Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2021
Forfattere
Kjersti Holt HanssenSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
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Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Aksel GranhusSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
Denne rapporten sammenstiller resultater fra prosjektet «Lukket hogst – hvor godt har det fungert?». Hovedfokuset har vært å analysere i hvilken grad uttaksstyrke og ulike bestandskarakteristika bidrar til å forklare variasjonen i produksjon og foryngelse etter hogstene. Videre har vi utført skogøkonomiske analyser for å vurdere økonomien av lukket hogst opp mot et alternativt scenario med flatehogst og etterfølgende planting, der vi forutsetter at den lukkede hogsten gjennomføres som en skjermstillingshogst i to omganger (etablering av skjerm og fjerning av skjermen etter etablert foryngelse). Fem temporære prøveflater à 314 m2 (radius 10 m) ble etablert per bestand, som grunnlag for å rekonstruere tilvekst og stående volum før og etter hogst. Datamaterialet omfatter 19 bestand på bonitet 11-20 (90-545 m.o.h.) der det var utført lukket hogst for 6-27 år siden med en gjennomsnittlig uttaksstyrke på 52 prosent av grunnflaten (variasjon: 3-90). Foryngelse (trær med høyde minst 10 cm og diameter i brysthøyde < 5 cm) ble registrert på fem «telleflater» med radius 2,26 m (16 m2) innen hver prøveflate. Uttaket har i noen tilfeller vært orientert primært mot de grøvste trærne, dvs. en bledningslignende hogstføring. I andre bestand har uttaket derimot vært konsentrert til de mindre trærne, der hogsten kan karakteriseres som tradisjonell skjermstillingshogst (høgskjerm). Den betydelige variasjonen i hogstføring indikeres også ved tynningskvotienten (middeldiameter i uttaket/middeldiameter før hogst), som varierte fra 0,77 til 1,69 mellom de ulike bestandene. Utgangstilstanden med hensyn på diameterfordeling før og like etter hogst varierte følgelig også betydelig mellom bestand...
Forfattere
Ricardo Ruiz-Peinado Hans Pretzsch Magnus Löf Michael Heym Kamil Bielak Jorge Aldea Ignacio Barbeito Gediminas Brazaitis Lars Drössler Kšištof Godvod Aksel Granhus Stig-Olof Holm Aris Jansons Ekaterina Makrickienė Marek Metslaid Sandra Metslaid Arne Nothdurft Ditlev Otto Juel Reventlow Roman Sitko Gintarė Stankevičienė Miren del RíoSammendrag
Mixed-species stands have been found to be more productive than would be expected from the performance of their component species in monocultures due to facilitation and complementarity between species, although these interactions depend on the combination of species present. Our study focuses on monospecific and mixed-species stands of Scots pine and Norway spruce using 20 triplets established in nine countries along a climatic gradient across Europe. Differences in mean tree and stand characteristics, productivity and stand structure were assessed. Basal area increment in mixed stands was 8% higher than expected while volume increment was only 2% greater. Scots pine trees growing in mixed-species stands showed 11% larger quadratic mean diameter, 7% larger dominant diameter, 17% higher basal area and 25% higher stand volume than trees growing in monospecific stands. Norway spruce showed only a non-significant tendency to lower mean values of diameters, heights, basal area, as well standing volume in mixtures than monocultures. Stand structure indices differed between mixed stands and monocultures of Scots pine showing a greater stratification in mixed-species stands. Furthermore, the studied morphological traits showed little variability for trees growing in monospecific stands, except for diameter at breast height, crown length and crown length ratio. For trees growing in mixed stands, all the morphological traits of the trees were identified as different. Some of these morphological traits were associated with relative productivity. Nevertheless, relative productivity in mixed-species stands was not related to site conditions.
Forfattere
Jorge Aldea Ricardo Ruiz-Peinado Miren del Río Hans Pretzsch Michael Heym Gediminas Brazaitis Aris Jansons Marek Metslaid Ignacio Barbeito Kamil Bielak Aksel Granhus Stig-Olof Holm Arne Nothdurft Roman Sitko Magnus LöfSammendrag
Mixed forests are suggested as a strategic adaptation of forest management to climate change. Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) are tree species of high economic and ecological value for European forestry. Both species coexist naturally in a large part of their distributions but there is a lack of knowledge on the ecological functioning of mixtures of these species and how to manage such stands. This paper analyses these species' intra-and inter-specific competition, including size-symmetric vs. size-asymmetric competition, and explore the effect of weather conditions on tree growth and competition. We studied basal area growth at tree level for Scots pine and Norway spruce in mixed versus pure stands in 22 triplets of fully-stocked plots along a broad range of ecological conditions across Europe. Stand inventory and increment cores provided insights into how species mixing modifies tree growth compared with neighbouring pure stands. Five different competition indices, weather variables and their interactions were included and checked in basal area growth models using a linear mixed model approach. Interspecific size-asymmetric competition strongly influenced growth for both tree species, and was modulated by weather conditions. However, species height stratification in mixed stands resulted in a greater tree basal area growth of Scots pine (10.5 cm 2 year − 1) than in pure stands (9.3 cm 2 year − 1), as this species occupies the upper canopy layer. Scots pine growth depended on temperature and drought, whereas Norway spruce growth was influenced only by drought. Interspecific site-asymmetric competition increased in cold winters for Scots pine, and decreased after a drought year for Nor-way spruce. Although mixtures of these species may reduce tree size for Norway spruce, our results suggest that this could be offset by faster growth in Scots pine. How inter-specific competition and weather conditions alter tree growth may have strong implications for the management of Scots pine-Norway spruce mixtures along the rotation period into the ongoing climate change scenario.
Forfattere
Aksel GranhusSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
Spondylosis deformans is a spinal disease common to several dog breeds, and several treatments including veterinary chiropractic may be used to treat affected dogs. Little is known, however, about the efficacy of chiropractic treatment as precautionary measure, aiming to reduce the probability of spondylosis development. We performed a randomized study where one half of the Boxer puppies from 17 litters were given veterinary chiropractic treatment at monthly intervals from eight weeks of age until they were one year old, while the other half were given no treatment (treated: n = 44, controls: n = 43). At an age of one year, spondylosis occurrence was recorded based on a scoring of X-ray images of the spine. The frequency of occurrence was significantly lower (p = 0.0478) in the treated dogs (25.0%) than in the controls (46.5%). We also tested if spondylosis occurrence in the treated dogs correlated with the average number of spinal joints with decreased mobility found per chiropractic treatment. No such effect was found, however. In summary, our results suggest that veterinary chiropractic treatment may be successfully used to reduce the probability of early development of spondylosis in young Boxers.