Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2026
Forfattere
Dafni Foti Stephen Amiandamhen Eleni Voulgaridou Elias Voulgaridis Costas Passialis Stergios AdamopoulosSammendrag
This study investigated the incorporation of various waste materials including wastepaper, Tetra Pak, wood chips and scrap tire fluff into flue gas desulfurization (FGD) gypsum and cement mortar matrices to produce sustainable composite materials. Four distinct composite types based on the waste materials were developed and evaluated for selected properties including thermal and acoustic insulation. The proportion of the waste materials was varied between 10 and 40 vol% of the base matrix. The compressive strength of the filled gypsum composites was in the range of 4.17–10.39 N/mm² while the pure gypsum was 11.38 N/mm². The addition of the wastes in gypsum composites reduced compressive strength by about 10% for the best recipe and as large as 60% for the worst combination. However, the measured strength still exceeds the strength of typical gypsum wallboard with a compressive strength of about 3–4 N/mm² for whole-board crushing tests and it is much lower for point loads. The normal-incidence sound absorption coefficient indicated that the waste-filled samples absorbed around 80% of the incident sound energy between 2000 and 3000 Hz, comparable to some commercial acoustic foams. The results highlight the potential of utilising these waste-based composites in environmentally friendly construction applications. Depending on the waste type and matrix used, the results revealed trade-offs between multi-functional performance and sustainability benefits.
Sammendrag
Potato field management in Europe is already optimized for high production and tuber quality; however, numerous environmental challenges remain if the industry is to achieve “green economy” targets, such as less resources utilized, and less nitrate leached to the environment. Strategic co-scheduling irrigation and nitrogen (N) fertilization might increase resource use efficiency while minimizing reactive losses such as nitrate leaching. This study aimed to quantify the combined effect of irrigation and N fertilization on potato production, growth, and resource use efficiencies. A field experiment was conducted from 2017 to 2019 on a coarse sandy soil in Denmark, with a drought event occurring in 2018. Full (Ifull, maximized), deficit (Idef, 70–80 % of Ifull) and low irrigation treatments (Ilow, minimized amount to keep crop survival), each under full (Nfull, maximized) and variable (Nvar, variable amount according to the crops’ needs) N fertilization were applied. The analyses results show that Ilow limited potato growth under a drought-heat event; otherwise, potato growth was comparable between Ifull and Idef treatments, with 31–32 % higher irrigation efficiency (IE) under Idef than under Ifull. Nitrate leaching was variable and not significantly different among the treatments, being in general 9–13 % lower under Idef in absolute terms than under Ifull. Unexpectedly, outcomes from Nvar were statistically lower compared to those from Nfull. Radiation use efficiencies (RUEs) from Ilow and Nvar were significantly lower than from Ifull and Idef (14–19 %), and from Nfull (9–11 %). N use efficiencies (NUE) were comparable between N fertilization treatments but significantly different among different irrigation treatments. Overall, this study confirms that Idef is the best irrigation strategy. Future efforts should focus on developing improved approaches for detecting in-season crop N status and further quantifying N requirements, as well as promoting the co-scheduled management of irrigation and N fertilization. Remote sensing approaches have great potential to assist with this.
Forfattere
Yngve RekdalSammendrag
Denne rapporten er ei vegleiing i vegetasjonskartlegging i målestokk 1:20 000 – 50 000 slik dette er utført sidan første utgåva kom i 1987. Vegleiinga tar primært sikte på å bli brukt under opplæring av nye inventørar, og som ei handbok under feltarbeidet. Metoden for denne kartlegginga byggjer mykje på vegetasjonen sin fysiognomi slik dette kjem til uttrykk gjennom dominerande artar og vegetasjonen sin struktur. Kartlegginga med klassifisering og figurering, foregår som ein kombinasjon av synfaring i felt, tolking av flyfoto ut frå nyansar i farge og tekstur i biletet og inventøren sin økologiske kunnskap. Kartleggingssystemet består av 45 vegetasjonstypar og 9 andre arealtypar. Typane er samla i 12 grupper. Under kartlegging blir det i tillegg brukt ei rekkje tilleggsteikn for å få fram viktig informasjon som ikkje ligg i beskrivinga av vegetasjonstypane.
2025
Sammendrag
Reducing diffuse nutrient losses to water bodies remains a major problem in the agricultural areas of the Nordic countries. The transition towards a bioeconomy and ongoing climate change raise questions on the future of water quality and freshwater ecosystems and what kind of adaptation strategies could be implemented to maintain both food and environmental safety. The objective of our study was to evaluate the effectiveness of Natural Soil Water Retention Measures (NSWRMs) under current and future climate conditions in retaining water, soil particles and nutrients within the landscape. The hydro-biochemical model SWAT+ was implemented in the Kråkstad catchment in southern Norway using the novel approach developed within the EU H2020 project OPTAIN. This approach enables an improved spatial representation of NSWRMs in the landscape. Available discharge and water quality monitoring data were used as reference data for model calibration. The effectiveness of reduced tillage, grassed waterways, sedimentation ponds established in the forested areas and buffers on water retention and nutrient loads was evaluated. Our simulation results indicate that conservation tillage, which maintains stubble on the soil surface during winter, has the strongest impact on reducing soil and nutrient losses towards surface water bodies. Grassed waterways, established in existing erosion prone gullies, could also significantly contribute to water and nutrient retention within the landscape. The implemented NSWRMs did not appear to increase the soil moisture content in early spring even under future climate conditions, which is an important aspect for ensuring soil trafficability and the timing of sowing spring cereals.
