Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2026
Sammendrag
In Norway, plum fruit is sold for fresh consumption in a similar way as sweet cherry for a high price. Different treatments were tested to ensure high quality at the consumer end. The fruit is normally picked with a range in ripeness. At packaging grading the fruit in different maturity classes for intended sale in shorter (Ripe+) and longer channels (Ripe-) has been partially implemented in the industry. As a further improvement, application of 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) was tested on fruit of the two ripeness categories of two cultivars. After a period of cold storage and simulated shelf-life for two days at 20°C fruits were tasted by a sensory panel. Fruit quality and fungal decay were assessed both after cold storage and simulated shelf-life. It was clear that taste of less ripe fruit was associated with firmer fruit, more acidity and greener taste, and quality of riper fruit was associated with sweetness, higher colour value, softer texture and a higher taste intensity. The panel found that treated Ripe- fruit had a greener taste and flavour and were less juicy and less sweet. In general, quality analysis of less ripe plum fruit of both cultivars showed that they had higher content of acids, were firmer, and had less cover colour after storage compared to riper fruits. Also, treatment with 1-MCP impacted firmness, colour, and acidity. However, the treatment effect was different depending on cultivars and years. In 2022, the effect of 1-MCP was seen for both ripeness categories of ‘Reeves’, but only for Ripe- fruit in 2023. There was no effect of 1-MCP treatments on ‘Mallard’ in 2022, however, there was a slight effect of 1-MCP on firmness, acids and cover colour after self-life test for less ripe plum fruit in 2023. The Ripe+ fruit developed 2-10 times more fungal fruit decay than less ripe fruit. 1-MCP had no effect on development of fungal fruit decay. Preliminary conclusion was that management of fruit maturation is more effective than 1-MCP application in securing consumer end quality.
Forfattere
Jorunn Børve Theresa Weigl Emily Follett Ingunn Øvsthus H. Larsen Torbjørn Haukås E. Indergård S.F. Remberg Dalphy Ondine Camira Harteveld Arne StensvandSammendrag
Evaluating the effect of different treatments after a simulated shelf life is common in postharvest industry experiments. As fungal fruit decay development is closely linked to preharvest factors, fruit quality, and postharvest treatments two other time points were added in recent experiments. When commercial packinghouses graded the different experimental units (from 1 to 4 bins) they made three different samples; 1) all the fruit manually discarded before size grading (mostly external symptoms of fungal fruit decay and physiological disorders), 2) a 100-fruit sample of the fruit not regarded as first class by the grading machine at size grading (fruit that could be used for industry purpose, processing fruit), and 3) packed fruit for shelf life testing. As expected, differences in pathogen presence were found varying with storage time, cultivar, season, treatments, etc., but overall, some important factors could be pointed at: up to 70% of the processing fruit had damages (caused by insects, weather or mechanical damage) that could be an entry point of fungal pathogens in storage. Apple scab was found on up to 60% of that fruit and up to 12% of the graded fruit in shelf-life tests, indicating a less effective fungicide strategy in some of the commercial orchards. The additional knowledge gained by having three sample types in the experiments is discussed.
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
RESTORE jobber med restaurering av artsrike naturtyper i kulturlandskapet. Disse naturtypene er formet gjennom langvarig tradisjonell skjøtsel, som beite, slått og brenning, og er viktige leveområder for mange arter. I dag er mange av dem truet av opphør av skjøtsel, gjengroing, intensivering av landbruket og nedbygging. Prosjektet bidrar med kunnskap om hvordan forringet natur kan føres tilbake til god økologisk tilstand — blant annet gjennom rydding, fjerning av problemarter og gjeninnføring av tradisjonell skjøtsel.
Sammendrag
Semi-naturlige enger er artsrike naturtyper formet av langvarig beite og slått, og er en viktig del av norsk natur- og kulturarv. I dag er mange av disse engene truet av gjengroing, intensivering og nedbygging. Gjennom Arealrepresentativ overvåking av semi-naturlig eng (ASO), et overvåkingsprogram finansiert av Miljødirektoratet, samles kunnskap om areal, økologisk tilstand, biologisk mangfold og endringer over tid. Denne kunnskapen er viktig for forvaltning og bevaring av semi-naturlige enger i Norge.
