Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2024
Sammendrag
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Forfattere
Jorunn Børve Katharina Pampus Tuuli Haikonen Andrea Podavkova Gaute Myren Roland W. S. WeberSammendrag
Ascospores discharged at rainfall and dispersed by wind can provide long-distance spread of the European canker fungus, Neonectria ditissima. Ascospores are produced by perithecia which are the sexual reproductive stage. Diffuse knowledge exists on the seasonal pattern of perithecium formation under different climatic conditions. Therefore, the development of perithecia was observed for several successive seasons at five sites in three Northern European countries. In Norway and Finland, ripe perithecia were commonly recorded throughout the year, and on individual cankers continuously for up to 28 months. In contrast, asexual reproductive structures (sporodochia) were confined to the growing season in both countries. In Northern Germany an average of 51% of cankers developed ripe perithecia by late winter, and perithecial senescence ensued in late spring. On average, ripe perithecia were present on cankers for 22 weeks. In contrast, sporodochia were observed all year round. The timing of perithecium maturation correlated with the number of days with > 2 mm rainfall in July–September. The presence of mature perithecia and sporodochia for different lengths of time in different countries has implications for regional disease management strategies.
Sammendrag
Sommeren 2023 utlyste Vestfold og Telemark fylkeskommune, sammen daværende Viken fylkeskommune, en tilbudskonkurranse om å utarbeide en digital kartløsning som synliggjør naturlige økosystemtjenester. Kartløsningen er laget for kommunene Sandefjord, Larvik, Porsgrunn, Skien, Notodden, Nome, Ringerike, Aurskog-Høland, Rælingen og Moss. Hensikt med oppdraget er å se klimagassutslipp, klimatilpasning og naturmangfold i sammenheng for å styrke betydningen av grønnstruktur og økosystemer i arealbruksvurderinger. NIBIO har laget en rekke temakart som synliggjør økosystemtjenestene. Denne rapporten gjør rede for temakartene, datagrunnlaget og bruksmåter.
Forfattere
Therese With Berge Jiangsan Zhao Jakob Geipel El Houssein Chouaib Harik Malin Larsen Græsdahl Marit HelgheimSammendrag
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Sammendrag
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Sammendrag
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Forfattere
Till SeehusenSammendrag
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Forfattere
Julian Helfenstein Samuel Hepner Amelie Kreuzer Gregor Achermann Tim Williams Matthias Bürgi Niels Debonne Thymios Dimopoulos Vasco Diogo Wendy Fjellstad Maria Garcia-Martin Józef Hernik Thanasis Kizos Angela Lausch Christian Levers Jaan Liira Franziska Mohr Gerardo Moreno Robert Pazur Tomasz Salata Beatrice Schüpbach Rebecca Swart Peter H. Verburg Anita Zarina Felix HerzogSammendrag
Current agricultural practices in Europe are increasingly aggravating societal and environmental safety concerns. This creates social and regulatory pressures on farmers, which can lead to declining material and social status of farmers, farmer discontent, and anti-regulation protests. These tensions are rooted in conflicting value systems for agricultural development, which can range from productivist pathways (i.e. valuing production above all else) to increasing multifunctionality pathways (i.e. valuing agriculture for its contribution to multiple economic, environmental and societal needs). It is largely unknown to what degree individual farms and agricultural landscapes are transitioning towards increasing productivism or multifunctionality in practice. Here, we mapped landscape changes and interviewed farmers (n = 274) to examine the diversity of agricultural development pathways in 17 study sites across Europe over the last 20 years (2000–2020). We also assessed the associations between the development pathways and farmers’ perceptions of socio-economic outcomes, namely job satisfaction, societal valuation, and economic performance. Farm-level development was largely aligned with productivist pathways, while landscape-level changes aligned more closely with an increasing multifunctionality pathway. Farmers on pathways of increasing multifunctionality did not perceive improved outcomes on livelihood indicators as compared to productivist farmers. Furthermore, farms on increasing multifunctionality pathways were concentrated in sites with very high management intensities that face strong pressure from environmental regulations, as well as low-intensity, mountainous sites, where opportunities for intensification are limited. These results suggest that current pathways that increase multifunctionality arise mostly by necessity. Successful agricultural transformation will therefore require policy to create enabling environments that provide socioeconomic benefits for farmers to increase multifunctionality, and a civil society and market conditions that value sustainable agriculture.
Forfattere
Martin Komainda Jesus Fernández-Habas Pilar Fernández-Rebollo Johannes Isselstein Mariusz Kulik Vibeke LindSammendrag
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Sammendrag
Grasslands serve specific purposes in different regions and in various ways, and their ecological and economic importance can vary depending on the specific type of grassland and the region in question. Grasslands can be highly multifunctional on a local-scale and across scales through various interactions of management and site conditions. The present study spans from the northern Arctic region, over central and eastern to the southern Mediterranean parts of Europe. It gives an overview of the diversity of grassland systems, in terms of management types and grassland products, as a starting point to present use cases of specific roles typical for distinct regions. It then discusses roles and adaptation possibilities under the conditions of prospected climate change in chosen regions.