Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2019
Populærvitenskapelig – Slik kan mikroalgene hjelpe oss
Jan-Henrik Kulberg, Ikumi Umetani, Rune Bakke
Sammendrag
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Forfattere
Adam O'Toole Alice Budai Vegard Martinsen Hugh Riley Samson Øpstad Ievina Sturite Thomas Cottis Daniel RasseSammendrag
Norsk
Forfattere
Paul Eric Aspholm Victoria Gonzalez Julia Schregel Siv Grethe Aarnes Cornelya Klutsch Anne WikanSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
Nordiske forsøk viser at jordarbeiding om høsten gir større tap av jord og næringsstoffer sammenlignet med overvintring i stubb og jordarbeiding om våren. Effekten av overvintring i stubb på vannkvalitet varierer med helling, jordart og værforhold det enkelte år. Mer nedbør og mer intens nedbør gir større risiko for erosion, og under slike forhold er det også større effekt av jordarbeidingstiltak. Ved små avrenningsmengder er det mindre forskjeller mellom jordarbeidingsmetoder. I et endret klima kan det bli et økt behov for overvintring i stubb for å opprettholde og forbedre vannkvaliteten.
Sammendrag
Diffuse phosphorus loss from agricultural fields is an important contributor to the eutrophication of waterbodies. The objective of this study was to evaluate a pilot project for the implementation of mitigation measures to reduce P losses. The pilot project is situated in southwestern Norway and, covers a 14-year period (2004–2018). It included data on the implementation of mitigation measures and water quality monitoring for six small catchments. The mitigation measures consisted of no tillage in autumn, reduced P fertilizer application, grassed buffer zones, and sedimentation ponds. Extra efforts were made to reduce diffuse P losses during the period from 2008 to 2010. The project comprised economic incentives, an information campaign, and farm visits. Data from 2004 and 2010 showed that the use of P fertilizer during this period decreased by 80% and the area of no-till in autumn increased in all six catchments and covered 100% of the area in three of the six catchments in 2010. However, with decreased economic incentives after 2010, the degree to which the mitigation measures were implemented was reversed; P-fertilization increased, and no-till in autumn decreased. No significant effects of mitigation measures on total P and suspended sediment concentrations were detected. We conclude that economic incentives are necessary for the comprehensive implementation of mitigation measures and but that it is not always possible to show the effect on water quality.
Sammendrag
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Sammendrag
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Sammendrag
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Forfattere
Trine Eggen Heidi Amlund Aksel Bernhoft Ole Martin Eklo Gunnar Sundstøl Eriksen Belinda Eline Flem Torsten Källqvist Bal Ram Singh Eiliv Steinnes Stefan Trapp Anne Falk Øgaard Christiane Kruse Fæste Erik-Jan Lock Live Lingaas Nesse Einar Ringø Håvard Steinshamn Robin Ørnsrud Åshild KrogdahlSammendrag
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Forfattere
Synnøve Smebye Botnen Marie Louise Davey Anders Aas Tor Carlsen Ella Thoen Einar Heegaard Unni Vik Philipp Dresch Sunil Mundra Ursula Peintner Andy F. S. Taylor Håvard KauserudSammendrag
Aim Polar and alpine ecosystems appear to be particularly sensitive to increasing temperatures and the altered precipitation patterns linked to climate change. However, little is currently known about how these environmental drivers may affect edaphic organisms within these ecosystems. In this study, we examined communities of plant root‐associated fungi (RAF) over large biogeographical scales and along climatic gradients in the North Atlantic region in order to gain insights into the potential effects of climate variability on these communities. We also investigated whether selected fungal traits were associated with particular climates. Locations Austria, Scotland, Mainland Norway, Iceland, Jan Mayen and Svalbard. Taxa Root fungi associated with the ectomycorrhizal and herbaceous plant Bistorta vivipara. Methods DNA metabarcoding of the ITS1 region was used to characterize the RAF of 302 whole plant root systems, which were analysed by means of ordination methods and linear modelling. Fungal spore length, width, volume and shape, as well as mycelial exploration type (ET) of ectomycorrhizal (ECM) basidiomycetes were summarized at a community level. Results The RAF communities exhibited strong biogeographical structuring, and both compositional variation as well as fungal species richness correlated with annual temperature and precipitation. In accordance with general island biogeography theory, the least species‐rich RAF communities were found on Jan Mayen, a remote and small island in the North Atlantic Ocean. Fungal spores tended to be more elongated with increasing latitude. We also observed a climate effect on which mycelial ET was dominating among the ectomycorrhizal fungi. Main conclusions Both geographical and environmental variables were important for shaping root‐associated fungal communities at a North Atlantic scale, including the High Arctic. Fungal OTU richness followed general biogeographical patterns and decreased with decreasing size and/or increasing isolation of the host plant population. The probability of possessing more elongated spores increases with latitude, which may be explained by a selection for greater dispersal capacity among more isolated host plant populations in the Arctic.