Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2025
Forfattere
Micheloni, Cristina Oudshoorn, Frank Willem Blanco Penedo, Maria Isabel Autio, Sari Beste, Andrea Goracci, Jacopo Matthias Koesling Kretzschmar, Ursula Malusá, Eligio Raigon Jiminez, Maria Dolores Speiser, Bernhard van der Blom, Jan Wäckers, Felix Benning, Luisa Deruytter, David Guarino Amato, Monica Lambertz, Christian Van Huis, ArnoldSammendrag
The Group observes that, in general, many aspects remain to be clarified in the horizontal legislation to define rules that are applicable to insect production for food and feed. Although this is a task beyond the mandate of the EGTOP, the Group reflects on some key aspects of the horizontal legislation and provides suggestions for adaptations. In addition, the group proposes recommendations specifically addressing organic insect production.
Sammendrag
Understanding the service life of wood products used outdoors is essential for end-users to set realistic expectations regarding material performance. Furthermore, reliable service life data is critical for assessing building costs, environmental impact, and carbon storage potential. The report compiles existing knowledge on the service life of wood in outdoor constructions in Norway. The relevant applications included are wood used in ground contact, decking, and external cladding, and the data are derived from field trials conducted in Norway. The primary aim is to update the service life tables from a report published in 2014. Additionally, the report provides a brief introduction to the topic of wood protection. Many factors influence the service life of wood products, with temperature and moisture being the two most significant. The service life of wood in constructions primarily depends on the application, the natural durability of the material, any wood preservatives used, the presence of wood-degrading organisms, architecture, and craftsmanship. Poorly designed construction details can act as moisture traps, leading to early fungal damage. Therefore, it is important to address future climate challenges with well-informed solutions for optimal wood use. Secondarily, service life depends on thorough and repeated maintenance.
Forfattere
Therese With BergeSammendrag
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Sammendrag
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Forfattere
Xueli Chen Xingzhu Ma Zhuxiu Liu Haidong Gu Hairui Fang Zongzhuan Shen Huibo Zhang Shuming Wan Weiqun Li Xiaoyu Hao Nicholas Clarke Junjie LiuSammendrag
Background: Soil microbes play a central role in nutrient recycling in soils: however, the genetic mechanisms governing their responses to long-term fertilization remain poorly understood. While the agronomic benefits of long-term fertilization are well-documented, the genetic mechanisms and ecological processes underlying microbial community responses to different fertilization regimes remain poorly understood, particularly in unique soil systems such as black soils (Mollisols), which are critical for global food security. A deeper insight into how organic and inorganic fertilizers influence microbial assembly, functional potential, and community stability is essential for developing sustainable soil management practices. Results: This study deciphers microbial assembly mechanisms, functional gene dynamics, and community restructuring in black soils subjected to 44 years of chemical fertilizer (CF), manure amendment (M), and integrated chemical fertilizer with manure (CFM) treatments. Results revealed that CF significantly enhances functional gene abundance related to carbon (C) degradation (e.g., starch, cellulose, chitin and lignin) and nitrification, accelerating the conversion of recalcitrant C to labile C pools and ammonium to nitrate. Conversely, M and CFM treatments promote microbial diversity and stability while decelerating nutrient transformation processes. In addition, microbial assembly mechanisms shift from stochastic to deterministic processes with long-term fertilizer application in CF. The structural equation modeling (SEM) indicated that soil chemical properties shape both the diversity and composition of taxonomic and functional gene communities which subsequently regulate microbial -mediated nutrient cycling processes and crop yield. Conclusions: Our findings highlight the trade-offs between microbial functional potential and community stability under contrasting fertilization strategies, emphasizing the need to integrate microbial metrics into sustainable land management frameworks.
Forfattere
Jana Špulerová Debbie Bartlett Alexandra Kruse Hannes Bürckmann Sebastian Eiter Mateja Šmid Hribar Drago Kladnik Zdeněk Kučera Jakub Melicher Sophia Philipp Kerstin Potthoff Hans Renes Michael Roth Maurizia SiguraSammendrag
Traditional orchards are one of the most well-known examples of multifunctional farming. They have a long history of providing different fruits and combining various other agricultural activities, such as extensive animal farming, with cultural significance that reflect the different regional landscapes of Europe. Objectives This study investigates the extent of traditional orchards and addresses their cultural significance and their contribution to the Sustainable Development Goals in the context of multifunctional agricultural landscapes. Method The presented work combines an expert survey conducted in ten EUCALAND network member countries by means of both a standardised and a more detailed questionnaire to compare and summarize the situation of traditional orchards in these countries. Results The results show that traditional orchards are diminishing on the European scale but still have huge significance in many regions. Provisioning ecosystem services, such as fruit production, are valued in terms of disease resistance and genetic diversity which is likely to be of increasing importance in the context of future climate change and concerns over food security. The most important drivers for maintaining traditional orchards appears to be based on cultural ecosystem services and the benefits they provide to society, including the preservation of traditions and regional identity, attractive places for recreation, aesthetic appreciation, inspiration for artists. The examples of best practices from the contributing countries all reveal the close connection of these orchards to local communities and to often specific traditional knowledge. Conclusion The presented review of the current situation for these important components of the agricultural landscape as well as country-specific management characteristics has the potential to inspire other countries to maintain their traditional orchards.
