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Publikasjoner

NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.

2024

Sammendrag

Skogpolitikk er formelt medlemslandenes kompetanse, og er ikke nevnt i EUs traktater som et område for felles politikk. Skogsektoren er likevel over tid omfattet av tiltak og virkemidler i andre sektorer der EU har felles politikk, bl.a. i EUs landbrukspolitikk, miljøpolitikk og klimapolitikk. Skogens rolle er særlig tydelig i EUs grønne giv (European Green Deal, EGD). EUs grønne giv er et veikart for en samfunnsomstilling som skal ende i et klimanøytralt EU i 2050. EØS-avtalen regulerer samarbeidet mellom Norge og EU og har vært bestemmende for utviklingen i Norge på de fleste samfunnsområder. Norge har også inngått et bilateralt klimasamarbeid med EU om gjennomføringen av målene i Paris-avtalen. Denne bilaterale avtalen mellom Norge og EU innebærer at Norge gjennomfører EUs regelverk for klima også for ikke- kvotepliktig sektor og skog- og arealbruk (LULUCF). Denne rapporten beskriver videre bakgrunn og status for andre sentrale strategier og regelverk av betydning for norsk skogpolitikk og skogforvaltning som følger av EUs grønne giv. Det er i første rekke strategier og regelverk for fornybar energi, miljø og klima som er omtalt her. EUs grønne giv representerer en betydelig samlet påvirkning av skogpolitikken. En utfordring er at endringen skjer horisontalt gjennom utvikling av regelverk i flere sektorer samtidig. Effektene av endringer i regelverk og politiske prioriteringer i EU er foreløpig bare delvis mulig å kvantifisere, men det er gjort noen vurderinger av konsekvenser i rapporten. Når detaljene i rettsaktene, planene for gjennomføring, og Norges forpliktelser for de ulike regelverkene er nærmere en avklaring vil virkningene avtegne seg klarere. Retningen på endringene i EU er imidlertid tydelig: mer vekt på å bevare miljøverdier og økte bidrag fra skogen i arbeidet med å redusere klimagassutslipp.

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Sammendrag

Gaining the ability to fly actively was a ground-breaking moment in insect evolution, providing an unprecedented advantage over other arthropods. Nevertheless, active flight was a costly innovation, requiring the development of wings and flight muscles, the provision of sufficient energetic resources, and a complex flight control system. Although wings, flight muscles, and the energetic budget of insects have been intensively studied in the last decades, almost nothing is known regarding the flight-control devices of many crucial insect groups, especially beetles (Coleoptera). Here, we conducted a phylogenetic-informed analysis of flight-related mechanosensors in 28 species of bark beetles (Curculionidae: Scolytinae, Platypodinae), an economically and ecologically important group of insects characterized by striking differences in dispersal abilities. The results indicated that beetle flight apparatus is equipped with different functional types of mechanosensors, including strain- and flow-encoding sensilla. We found a strong effect of allometry on the number of mechanosensors, while no effect of relative wing size (a proxy of flight investment) was identified. Our study constitutes the first step to understanding the drivers and constraints of the evolution of flight-control devices in Coleoptera, including bark beetles. More research, including a quantitative neuroanatomical analysis of beetle wings, should be conducted in the future.>

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Sammendrag

Potato production faces major challenges from inadequate soil fertility, and nematode infestation, yet synthetic fertilizers and nematicides are costly and harmful to the environment. This study explored the potential of chitin-fortified black soldier fly-composted organic fertilizer (BSFCOF) as a multipurpose organic fertilizer amendment for enhancing potato yield and suppressing potato cyst nematodes (PCN). The BSFCOF was applied at a rate equivalent to 150 kg N ha-1 and fortified with chitin from black soldier fly pupal exuviae at inclusion rates equivalent to 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5% chitin. Data were collected on potato growth characteristics, PCN population densities, and soil chemical properties for two growing cycles. Results showed that chitin fortified BSFCOF significantly improved potato growth parameters, chlorophyll concentration, marketable tuber yield and number of marketable tubers. The marketable tuber yield achieved using chitin-fortified BSFCOF was 70 – 362%, and 69 – 238% higher than the values achieved using unfertilized soil during the first and second growing cycles, respectively. Soil amendment with chitin-fortified BSFCOF significantly reduced the number of cysts per 200 g soil-1, number of eggs and J2 per cyst-1, eggs g-1 soil and reproduction rate by 32 – 87%, 9 – 92%, 31– 98% and 31 – 98%, respectively. The PCN suppression increased with chitin inclusion rates. There were significantly higher values for soil pH, ammonium nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, available phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, potassium, and cation exchange capacity in soil amended with BSFCOF compared to unamended soil. This study demonstrates that BSFCOF fortified with 5% chitin is an effective soil enhancer with multiple benefits, including improved soil fertility, potato performance, and effective management of potato cyst nematodes.

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Sammendrag

The presence of viral diseases poses a significant challenge to the high-quality, efficient, and sustainable production of apples. Virus eradication and the use of virus-free plants are currently the most crucial method for preventing viral diseases. Among the viruses affecting apples, apple stem grooving virus (ASGV) and apple chlorotic leaf spot virus (ACLSV) present particular challenges in efficient eradication from apples. This study investigated the effects of exogenous salicylic acid (SA) treatment on the efficient eradication of ASGV and ACLSV from apple cultivar ‘Yanfu 8’. Shoots were excised from in vitro 4-week-old stock and cultured in shoot proliferation medium supplemented with 10 μM SA combining thermotherapy with shoot tip culture or cryotherapy for ASGV and ACLSV eradication. The results showed that including of 10 μM SA in thermotherapy significantly reduced the concentrations of ASGV and ACLSV by 33% and 14% in shoots compared to thermotherapy without SA. SA treatment also improved the shoot tips survival and regrowth after combining 2 or 4 weeks of thermotherapy followed by shoot tip culture or shoot tip cryotherapy, while maintaining the higher (75–100%) of virus eradication efficiencies. Therefore, the application of SA in combination with thermotherapy followed or not by cryotherapy proves to be a promising approach for enhancing the efficiency of virus eradication in apple.