Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2008
Forfattere
L. Riccioni A. Inman H.A. Magnus M. Valvassori A. Porta-Puglia Piero Conca G. Di Giambattista K Hughes M. Coates R. Bowyer C. Sansford Jafar Razzaghian A. Prince G.L. PetersonSammendrag
Representative European wheat cultivars were tested under quarantine containment for their susceptibility to Tilletia indica, the cause of Karnal bunt of wheat. Fifteen winter and 15 spring wheat (Triticum aestivum) and 11 durum wheat (Triticum durum) cultivars were inoculated by boot injection just prior to ear emergence to test their physiological susceptibility. Selected cultivars were then re-tested by spray inoculation after ear emergence to determine their morphological susceptibility, which is a better predictor of field susceptibility. At maturity, the ears and seeds were assessed for incidence and severity of disease. For the physiological susceptibility tests, 13/15 winter wheat cultivars were infected and the percentage of infected seeds ranged from 1 to 32%. For spring cultivars, 13/15 cultivars were infected and the percentage of infected seeds ranged from 1 to 48%. For the durum cultivars, 9/11 were infected and the percentage of infected seeds ranged from 2 to 95%. Across all cultivars, 35/41 were infected. Based on historical Karnal bunt susceptibility categories using coefficients of infection, one cultivar was classed as highly susceptible, three as susceptible, 11 as moderately susceptible, 20 as resistant and only six as highly resistant. The spray-inoculation morphological susceptibility tests broadly confirmed the physiological susceptibility results, although lower levels of infection were observed. Overall, the range of susceptibility was similar to that found in cultivars grown in Karnal bunt affected countries. The results demonstrate that European wheat cultivars are susceptible to T. indica and thus could potentially support the establishment of T. indica if introduced into Europe.
Sammendrag
Forsøk har synt at det mest vanlege dekkesystemet over søtkirsebær i Noreg kan nyttast både som eit alternativ og eit supplement til sprøytingar med kjemiske middel mot rotesoppar som angrip søtkirsebærfrukter.
Forfattere
Carl Jonas Jorge SpetzSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
Potetcystenematodene (PCN) forekommer i to arter, gul (Globodera rostochiensis) og hvit (G. pallida). Begge har fl ere raser, hvor det i Norge er påvist fi re av den gule arten. Cystene ligger i jorda og er døde hunner, mens smitten er eggene som fi nnes inne i disse. Potet er den viktigste vertsplanten. Angrepne områder får dårlig vekst og vises ofte som fl ekker i åkeren. Gul PCN er påvist på 6400 eiendommer fra Lindesnes i sør til Ørland kommune i nord. Forebyggende tiltak er viktigst for å unngå smitte. Gul PCN er en karanteneskadegjører som reguleres av Matloven. Det er meldeplikt til Mattilsynet på mistanke om infeksjon av PCN. Bioforsk Plantehelse utfører analyser av forekomst, smittenivå og rasetesting.
Sammendrag
Potetcystenematodene (PCN) forekommer i to arter, hvit PCN (Globodera pallida) og gul (Globodera rostochiensis). Begge har fl ere raser. Cystene ligger i jorda og er døde hunner, mens smitten er eggene som fi nnes inne i disse. Potet er den viktigste vertsplanten. Angrepne områder får dårlig vekst og vises ofte som fl ekker i åkeren. Kjent utbredelse av hvit PCN er fra Grimstad i Aust-Agder i sør til Stjørdal i Trøndelag i nord. God hygiene er det viktigste tiltaket for å unngå smitte. Hvit PCN omfattes av Matloven og infi serte bruksenheter kan legges i karantene i 40 år. Det er meldeplikt til Mattilsynet ved mistanke og funn av PCN. Bioforsk Plantehelse utfører analyser og rasetesting av PCN.
