattere
Carmen Rizzo Gabriella Caruso Giovanna Maimone Luisa Patrolecco Marco Termine Marco Bertolino Stefania Giannarelli Alessandro Ciro Rappazzo Josef Elster Alessio Lena Maria Papale Tanita Pescatore Jasmin Rauseo Rosamaria Soldano Francesca Spataro Paul Eric Aspholm Maurizio Azzaro Angelina Lo GiudiceSammendrag
Despite the ecosystem functions offered by sponges in freshwater habitats, fragmentary studies have targeted their microbiome and the bioaccumulation of legacy and emerging organic micropollutants, making it difficult to test hypotheses about sponge-microbe specificity and response to environmental factors and stressors. The sponge species Ephydatia muelleri and Spongilla lacustris, coexisting in two sites of the Pasvik River (northern Fennoscandia), were analyzed for persistent organic pollutant (POPs) and chemicals of emerging concern (CECs), along with quali-quantitative microbiological features. River water and sediment were similarly treated to establish if the obtained data were site- or sponge-specific. CECs mainly occurred in abiotic matrices, with trimethoprim and ciprofloxacin prevailing in water and sediment, respectively. Only ciprofloxacin and diclofenac were detected in sponges, with higher concentrations generally determined in S. lacustris than E. muelleri. Overall, POP concentrations were in the order polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons > chlorobenzenes > polychlorobiphenyls > polychloronaphthalenes, with higher values in sponges with respect to abiotic matrices. Generally, POPs occurred at higher concentrations in S. lacustris than E. muelleri. Enzyme activity measurements displayed diverse trends across samples and sites, with E. muelleri displaying higher glycolytic activity than S. lacustris. Prokaryotic abundance in sponges generally exceeded that found in abiotic matrices. Proteobacteria, Planctomycetota, Actinobacteriota, Verrucomicrobiota, and Cyanobacteria predominated in sponge samples, with slight differences between sponge species and sampling sites, whereas Desulfobacterota and Acidobacterota were retrieved mostly in sediment samples. The sponge-associated bacterial communities appeared to be differently affected by pollutant concentration at the site level. Overall, this study highlights the ecological role of freshwater sponges, shedding light on their microbial associations, pollutant bioaccumulation, and potential as bioindicators of aquatic ecosystem health. The findings emphasize the importance of considering both microbial diversity and contaminant accumulation for a holistic understanding of the roles played by freshwater sponges in human-impacted environments.
Sammendrag
1. The results of nature restoration efforts have been characterized as notoriously unpredictable. Many variables impact the trajectory of species communities towards recovery, and ecological theory that takes traits, habitat configuration and scale into account, can improve models. However, the most important questions regarding the predictability of species community restoration may be related to stochasticity. 2. We investigated the assembly of a cyanolichen community in a chronosequence consisting of 88 new forest patches (30–140+ years old) comprising today 0.4% of a 170 km2 former treeless heathland area in south-western Norway. Two complete inventories were carried out 12 years apart, and we (1) tested inferences on colonization status and recovery time based on the first inventory only; (2) investigated the recovery of the lichen community by changes in species richness, species density and composition at three different spatial scales; and (3) discussed how dispersal capacity and stochasticity affect community recovery in general. 3. Colonization of sites by lichen species exceeded extinctions in young sites but not in old sites, and in the second inventory, the richness of species weighed by occurrences no longer differed significantly between young and old sites at landscape scale. However, the differences between old and young sites depended on the spatial scale and method of measurement. 4. In accordance with inferences based only on the first inventory, colonization and extinction dynamics indicated that recovery of species richness in our study system will take 90–120 years at the landscape scale, whereas recovery of species composition was difficult to determine due to idiosyncratic development among sites. 5. Synthesis and applications. Using species composition as a template for the evaluation of restoration recovery in systems with a high degree of stochastic colonization and extinction is problematic, particularly at finer scales. Ideally, comparisons of restoration and reference communities should therefore be at large enough spatial scale to cancel out the major effects of stochasticity at finer scales. Furthermore, we suggest that a complete recovery of species numbers may not be needed as an indicator of restoration success if species richness measurements indicate that communities are en route to recovery.
