Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2024
Forfattere
Øyvind Skreiberg Einar Stuve Halvor Mortensen Ase-Lill Fossan Østli Steinar Danielsen Michael Undrum Lasse Gunnerud Jon Rune Vetleseter Thomas Hartnik Pål Jahre Nilsen Bjørn Moldskred André Monsrud Geir Markussen Mia Ulvin Alexandra Roos RassatSammendrag
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Forfattere
Hans Martin Hanslin Lina Mathea Gunvaldsen Sean Erik Foss Erling Ween Eriksen Mari ØgaardSammendrag
Takflater i byene skal helst være flerfunksjonelle der det skal produsere energi, håndtere overvann, bidra til biologisk mangfold, bidra til å kjøle ned byen i varme perioder osv. Slik flerbruk av takflater kan gi en del målkonflikter, men også noen synergier. I et prosjekt for Oslobygg ble målkonflikter ved bruk av solcellepaneler på grønne tak undersøkt. Prosjektet ble gjennomført med befaringer av kombinasjonstak med målinger og prøvetaking på tak, målrettede intervjuer og en workshop med næringsaktører og byggeiere. Til sammen 10 kombinasjonstak ble inkludert i befaringene. Prosjektet avdekket svakheter på flere nivå - fra selve konseptutviklingen, til anbud og kontrakter, og videre gjennom anleggsfasen, vedlikehold og drift. Rapporten tar for seg disse svakhetene og drar sammen en syntese og presenterer noen anbefalinger som kan brukes aktivt i implementeringen av klima- og overvannstrategier. Undersøkelsene viste tydelig konflikter mellom optimalisering og vedlikehold av vegetasjonen og energiproduksjonen for de fleste takene, men det er også eksempler på tak der det fungerer godt. Synergiene i form av mer effektiv energiproduksjon var mindre tydelige, men også mindre undersøkt. Flere av disse konfliktene kan unngås ved bedre prosjektering og involvering av leverandører i en tidlig fase. I tillegg til dette er det et stort behov for opplæring og instrukser for driftspersonell, både for den grønne delen av taket og for panelene.
Forfattere
Åsmund Mikalsen KvifteSammendrag
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Sammendrag
To facilitate nutrient management and the use of manure as a feedstock for biogas production, manure is often separated into a solid and a liquid fraction. The former fraction is usually high in P and low in N, so when incorporated in the soil as fertilizer, it needs to be supplemented by N from, e.g., mineral fertilizers or nitrogen-fixing species. To explore strategies to manage N with solid-separated manure, we examined how the amount of digestate and the N:P ratio of pig digestate, i.e., manure that had partially undergone anaerobic digestion, affected the productivity of Westerwolds ryegrass and red clover in a pot experiment with one soil which was rich and another which was poor in plant nutrients. The soil and plant species treatments were combined with four doses of digestate, which gave plant available phosphorus (P) concentrations of 2, 4, 8, or 16 mg P100 g−1 soil. Ammonium nitrate was dosed to obtain factorial combinations of digestate amount and N:P ratios of 1.8, 4, 8, and 16. Clover was harvested once at the beginning of flowering (15 weeks after seeding), while Westerwolds ryegrass was allowed to regrow three times after being cut at the shooting stage (in total, 4 cuts, 6, 9, 12, and 15 weeks after seeding). Ryegrass yield increased by up to 2.9 times with digestate dosage. Interactions with the N:P ratio and soil type were weak. Hence, the effect of increasing the N:P ratio was additive across digestate dosages. Red clover biomass also increased by up to 39% with digestate dosage. Residual nutrients in the soil after red clover cultivation were affected by the initial differences in soil characteristics but not by digestate treatment or biomass of harvested red clover. A targeted N management is required to benefit from the P-rich digestate in grass cultivation, while the long-term effects of red clover culture on N input need further investigation.
Forfattere
Håvard SteinshamnSammendrag
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Sammendrag
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Forfattere
Håvard SteinshamnSammendrag
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Forfattere
Claire Coutris Karl Andreas Jensen Pierre-Adrien Rivier Selena Deviller Anastasia Georgantzopoulou Sebastian KuehrSammendrag
By the time they enter soils, engineered nanomaterials (ENM) have undergone physicochemical transformations and may no longer resemble the pristine materials which have been thoroughly investigated during two decades of nanotoxicology research. Is the behavior of environmentally relevant chemical forms of ENM different from that of other metallic species present in soils? Are they more available to soil organisms than their naturally occurring counterparts? The present study aimed at answering these questions, through the use of isotopically enriched ENMs, which could be traced at low concentrations in soil microcosms, despite high natural metallic background. The relevance of the chemical forms was ensured by introducing isotopically enriched 109Ag, 68ZnO and 46TiO2 ENM to a wastewater treatment plant and using the resulting sewage sludge (final sink for most ENM) as amendment in soil microcosms with earthworms. The sludge application rate to soil was similar to that used in agriculture and the experiment lasted for a month. Protocols using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry were developed for determination of isotope ratios in complex matrixes, such as soil and organisms. For 109Ag ENM, the dissolved fraction in soil (i.e. the most easily accumulated in organisms) was extremely low and comparable to that of Ag naturally present in soil, and transfer factors to earthworms were similar to those of natural Ag. For 46TiO2 ENM, the transfer to earthworms was negligible, similarly to what was observed for natural Ti. While no difference in behavior and bioavailability was observed between ENM and their naturally occurring counterparts for Ag and Ti, different results were obtained for Zn. The dissolved fraction for 68ZnO ENM was 3-5 times higher than for Zn forms naturally present in soil, and transfer factors to earthworms twice those of natural Zn. Overcoming long-standing challenges related to environmental relevance of chemical forms and concentrations in nanotechnology studies, the approach provides valuable insight into behavior and impacts of environmentally relevant forms of ENM in soils.
Forfattere
Thiago InagakiSammendrag
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Foredrag – Nasjonal tiltaksplan 2023 og konsekvenser for bevaringsarbeidet for husdyr
Nina Svartedal
Forfattere
Nina SvartedalSammendrag
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