Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2021
Forfattere
Haldis KismulSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Haldis KismulSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Haldis KismulSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Ying Yen Martin Riis Weisbjerg Ralf Rautenberger Adriána Fečkaninová Margarita Novoa-GarridoSammendrag
Rapid deterioration of harvested macroalgal biomass is a challenge for macroalgal industry and can be overcome with the inexpensive ensiling preservation. To improve silage quality, Saccharina latissima and Alaria esculenta biomass was subjected to ensiling conditions following a 2 × 4 factorial design, with 2 prewilting treatments (no-prewilting and prewilted to 300 g DM kg−1 fresh biomass) and 4 additive treatments (no additive, formic acid, single and two species of Lactobacillus inoculant), and ensiled for 3 or 12 months at 15 °C. Acetate was the main fermentation product in these seaweed silages. Prewilting reduced the acetate, mannitol, and NH3 content in silages. In S. latissima silages without additives, prewilting led to less acidification (pH = 5.7). Also, prewilting caused protein and phlorotannin degradation. When treated with formic acid, the silage pH was below 4 regardless of the biomass’s moisture content. The use of Lactobacillus spp. inoculants was essential for lactate production in seaweed silages, and it significantly lowered silage pH in S. latissima and prewilted A. esculenta compared to silages with no additives. A high level of the phlorotannin content was preserved (> 90%) in the 3-month A. esculenta silages without prewilting. However, major reduction of antioxidant activity was observed in 12-month silages in both seaweed species. In conclusion, ensiling is a viable method for preserving Alaria and Saccharina biomass. Prewilting restricted silage fermentation, and both formic acid and bacterial additives facilitated silage acidification. However, there was no clear benefit of these treatments in preserving the antioxidant activity.
Forfattere
Ying Yen Ralf Rautenberger Martin Riis Weisbjerg Adriána Fečkaninová Margarita Novoa-GarridoSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Alexander Jüterbock Antoine J. P. Minne J. Mark Cock Melinda Ann Coleman Thomas Wernberg Lydia Scheschonk Ralf Rautenberger Jie Zhang Zi-Min HuSammendrag
Marine macrophytes, including seagrasses and macroalgae, form the basis of diverse and productive coastal ecosystems that deliver important ecosystem services. Moreover, western countries increasingly recognize macroalgae, traditionally cultivated in Asia, as targets for a new bio-economy that can be both economically profitable and environmentally sustainable. However, seagrass meadows and macroalgal forests are threatened by a variety of anthropogenic stressors. Most notably, rising temperatures and marine heatwaves are already devastating these ecosystems around the globe, and are likely to compromise profitability and production security of macroalgal farming in the near future. Recent studies show that seagrass and macroalgae can become less susceptible to heat events once they have been primed with heat stress. Priming is a common technique in crop agriculture in which plants acquire a stress memory that enhances performance under a second stress exposure. Molecular mechanisms underlying thermal priming are likely to include epigenetic mechanisms that switch state and permanently trigger stress-preventive genes after the first stress exposure. Priming may have considerable potential for both ecosystem restoration and macroalgae farming to immediately improve performance and stress resistance and, thus, to enhance restoration success and production security under environmental challenges. However, priming methodology cannot be simply transferred from terrestrial crops to marine macrophytes. We present first insights into the formation of stress memories in both seagrasses and macroalgae, and research gaps that need to be filled before priming can be established as new bio-engineering technique in these ecologically and economically important marine primary producers.
Forfattere
Marie Vestergaard Henriksen Guillaume Latombe David G. Chapple Steven L. Chown Melodie A. McGeochSammendrag
1. Ecological network structure is maintained by a generalist core of common species. However, rare species contribute substantially to both the species and functional diversity of networks. Capturing changes in species composition and interactions, measured as turnover, is central to understanding the contribution of rare and common species and their interactions. Due to a large contribution of rare interactions, the pairwise metrics used to quantify interaction turnover are, however, sensitive to compositional change in the interactions of, often rare, peripheral specialists rather than common generalists in the network. 2. Here we expand on pairwise interaction turnover using a multi-site metric that enables quantifying turnover in rare to common interactions (in terms of occurrence of interactions). The metric further separates this turnover into interaction turnover due to species turnover and interaction rewiring. 3. We demonstrate the application and value of this method using a host–parasitoid system sampled along gradients of environmental modification. 4. In the study system, both the type and amount of habitat needed to maintain interaction composition depended on the properties of the interactions considered, that is, from rare to common. The analyses further revealed the potential of host switching to prevent or delay species loss, and thereby buffer the system from perturbation. 5. Multi-site interaction turnover provides a comprehensive measure of network change that can, for example, detect ecological thresholds to habitat loss for rare to common interactions. Accurate description of turnover in common, in addition to rare, species and their interactions is particularly relevant for understanding how network structure and function can be maintained.
Sammendrag
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Forfattere
Anna Birgitte Milford Jorunn Børve Bjørn Arild Hatteland Marianne Stenrød Frode Veggeland Asbjørn Veidal Guro BrodalSammendrag
Denne rapporten presenterer resultatene fra prosjektet «Valuation of the Norwegian plant health regime from an environmental, economic and social perspective (PlantValue)», som ble finansiert av Forskningsrådet gjennom en utlysning i samarbeid med Mattilsynet om midler til forvaltningsforskning på dyre- og plantehelse. Formålet med prosjektet var å få økt kunnskap om de miljømessige, økonomiske og sosiale konsekvensene av reguleringen av plantehelse i Norge og ulike metoder for å måle og utforske disse. Vi valgte å fokusere på et utvalg ulike former for reguleringer, og gjennom utvalgte casestudier har vi sett på betydningen av reguleringene for mattrygghet, helse, miljø, produsentøkonomi og forbrukervelferd.....
Forfattere
Pia Heltoft Thomsen Karin Juul Hesselsøe Marit Almvik Marte Skattebu Jan Tangsveen Wendy Marie Waalen Trygve S. AamlidSammendrag
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