Forfattere
Abdelhameed Elameen Siri Fjellheim Arild Larsen Odd Arne Rognli Leif Sundheim Susan Msolla Esther Masumba Kiddo Mtunda Sonja KlemsdalSammendrag
Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) is the fifth most important crop in the developing countries after rice, wheat, maize and cassava. The amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) method was used to study the genetic diversity and relationships of sweet potato accessions in the germplasm collection of Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro and Sugarcane Research Institute, Kibaha, Tanzania. AFLP analysis of 97 sweet potato accessions using ten primer combinations gave a total of 202 clear polymorphic bands. Each one of the 97 sweet potato accessions could be distinguished based on these primer combinations. Estimates of genetic similarities were obtained by the Dice coefficient, and a final dendrogram was constructed with the un-weight pair-group method using arithmetic average. AFLP-based genetic similarity varied from 0.388 to 0.941, with a mean of 0.709. Cluster analysis using genetic similarity divided the accessions into two main groups suggesting that there are genetic relationships among the accessions. Principal Coordinate analysis confirmed the pattern of the cluster analysis. Analysis of molecular variance revealed greater variation within regions (96.19%) than among regions (3.81%). The results from the AFLP analysis revealed a relatively low genetic diversity among the germplasm accessions and the genetic distances between regions were low. A maximally diverse subset of 13 accessions capturing 97% of the molecular markers diversity was identified. We were able to detect duplicates accessions in the germplasm collection using the highly polymorphic markers obtained by AFLP, which were found to be an efficient tool to characterize the genetic diversity and relationships of sweet potato accessions in the germplasm collection in Tanzania.
Sammendrag
Rhodiola rosea is widely distributed in Norway, but so far limited knowledge exists on the level of genetic diversity. To initiate a selective breeding program, Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP) analysis was used to estimate genetic diversity within the Norwegian R. rosea germplasm collection. AFLP analysis of 97 R. rosea clones using five primer combinations gave a total of 109 polymorphic bands. We detected high percentage of polymorphic bands (PPB) with a mean of 82.3% among the clones of R. rosea. Each of the 97 R. rosea clones could be unambiguously identified based on these primer combinations. Estimates of genetic similarities were obtained by the Dice coefficient, and a final dendrogram was constructed with the Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic mean (UPGMA). Genetic similarity based on the AFLP data ranged from 0.440 to 0.950 with a mean of 0.631. This genetic analysis showed that there was no close genetic similarity among clones related to their original growing county. No gender-specific markers were found in the R. rosea clones. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) revealed a significantly greater variation within regions (92.03%) than among regions (7.97%). A low level of genetic differentiation (F-ST=0.043) was observed, indicating a high level of gene flow, which had a strong influence on the genetic structure at different counties. Our results indicate high gene flow among R rosea clones that might be a result of seed dispersal rather than cross-pollination. Further world-wide studies are required to compare the level of genetic diversity and more studies in R. rosea detailing the consequences of different patterns of gene flow (pollen spread and dispersal of seeds and clonal plants) will be useful for characterization of roseroot. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Forfattere
Karl ThunesSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
Snegler er viktige i nedbrytningsprosessen av plantemateriale i naturen. Noen ganske få arter kan opptre som skadedyr på planter i jord- og hagebruk. Områder med høy fuktighet, moderate temperaturer og milde vintre utgjør ideelle omgivelser for snegler. Har man i tillegg kulturer som gir sneglene beskyttelse under et permanent plantedekke, kan skaden av snegl på plantene bli omfattende. Åkersnegl har lenge vært et vanlig skadedyr i mange kulturer i jord- og hagebruk i Norge. Iberiaskogsnegl, også kalt brunsnegl, er en nykommer i norsk fauna. Foreløpig forekommer denne arten hovedsakelig som skadedyr i småhager, men i enkelte distrikter langs kysten av Sør-Norge har den også opptrådt i dyrka områder. Den har vært rapportert fra mindre grasarealer og som skadegjører hos noen grønnsakog jordbærprodusenter. På nettsiden snegler.bioforsk.no fi nner du mer informasjon.