Forfattere
Zahra Bitarafan Wiktoria Kaczmarek-Derda Rafael de Andrade Moral Pierre-Adrien Rivier Therese With Berge Christian AndreasenSammendrag
Weed seeds are potential contaminants of composts derived from biowastes. We assessed the effect of steam treatment alone and in combination with composting on the mortality of barnyardgrass [ Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv.] seeds in a biowaste substrate consisting of a mixture of onion ( Allium spp.) waste (60%), horse ( Equus spp.) manure (20%), and wood shavings (20%). In the first study, seeds of six populations of E. crus-galli exposed to temperatures ranging from ca. 60 to 99 C followed by a 3-min residence time exhibited a decline in seed germination from approximately 25% to 0%. The E. crus-galli populations varied greatly in germinability and responded differently to high temperatures. Samples with lower germinability as assessed in controls were killed at lower temperatures than samples with higher initial germinability. However, to ensure an almost 100% kill of all seeds in the populations, a mean temperature of 100 C was necessary. In another study, seed germination was assessed after steaming the biowaste mixture to a mean temperature of about 60 C and subsequently composting. A short steaming period of the biowaste mixture at approximately 60 C before composting was unnecessary, as all composted seed samples, including the non-steamed control seeds, died during the composting process.
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Forfattere
Yinghua Yin Shufang Guo Qiyu Xu Jian Liu Hongyuan Wang Yanhua Zhuang Zhen Wang Lingling Hua Hongbin Liu Limei ZhaiSammendrag
Optimizing manure use and reducing chemical fertilizers are crucial for achieving the Sustainable Development Goals. However, optimal manure redistribution for cropland yield, nitrogen emissions, and greenhouse gas benefit remains unclear at large spatial scales. Here, we employed genetic algorithms and meta-analysis to obtain an optimal substitution rate for major crops in China. This could reduce synthetic nitrogen use and reactive nitrogen pollution by 13.3 and 2.0 Tg, cut ammonia and nitrous oxide emissions by 15.6% and 16.2%, and lower nitrogen runoff and leaching by 32.9%. The yield of eight major upland crops could be increased by 2.0-19.5%. The strategy involves relocating about 255 million pig equivalents, with 32.3% moved across provinces, mainly from central to northern and northeastern China. An estimated US$6.1 billion investment in livestock relocation could yield US$25.9 billion in benefits.
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Water quality degradation is a major issue in Mediterranean regions, but identifying the key natural and human drivers remains challenging, requiring large–scale studies for meaningful synthesis and comparison. This study analyzed a vast Mediterranean dataset spanning 89,015 across 15 Iberian river basins along a climate gradient (cooler-wetter north to warmer-drier south), 3 decades, 3441 stations, 19 parameters, and 15 million observations. It is the first study of this scale in the region, utilizing custom scripts for automated data compilation and processing. The study revealed an evident north–to–south water quality decline, with rising electric conductivity, pH, total suspended solids, nitrogen, phosphorus, organic carbon, and sulphate, alongside reduced dissolved oxygen and transparency. This pattern correlated with the latitudinal climate gradient and intensified agriculture in the south (Pearson correlation coefficient: 0.1 to 0.53; Spearman's rank correlation coefficient: 0.17 to 0.56), while increased forest cover had a mitigating effect (Pearson: −0.50 to −0.07; Spearman: −0.51 to −0.10). Multidecadal trend analysis revealed a shift around 2005 with most parameters decreasing, except for nitrate and phosphate, which rose likely due to the 2004/05 drought reducing river dilution and expanded irrigated agriculture, especially in Alentejo with the Alqueva reservoir. These findings are crucial for guiding future national management actions and pollution reduction initiatives in Mediterranean regions, aligning with the European Commission's “European Green Deal” that targets a 50 % reduction in nutrient losses to make agriculture more environmentally sustainable, and also provide a valuable reference to many other regions with similar challenges for water quality management.