Forfattere
Khaled Murad AghaSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
As the world’s largest producer of Atlantic salmon, Norway produces approximately 1.5 million tons salmon per year. Marine aquaculture sludge (feces and excess feed) represents a substantial sidestream from the aquaculture sector, which has traditionally been released at sea as most salmon production operates in open cages in the fjords. In 2022, 12 000 tons of phosphorous and 70 000 tons of nitrogen were released from salmon production in Norway, thus contributing to eutrophication of the sea environment and while also representing substantial nutrients loss. While anaerobic digestion of freshwater fish sludge has been studied to some extent, marine aquaculture sludge (MAS) as a potential substrate for biogas production remains largely underexplored. High saline and high sulfate substrates, such as MAS, are known to have pervasive effects on microbial community composition and can be inhibitory to methanogenic archaea. Continued advances in meta-omic approaches are increasing our understanding of microbial communities, key microbial divers and their metabolic mechanisms in a given environment. We explored the impact of MAS on continuous biogas process performance and microbial dynamics during gradually increased loading of MAS feedstock and finally through reducing hydraulic retention time (HRT). The anaerobic digestion experiments were conducted in lab-scale continuous biogas reactors, and the amount of MAS, blended with cow manure, was increased from 20% volume to 100%, at a HRT of 28d. At 100% MAS loading, organic loading rate was further increased, by reducing HTR, from 28 to 12d. The process functioned successfully during the whole experimental phase (400 days), with maximum salt concentration reaching 25 g/L (12 g/L Na+), substantially higher than reported inhibiting levels at ~8 g/L Na+. Biogas production increased when MAS was increased, and specific biogas production at 25 and 12 d HRT remained relatively constant, at ~450 mL biogas/g tCOD. Initial microbial community analysis revealed a decrease in microbial species diversity with increased MAS load, yet no MAS-specific species emerged as key drivers in the recovered microbial community. Interestingly, the most abundant methanogenic archaea were associated with acetoclastic and halotolerant Methanothrix and Methanosarcina. Through 16S rRNA gene sequencing and metaproteomics, our study aims to provide further insight into the microbial populations and key metabolic pathways when subjected to high salinity and reduced HRT. Our study explores key microbial mechanisms during anaerobic digestion and biogas production from the novel MAS substrate, paving way for sustainable energy solutions, linking marine byproducts to renewable energy generation.
Sammendrag
Norway is the world’s largest producer of Atlantic salmon with an annual 1.5 million tons. The aquaculture sector produces large amounts of fish sludge (feces and excess feed), which has traditionally been released at sea as most salmon production operates in open cages in the fjords. In 2022, 12k tons of phosphorous and 70k tons of nitrogen were released from salmon production in Norway (Sample, 2024), thus contributing to eutrophication of the sea environment while representing substantial loss of plant nutrients. Recently, a few completely land-based salmon production facilities have been established, and the associated sludge has gained increased focus as potential substrate for anaerobic digestion (AD). While AD of freshwater fish sludge has been researched to some extent, properties of marine fish sludge (MFS) as substrate for biogas production remains poorly characterized. High saline substrates, such as MFS, are known to have pervasive effects on microbial community composition and can be inhibitory for methanogenic archaea. Continued advances in meta-omic approaches increase understanding of microbial communities and their metabolic mechanisms in a given environment. Here, we investigated the impact of MFS on continuous biogas process performance and microbial dynamics during gradually increased volume loading of MFS feedstock. AD experiments were conducted in lab-scale continuous biogas reactors (CSTRs), and the amount of MFS (in mix with cow manure) was increased from 20% volume, to 100%, with stable process at hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 28d. When loading 100% MFS, organic loading rate (OLR) was increased (by reducing HRT), from 28 to 12d, representing increased OLR from ~4 to 10 g total organic demand (tCOD)/L/d. The process functioned during the total experimental phase (400 days), with maximum salt concentration at 25 g/L (12 g/L Na+), substantially higher than reported inhibiting levels at ~8 g/L Na+ (Zhang et.al., 2020). Biogas production increased from ~200 to 400 mL/g tCOD when MFS was increased. Specific biogas production at 25 and 12 d HRT remained relatively constant, at ~450 mL biogas/g tCOD, with stable methane concentration at ~65% throughout the experiment. Through meta-omic approaches (16S rRNA and whole genome sequencing), our study aims to provide insight into recovered microbial populations and key metabolic pathways when subjected to high salinity and increased OLR. Our study further aims to shed light on important microbial processes in AD running on novel substrates such as MFS, while paving way for sustainable energy solutions, linking marine byproducts to renewable energy generation. References Sample, J. E. (2024). Kildefordelte tilførsler av nitrogen og fosfor til norske kystområder i 2022–tabeller, figurer og kart. NIVA-rapport. Zhang, J., Zhang, R., He, Q., Ji, B., Wang, H., & Yang, K. (2020). Adaptation to salinity: Response of biogas production and microbial communities in anaerobic digestion of kitchen waste to salinity stress. Journal of bioscience and bioengineering, 130(2), 173-178.
Sammendrag
Nytt forskningsprosjekt om kontroll av høymole
Forfattere
Lars Olav BrandsæterSammendrag
Om utbredelse og problemomfang, biologi og bekjempelse av høymole.