Sammendrag
This animated short film shows how beneficial insects such as ladybirds and hoverflies can help control pests like aphids. By providing flower strips and suitable habitats in and around fields, farmers can support pollinators and natural enemies of pests — contributing to more resilient crop production over time.
Sammendrag
Denne animerte kortfilmen viser hvordan nytteinsekter som marihøner og blomsterfluer kan bidra til å holde skadedyr som bladlus nede. Ved å legge til rette for blomsterstriper og gode leveområder i og rundt åkeren, kan bønder støtte både pollinatorer og naturlige fiender av skadedyr — og bidra til mer robust planteproduksjon over tid.
Sammendrag
The decline of soil organic carbon (SOC) content is a major concern in agricultural soils, and reduction of tillage frequency is proposed as a measure to counteract this tendency. Here, we assessed the effect of tillage and renewal frequency on grassland SOC content based on a long–term experiment at Fureneset, Western Norway. The objective was to compare permanent and unrenewed grassland treatments with treatments ploughed and renewed 6 to 15 times from 1974 to 2016. Mean SOC content of the permanent grassland was 64 ± 9 g kg−1 (one standard deviation) at 0 to 40 cm depth and soil contained 210 Mg C ha−1, compared to 60 ± 6 g kg−1 and 190 Mg C ha−1 for grassland renewed with ploughing. Higher SOC contents were associated with reduced forage dry matter yields (DMY) of the permanent grassland, but not in frequently renewed grasslands. High SOC contents correlate with high porosity and water content, as soil properties approach those of organic soils. This may cause a wetter soil and reduced plant growth and increase soil compaction. In areas with generally high SOC contents in agricultural soils, increased carbon content due to no tillage may thus make the soils more agronomically challenging to manage
Forfattere
Johannes Kollmann Larissa Uhe Marcello D’Amico Jan C. Habel Tina Heger Svenja B. Kroeger Tommy Lennartsson Hans Martin HanslinSammendrag
Roadside habitats have abiotic and biotic conditions that deviate from natural habitats and thus constitute “novel ecosystems” with insufficient adaptation of native biota. In roadsides, the net effect of positive and negative impacts determines population viability. This situation constitutes an “ecological trap,” when attractive habitats become demographic sinks due to locally reduced reproduction or increased mortality. The impact could be exacerbated by novel ecological factors. To investigate to what extent, for which species, and under which conditions ecological traps are actually occurring, we reviewed the effects of roadsides on plant and animal performance and population dynamics. We identified 390 relevant publications with 470 different effect cases based on a standardized literature review (2008–2018). Overall, 30% of these cases reported positive effects of roadsides on plant and animal populations, 31% of cases reported negative effects, and 39% showed no effects at all. In only 18 cases, negative effects were combined with positive ones, most often due to attractive but unsuitable habitats that constituted ecological traps. Ecological novelty was not used to interpret these effects. We conclude that there is abundant literature on ecological effects of roadsides, while specific research is needed on ecological traps, including potential effects of ecological novelty.
Forfattere
Tommy Lennartsson Marcello D’Amico Weronika Axelsson Linkowski Hans Martin Hanslin Johannes Kollmann Svenja B. Kroeger Larissa Uhe Anna Westin Jörgen WissmanSammendrag
Roads impose several types of negative impact on landscapes and biodiversity, but may also favor some organisms by providing habitats and dispersal corridors. To prioritize, plan, design, and perform activities for promoting biodiversity in road verges, it is essential to understand which key environmental factors contribute to forming different types of roadside habitats. In this chapter, we explore relationships between biodiversity and environmental factors in road verges based on a literature review with a primary focus of vascular plants and arthropods. Roadside literature indicates a number of interacting ecological factors, which together form the roadside habitat and determine community composition. These key factors can be assigned to three groups: (1) ecological conditions such as soil, topography, and microclimate, (2) ecological processes such as vegetation succession and disturbance or management of ground and vegetation, and (3) the surrounding landscape. Based on the identified key factors, we suggest an ecological classification of roadside habitats into four major groups, namely successional roadsides, dry roadsides, tallgrass roadsides, and meadow roadsides. Trees and shrubs can occur in all groups, for example as tree avenues or hedgerows, resulting in a cross-cutting subgroup: successional/dry/tallgrass/meadow roadsides with trees and shrubs.