Sammendrag
Large‐scale re‐/afforestation projects afford sizable atmospheric CO2 removals yet questionsloom surrounding their potentially offsetting biogeophysical radiative forcings. Forest area change alters notonly the surface albedo but also heat, moisture, and momentum fluxes, which in turn modify the atmosphere'sradiative, thermodynamical, and dynamical properties. These so‐called radiative forcing “adjustments” havebeen little examined in re‐/afforestation contexts, and many questions remain surrounding their relevance inrelation to the instantaneous forcing from the surface albedo change—and whether they can affect Earth'sradiative energy balance in regions remote from where the re‐/afforestation occurs. Here, we quantifiedbiogeophysical radiative forcings and adjustments from realistically scaled re‐/afforestation in Europe at highspatial resolution and found that adjustments with high signal‐to‐noise were largely confined to only a fewmonths and to the region of re‐/afforestation. Adjustments were dominated by perturbed low‐level clouds andrarely exceeded ±25% of the annual albedo change forcing.
Forfattere
Sonja G. Keel Alice Budai Lars Elsgaard Brieuc Hardy Florent Levavasseur Liang Zhi Claudio Mondini César Plaza Jens LeifeldSammendrag
The potential for soil carbon (C) sequestration strongly depends on the availability of plant biomass inputs, making its efficient use critical for designing net zero strategies. Here, we compared different biomass processing pathways and quantified the long-term effect of the resulting exogenous organic materials (EOMs) to that of direct plant residue input on soil organic carbon (SOC) storage. We estimated C losses during feed digestion of plant material, storage of manure, composting and anaerobic digestion of plant material and manure, and pyrolysis of plant material, using values reported in the literature. We then applied an extended version of the widely used SOC model RothC with newly developed parameters to quantify the SOC storage efficiency, that is, accounting for both processing losses off-site and decomposition losses of the different EOMs in the soil. Based on simulations for a 39-year long cropland trial in Switzerland, we found that the SOC storage efficiency is higher for plant material directly added to the soil (16%) compared to digestate and manure (3% and 5%, respectively). For compost, the effect was less clear (2% ̶ 18%; mean: 10%) due to a high uncertainty in C-losses during composting. In the case of biochar, 43% of the initial plant C remained in the soil, due to its high intrinsic stability despite C-losses of 54% during pyrolysis. To provide robust recommendations for optimal biomass use, it is essential to consider additional factors such as nutrient availability of EOMs, environmental impacts of soil application, and life cycle assessments for the entire production processes.
Forfattere
Lucía D. Moreyra Alfonso Susanna Juan Antonio Calleja Jennifer R. Ackerfield Turan Arabacı Carme Blanco-Gavaldà Christian Brochmann Tuncay Dirmenci Kazumi Fujikawa Mercè Galbany-Casals Tiangang Gao Abel Gizaw Seid Iraj Mehregan Roser Vilatersana Juan Viruel Bayram Yıldız Frederik Leliaert Alexey P. Seregin Cristina RoquetSammendrag
Widely distributed plant genera offer insights into biogeographic processes and biodiversity. The Carduus-Cirsium group, with over 600 species in eight genera, is diverse across the Holarctic regions, especially in the Mediterranean Basin, Southwest Asia, Japan, and North America. Despite this diversity, evolutionary and biogeographic processes within the group, particularly for the genus Cirsium, remain underexplored. This study examines the biogeographic history and diversification of the group, focusing on Cirsium, using the largest molecular dataset for the group (299 plants from 251 taxa). Phylogenomic analyses based on 350 nuclear loci, derived from target capture sequencing, revealed highly resolved and consistent phylogenetic trees, with some incongruences likely due to hybridization and incomplete lineage sorting. Ancestral range estimations suggest that the Carduus-Cirsium group originated during the Late Miocene in the Western Palearctic, particularly in the Mediterranean, Eastern Europe, or Southwest Asia. A key dispersal event to tropical eastern Africa around 10.7 million years ago led to the genera Afrocarduus and Afrocirsium, which later diversified in the Afromontane region. The two subgenera of Cirsium—Lophiolepis and Cirsium—began diversifying around 7.2–7.3 million years ago in the Western Palearctic. During the Early Pliocene, diversification rates increased, with both subgenera dispersing to Southwest Asia, where extensive in situ diversification occurred. Rapid radiations in North America and Japan during the Pleistocene were triggered by jump-dispersals events from Asia, likely driven by geographic isolation and ecological specialization. This added further layers of complexity to the already challenging taxonomic classification of Cirsium.Keywords: Biogeography; Carduinae; Cirsium; Diversification; North Hemisphere; Target-enrichment; Taxonomy.
Forfattere
Morten Rese Gijs van Erven Romy J. Veersma Gry Alfredsen Vincent Eijsink Mirjam A. Kabel Tina Rise TuvengSammendrag
Wood-degrading brown-rot fungi primarily target carbohydrates, leaving the lignin modified and potentially valuable for valorization. Here, we report a comprehensive comparison of how Gloeophyllum trabeum in vitro degrades hardwood and softwood, which have fundamentally different lignin structures. By harnessing the latest advancements in analytical methodologies, we show that G. trabeum removes more lignin from wood (up to 36%) than previously reported. The brown-rot decayed lignin appeared substantially Cα-oxidized, O-demethylated, with a reduction in interunit linkages, leading to formation of substructures indicative of Cα-Cβ, β-O, and O-4 cleavage. Our work shows that the G. trabeum conversion of hardwood and softwood lignin results in similar modifications, despite the structural differences. Furthermore, lignin modification by G. trabeum enhances the antioxidant capacity of the lignin and generates an extractable lower molecular weight fraction. These findings improve our understanding of lignin conversion by brown-rot fungi and highlight their biotechnological potential for the development of lignin-based products.
Forfattere
David Chludil Jaroslav Čepl Arne Steffenrem Jan Stejskal Christi Sagariya Torsten Pook Silvio Schueler Jiří Korecký Curt Almqvist Debojyoti Chakraborty Mats Berlin Milan LstibůrekSammendrag
Climate change poses an unprecedented threat to forest ecosystems, necessitating innovative adaptation strategies. Traditional assisted migration approaches, while promising, face challenges related to environmental constraints, forestry practices, phytosanitary risks, economic barriers, and legal constraints. This has sparked debate within the scientific community, with some advocating for the broader implementation of assisted migration despite these limitations, while others emphasize the importance of local adaptation, which may not keep pace with the rapid rate of climate change. This opinion paper proposes a novel pollen-based assisted migration strategy as a potential middle ground in this debate. By leveraging existing seed orchard infrastructure for controlled pollen transfer, this approach aims to enhance forest resilience through the introduction of genetic material from climatically suitable sources while acknowledging local adaptation. We assess the genetic implications of the proposed strategy through computer simulation. Additionally, we examine the ecological implications of assisted gene flow, discussing the potential benefits of heterosis and the risks of outbreeding depression in intra-specific hybrid populations. We further explore the advantages of pollen-based migration in mitigating phytosanitary risks, reducing economic barriers, and simplifying legal considerations compared to traditional seed or seedling transfer methods. Regional perspectives on adapting pollen-based assisted migration are provided, with specific examples from Northern and Central Europe. We highlight how this approach could be integrated into existing forestry practices and regulatory frameworks within the European Union. We conclude by advocating for the inclusion of pollen-based assisted migration in future international projects and operational forestry, emphasizing the need for adaptable policies that can support innovative forest management strategies in the face of climate change.
Forfattere
Szymon Rusinowski Jacek Krzyżak Krzysztof Sitko Alicja Szada-Borzyszkowska Jacek Borgulat Paulina Janota Radosław Stec Hans Martin Hanslin Marta PogrzebaSammendrag
Green roofs and walls offer many benefits, not only in terms of the ecosystem services, but also in terms of improving building performance. The growing medium is the most important component of green roofs and walls. It should ensure stable plant growth with minimal maintenance and the proper choice is crucial for the survival and performance of the vegetation. In the study, we investigated how the source and supply of nutrients affects plant performance in a designed substrate for green walls and roofs. Topsoil from the site of plant origin mixed with sand and compost supplemented with mineral fertilizer was used to study the growth of Trifolium medium L. and Potentilla reptans L., element contents, oxidative stress level and photosynthetic efficiency. P. reptans was in most cases insensitive to mineral fertilization, but an adequate dose of compost improved its growth. T. medium was very sensitive to excessive mineral fertilization, which significantly impaired the growth and physiological status of the plants. Compost as the sole source of additional nutrients in a topsoil-based substrate seems to be the appropriate choice when legumes are used in a green wall or green roof. From the results obtained, we can conclude that calcareous grassland species can be successfully used in designing of green urban infrastructure.
Forfattere
Trygve S. Aamlid Elin Blütecher Ellen Johanne Svalheim Annette Bär Marie Vestergaard Henriksen Ievina Sturite Nils Ragnar S. Skjørholm Elise Krey Pedersen John Ingar Øverland Kari Bysveen Astrid GissingerSammendrag
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